CN110202425A - Ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method and device - Google Patents
Ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202425A CN110202425A CN201910414458.4A CN201910414458A CN110202425A CN 110202425 A CN110202425 A CN 110202425A CN 201910414458 A CN201910414458 A CN 201910414458A CN 110202425 A CN110202425 A CN 110202425A
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002463 transducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method of ultrasound and devices, its energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool are linked together by pre-stressed bolt and nut, the electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, it is acted on by the transmitting of amplitude transformer, the sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool, cupuliform grinding tool is divided into disk segments and round tube section, amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple the extensional vibration for forming round tube section, realize the compound of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes, pass through the bending vibration of disk segments and the extensional vibration of round tube section, in round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration longitudinally and radially vibrated, in vertical diameter plane, the coupling of axial and radial vibrations Ellipse oscillation trajectory is formed, simplifies the design of resonator system, keeps the vibration of abrasive disc more ideal.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic grinding device, more particularly to a kind of single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method of ultrasound and
Device.
Background technique:
Ultrasonic grinding is the processing for imposing high-frequency vibration to cutter or workpiece on the basis of traditional grinding processing method and being formed
Technology is all effective fine-processing technique of the difficult-to-machine materials such as a kind of pair of composite material, hard brittle material.Ultrasonic elliptical vibratory grinding
It is and to increase the ultrasonic high frequency fortune an of vertical direction on the basis of ordinary ultrasonic grinding abrasive grain single straight reciprocating motion
It is dynamic, the ellipse periodic motion track for foring abrasive grain is coupled with this.Ultrasonic elliptical vibratory form can reduce single abrasive particle
Grinding force and grinding heat increase material remove rate.
The design method of conventional ultrasound vibrational system mostly uses greatly complex resonance theory to be designed, and the range being applicable in is,
It is tool quality, small in size, the influence to system can be ignored.But in some special occasions, workpiece or cutter are the straight of amplitude transformer
Load is connect, determines, cannot be designed according to system resonance frequencies since its material, structure and size etc. are used by it requirement,
It is non-resonant element.Therefore the design method for needing a kind of better conforming to property, meets the ultrasound resonance of heavy load class tool and sets
Meter.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of design it is reasonable, compact-sized,
Simplify resonator system and forms the single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method of ultrasound and device of elliptical vibration track.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of single excitation elliptical vibration grinding design method of ultrasound, comprising the following steps:
A, the vibration mode and oscillation trajectory of elliptical vibration grinding system are determined:
Elliptical vibration grinding system is made of energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, and wherein amplitude transformer is by amplitude transformer and cup
Shape grinding tool is constituted, and the electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, passes through
The transmitting of amplitude transformer acts on, and the sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool, cupuliform grinding tool be divided into disk segments and
Round tube section, amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple and to be formed
Compound, the bending vibration and round tube by disk segments of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes are realized in the extensional vibration of round tube section
The extensional vibration of section, in round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration longitudinally and radially vibrated, longitudinal in vertical diameter plane
And the coupling of radial vibration forms ellipse oscillation trajectory, i.e. the abrasive grain of participation grinding is with the periodic motion of ellipse track
's；
B, each section in amplitude transformer of kinetics equation is established:
Three's simultaneous is coupled further according to boundary condition, is become by the kinetics equation for establishing amplitude transformer, disk segments and round tube section
The overall frequency equation of width device, wherein longitudinal vibration amplitude transformer is straight rod type, pyramid type and compound, be quarter-wave or its
Integral multiple, according to the size of disk segments thickness and diameter ratio, determination is to calculate according to thin plate vibration or cut deal vibrometer
Calculate, the displacement and stress function that both amplitude transformer and round tube section can be determined according to the longitudinal vibration communication theory of sound wave, disk segments according to
The Theory of Vibration of plate obtains displacement function and stress function；
C, the boundary condition of workpiece junction is determined:
If amplitude transformer is quarter-wave, it is zero that amplitude transformer left end, which meets displacement function, and tubular section right end is free shape
State, meeting stress function is zero, and it is equal equal with power to meet displacement for amplitude transformer, disk segments and circle connection between pipe sections vibration coupling；
If disk segments belong to cut deal, the boundary condition for considering the corner radial of plectane, shearing and moment of flexure is needed；
D, the overall frequency equation of amplitude transformer is established:
By determining boundary condition, each section of displacement function and stress function are subjected to simultaneous, integration, acquire the whole of amplitude transformer
Body frequency equation；
E, elliptical vibration grinding system parameter is determined:
Needing the parameter for determining elliptical vibration grinding system according to requirements includes: amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool material
Density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, modulus of shearing and the velocity of sound, the diameter at amplitude transformer both ends, the internal diameter of cupuliform grinding tool, outer diameter,
Height and base thickness, the resonance frequency of design frequency and energy converter is determined according to actual requirement；
F, it calculates the length of amplitude transformer and optimizes:
According to actual operation requirements, fixed cupuliform grinding tool grinding system parameter is brought into the overall frequency of amplitude transformer
In equation, the luffing pole length that cupuliform grinding tool can be made to realize resonance is acquired, if acquiring amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool
The amplitude transformer of composition differs too much with design frequency, changes in requirement and supersonic generator frequency-tuning range and sets
Frequency is counted, to obtain better design effect.
Cupuliform grinding tool is avoided under traditional design method with being different from the resonance frequency of vibrational system and alone resonance
The difficulty of workpiece complex resonance and same frequency, cupuliform grinding tool be cupuliform or bowl-type, be have disk segments bending vibration and
The grinding tool of the extensional vibration of round tube section.
The mechanical oscillation that single longitudinal vibration type energy converter generates certain frequency are re-formed by the transmitting and amplification of amplitude transformer
The bending vibration of disk segments and the extensional vibration of round tube section, coupling show the distinctive ellipse vibration in cupuliform grinding tool end
Track, such vibration mode is different from multiple directions exciting and forms elliptical vibration, but forms mill by the coupling of mode of oscillation
The ellipse movement of grain.
Ellipse motion profile be by axial and radial vibrations couple and obtain, by change cupuliform grinding tool diameter and
The changeable amplitude ratio longitudinally and radially of height, so that elliptical trajectory of different shapes is obtained, ultrasonic elliptical vibratory form
Simple linear motion under changeable single abrasive particle plain grinding state, increase grinding track interference degrees and abrasive grain with
The disengaging time of workpiece also promotes the circulation of grinding fluid while increasing grinding wheel Effective grains' number, thus to a certain extent
The grinding force and grinding heat of single abrasive particle are reduced, and within the unit time, increases the width of polishing scratch, this causes to abrade volume
Increase, thus material removing rate improves.
It is then dynamic by three sections using boundary condition by establishing the kinetics equation of amplitude transformer, disk segments and round tube section
Mechanical equation is coupled into the overall frequency equation of amplitude transformer, and such method is suitable for some special occasions, such as workpiece or cutter
Quality and volume it is larger, material, structure and size etc. be used by it requirement determine, cannot be according to system resonance frequencies
It designs, the method design is lower can to make heavy load tool obtain preferable vibrating effect, realization such as cupuliform grinding tool class
Good resonance, and grinding end formed ellipse motion profile.
Kinetics equation, that is, the displacement function and stress function of amplitude transformer should change according to the difference of luffing rod-shape, together
The kinetics equation of sample disk segments should also calculate according to Thin Disk or middle thick disc vibration according to disk and be changed；The boundary condition
It is the key that kinetics equation coupling, under different Vibration Conditions and geometric dimension, the expression formula of boundary condition is all different, when design
Answer corresponding boundary condition determines according to actual conditions.
It include the geometric dimension of amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, handle when design in the overall frequency equation of the amplitude transformer
Luffing pole length or a certain size of cupuliform grinding tool are as variable is solved, to reach different design requirements；Energy converter is logical
It crosses pre-stressed bolt to be directly connected to amplitude transformer, forms integral structure；Or increase front shroud and amplitude transformer by traditional transducers
It is connected, energy converter can be two panels or four, and resonance frequency should be identical as the design frequency of amplitude transformer, so that grinding system goes out
Existing good vibrational state.
Cupuliform grinding tool is cooperated by nut and amplitude transformer end stud, achievees the effect that be connected with amplitude transformer, cupuliform
Different size, different types of abrasive grain can be electroplated according to processing request in grinding tool end, and cupuliform grinding tool disk segments can also
Make hollow processing, to reduce the load of amplitude transformer, cupuliform grinding tool end can open up symmetrical groove, improve grinding fluid
The performance of circulation.
A kind of single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment of ultrasound, including energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, it is described to change
Can device, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool linked together by pre-stressed bolt and nut, when practical set, need to accurately calculate
Pretightning force needed for bolt forms a circumference mill according to actual processing request in the end coated grits of cupuliform grinding tool
The bed of material；The electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, and passes through the biography of amplitude transformer
The sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool by the effect of passing, and cupuliform grinding tool is divided into disk segments and round tube section, luffing
Bar longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple the longitudinal direction for forming round tube section
The compound of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes is realized in vibration, by the bending vibration of disk segments and the extensional vibration of round tube section,
In round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration longitudinally and radially vibrated, in vertical diameter plane, axial and radial vibrations
Coupling forms ellipse oscillation trajectory, i.e. the abrasive grain of participation grinding is with the periodic motion of ellipse track.
The energy converter is directly connected to by pre-stressed bolt and amplitude transformer, forms integral structure；Alternatively, the transducing
Device increases front shroud and is connected with amplitude transformer；The energy converter is two panels or four, and resonance frequency should be with the design frequency of amplitude transformer
Rate is identical, so that good vibrational state occurs in grinding system；The cupuliform grinding tool passes through nut and amplitude transformer end spiral shell
Column cooperation achievees the effect that be connected with amplitude transformer, and different size, no is electroplated according to processing request in cupuliform grinding tool end
The abrasive grain of same type, cupuliform grinding tool disk segments can also make hollow processing, to reduce the load of amplitude transformer, cupuliform grinding tool
End can open up symmetrical groove, improve the performance of grinding fluid circulation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the design method that the present invention uses can simplify resonance to avoid bring complexity when designing by whole system complex resonance
The design of system keeps the vibration of abrasive disc more ideal.
2. realizing the good ultrasonic vibration of cupuliform grinding tool under the design method that the present invention uses, it is often more important that
Form the ellipse oscillation trajectory of cupuliform grinding tool end.
3. the method for the present invention is reasonable, the ultrasonic wave added ellipse vibration grinding of bulk loads tool is realized, compact-sized,
Easily designed manufacture, implementation easy to spread are with good economic efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is one of the structure chart of ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment；
Fig. 2 is the two of the structure chart of ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment；
Fig. 3 is abrasive grain elliptical vibration track schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of cupuliform grinding tool grinding wheel in Fig. 1；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of bowl-type tool grinding wheel in Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment: referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 5, in figure, 1- pre-stressed bolt, 2- energy converter, 3- taper amplitude transformer, 4- cupuliform grinding tool
Grinding wheel, 5- nut, 6- abrasive grain layer, 7- bowl-type tool grinding wheel.
Ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment is by pre-stressed bolt 1, energy converter 2, amplitude transformer 3, cupuliform grinding tool
Grinding wheel 4 and nut 5 form.Energy converter 2 is connected by bolt 1 with amplitude transformer 3, and when practical set need to accurately calculate needed for bolt
Pretightning force, to reach good assembly effect.Cupuliform grinding tool grinding wheel 4 is connected by nut 5 and amplitude transformer 3.According to reality
Processing request forms a circumference abrasive material 6 in 4 end coated grits of cupuliform grinding tool grinding wheel.
Ultrasonic single excitation elliptical vibration is ground design method, comprising the following steps:
A, the vibration mode and oscillation trajectory of elliptical vibration grinding system are determined:
Elliptical vibration grinding system is made of energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, and wherein amplitude transformer is by amplitude transformer and cup
Shape grinding tool is constituted, and the electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, passes through
The transmitting of amplitude transformer acts on, and the sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool, cupuliform grinding tool be divided into disk segments and
Round tube section, amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple and to be formed
Compound, the bending vibration and round tube by disk segments of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes are realized in the extensional vibration of round tube section
The extensional vibration of section, in round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration longitudinally and radially vibrated, longitudinal in vertical diameter plane
And the coupling of radial vibration forms ellipse oscillation trajectory, i.e. the abrasive grain of participation grinding is with the periodic motion of ellipse track
's；
B, each section in amplitude transformer of kinetics equation is established:
Three's simultaneous is coupled further according to boundary condition, is become by the kinetics equation for establishing amplitude transformer, disk segments and round tube section
The overall frequency equation of width device, wherein longitudinal vibration amplitude transformer is straight rod type, pyramid type and compound, be quarter-wave or its
Integral multiple, according to the size of disk segments thickness and diameter ratio, determination is to calculate according to thin plate vibration or cut deal vibrometer
Calculate, the displacement and stress function that both amplitude transformer and round tube section can be determined according to the longitudinal vibration communication theory of sound wave, disk segments according to
The Theory of Vibration of plate obtains displacement function and stress function；
C, the boundary condition of workpiece junction is determined:
If amplitude transformer is quarter-wave, it is zero that amplitude transformer left end, which meets displacement function, and tubular section right end is free shape
State, meeting stress function is zero, and it is equal equal with power to meet displacement for amplitude transformer, disk segments and circle connection between pipe sections vibration coupling；
If disk segments belong to cut deal, the boundary condition for considering the corner radial of plectane, shearing and moment of flexure is needed；
D, the overall frequency equation of amplitude transformer is established:
By determining boundary condition, each section of displacement function and stress function are subjected to simultaneous, integration, acquire the whole of amplitude transformer
Body frequency equation；
E, elliptical vibration grinding system parameter is determined:
Needing the parameter for determining elliptical vibration grinding system according to requirements includes: amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool material
Density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, modulus of shearing and the velocity of sound, the diameter at amplitude transformer both ends, the internal diameter of cupuliform grinding tool, outer diameter,
Height and base thickness, the resonance frequency of design frequency and energy converter is determined according to actual requirement；
F, it calculates the length of amplitude transformer and optimizes:
According to actual operation requirements, fixed cupuliform grinding tool grinding system parameter is brought into the overall frequency of amplitude transformer
In equation, the luffing pole length that cupuliform grinding tool can be made to realize resonance is acquired, if acquiring amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool
The amplitude transformer of composition differs too much with design frequency, changes in requirement and supersonic generator frequency-tuning range and sets
Frequency is counted, to obtain better design effect.
Cupuliform grinding tool is avoided under traditional design method with being different from the resonance frequency of vibrational system and alone resonance
The difficulty of workpiece complex resonance and same frequency, cupuliform grinding tool be cupuliform or bowl-type, be have disk segments bending vibration and
The grinding tool of the extensional vibration of round tube section.
The mechanical oscillation that single longitudinal vibration type energy converter generates certain frequency are re-formed by the transmitting and amplification of amplitude transformer
The bending vibration of disk segments and the extensional vibration of round tube section, coupling show the distinctive ellipse vibration in cupuliform grinding tool end
Track, such vibration mode is different from multiple directions exciting and forms elliptical vibration, but forms mill by the coupling of mode of oscillation
The ellipse movement of grain.
Ellipse motion profile be by axial and radial vibrations couple and obtain, by change cupuliform grinding tool diameter and
The changeable amplitude ratio longitudinally and radially of height, so that elliptical trajectory of different shapes is obtained, ultrasonic elliptical vibratory form
Simple linear motion under changeable single abrasive particle plain grinding state, increase grinding track interference degrees and abrasive grain with
The disengaging time of workpiece also promotes the circulation of grinding fluid while increasing grinding wheel Effective grains' number, thus to a certain extent
The grinding force and grinding heat of single abrasive particle are reduced, and within the unit time, increases the width of polishing scratch, this causes to abrade volume
Increase, thus material removing rate improves.
It is then dynamic by three sections using boundary condition by establishing the kinetics equation of amplitude transformer, disk segments and round tube section
Mechanical equation is coupled into the overall frequency equation of amplitude transformer, and such method is suitable for some special occasions, such as workpiece or cutter
Quality and volume it is larger, material, structure and size etc. be used by it requirement determine, cannot be according to system resonance frequencies
It designs, the method design is lower can to make heavy load tool obtain preferable vibrating effect, realization such as cupuliform grinding tool class
Good resonance, and grinding end formed ellipse motion profile.
Kinetics equation, that is, the displacement function and stress function of amplitude transformer should change according to the difference of luffing rod-shape, together
The kinetics equation of sample disk segments should also calculate according to Thin Disk or middle thick disc vibration according to disk and be changed；The boundary condition
It is the key that kinetics equation coupling, under different Vibration Conditions and geometric dimension, the expression formula of boundary condition is all different, when design
Answer corresponding boundary condition determines according to actual conditions.
It include the geometric dimension of amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, handle when design in the overall frequency equation of the amplitude transformer
Luffing pole length or a certain size of cupuliform grinding tool are as variable is solved, to reach different design requirements；Energy converter is logical
It crosses pre-stressed bolt to be directly connected to amplitude transformer, forms integral structure；Or increase front shroud and amplitude transformer by traditional transducers
It is connected, energy converter can be two panels or four, and resonance frequency should be identical as the design frequency of amplitude transformer, so that grinding system goes out
Existing good vibrational state.
Cupuliform grinding tool is cooperated by nut and amplitude transformer end stud, achievees the effect that be connected with amplitude transformer, cupuliform
Different size, different types of abrasive grain can be electroplated according to processing request in grinding tool end, and cupuliform grinding tool disk segments can also
Make hollow processing, to reduce the load of amplitude transformer, cupuliform grinding tool end can open up symmetrical groove, improve grinding fluid
The performance of circulation.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention in any form, it is all
It is any simple modification, equivalent change and modification to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention, still falls within
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound is ground design method, comprising the following steps:
A, the vibration mode and oscillation trajectory of elliptical vibration grinding system are determined:
Elliptical vibration grinding system is made of energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, and wherein amplitude transformer is by amplitude transformer and cup
Shape grinding tool is constituted, and the electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, passes through
The transmitting of amplitude transformer acts on, and the sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool, cupuliform grinding tool be divided into disk segments and
Round tube section, amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple and to be formed
Compound, the bending vibration and round tube by disk segments of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes are realized in the extensional vibration of round tube section
The extensional vibration of section, in round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration longitudinally and radially vibrated, longitudinal in vertical diameter plane
And the coupling of radial vibration forms ellipse oscillation trajectory, i.e. the abrasive grain of participation grinding is with the periodic motion of ellipse track
's；
B, each section in amplitude transformer of kinetics equation is established:
Three's simultaneous is coupled further according to boundary condition, is become by the kinetics equation for establishing amplitude transformer, disk segments and round tube section
The overall frequency equation of width device, wherein longitudinal vibration amplitude transformer is straight rod type, pyramid type and compound, be quarter-wave or its
Integral multiple, according to the size of disk segments thickness and diameter ratio, determination is to calculate according to thin plate vibration or cut deal vibrometer
Calculate, the displacement and stress function that both amplitude transformer and round tube section can be determined according to the longitudinal vibration communication theory of sound wave, disk segments according to
The Theory of Vibration of plate obtains displacement function and stress function；
C, the boundary condition of workpiece junction is determined:
If amplitude transformer is quarter-wave, it is zero that amplitude transformer left end, which meets displacement function, and tubular section right end is free shape
State, meeting stress function is zero, and it is equal equal with power to meet displacement for amplitude transformer, disk segments and circle connection between pipe sections vibration coupling；
If disk segments belong to cut deal, the boundary condition for considering the corner radial of plectane, shearing and moment of flexure is needed；
D, the overall frequency equation of amplitude transformer is established:
By determining boundary condition, each section of displacement function and stress function are subjected to simultaneous, integration, acquire the whole of amplitude transformer
Body frequency equation；
E, elliptical vibration grinding system parameter is determined:
Needing the parameter for determining elliptical vibration grinding system according to requirements includes: amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool material
Density, Poisson's ratio, elasticity modulus, modulus of shearing and the velocity of sound, the diameter at amplitude transformer both ends, the internal diameter of cupuliform grinding tool, outer diameter,
Height and base thickness, the resonance frequency of design frequency and energy converter is determined according to actual requirement；
F, it calculates the length of amplitude transformer and optimizes:
According to actual operation requirements, fixed cupuliform grinding tool grinding system parameter is brought into the overall frequency of amplitude transformer
In equation, the luffing pole length that cupuliform grinding tool can be made to realize resonance is acquired, if acquiring amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool
The amplitude transformer of composition differs too much with design frequency, changes in requirement and supersonic generator frequency-tuning range and sets
Frequency is counted, to obtain better design effect.
2. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: cupuliform is ground work
Tool avoids workpiece complex resonance and same frequency under traditional design method to be different from the resonance frequency of vibrational system and alone resonance
The difficulty of rate, cupuliform grinding tool are cupuliform or bowl-type, are the extensional vibration of the bending vibration and round tube section with disk segments
Grinding tool.
3. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: single longitudinal vibration type
Energy converter generates the mechanical oscillation of certain frequency, by the transmitting and amplification of amplitude transformer, re-form the bending vibrations of disk segments with
The extensional vibration of round tube section, coupling show the distinctive ellipse oscillation trajectory in cupuliform grinding tool end, such vibration mode
Elliptical vibration is formed different from multiple directions exciting, but forms the ellipse movement of abrasive grain by the coupling of mode of oscillation.
4. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: ellipse movement
Track is to be coupled by axial and radial vibrations and obtained, and longitudinal direction and diameter can be changed by the diameter and height that change cupuliform grinding tool
To amplitude ratio, to obtain elliptical trajectory of different shapes, it is common that single abrasive particle can be changed in ultrasonic elliptical vibratory form
Simple linear motion under grinding status increases the interference degrees of grinding track and the disengaging time of abrasive grain and workpiece, increases
The circulation of grinding fluid is also promoted while adding grinding wheel Effective grains' number, to reduce the mill of single abrasive particle to a certain extent
Power and grinding heat are cut, and within the unit time, increase the width of polishing scratch, this causes to abrade volume increase, thus material removes
Rate improves.
5. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: become by establishing
Then three sections of kinetics equation is coupled into luffing using boundary condition by the kinetics equation of width bar, disk segments and round tube section
The overall frequency equation of device, such method is larger suitable for some special occasions, such as the quality and volume of workpiece or cutter,
Material, structure and size etc. are used by it requirement and determine, cannot design according to system resonance frequencies, under the method design
Heavy load tool can be made to obtain preferable vibrating effect, realize the good resonance of such as cupuliform grinding tool class, and be ground
End forms ellipse motion profile.
6. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: amplitude transformer is moved
Mechanical equation, that is, displacement function and stress function should change, the dynamics side of same disk segments according to the difference of luffing rod-shape
Journey should also calculate according to Thin Disk or middle thick disc vibration according to disk and be changed；The boundary condition is kinetics equation coupling
Key, under different Vibration Conditions and geometric dimension, the expression formula of boundary condition is all different, and when design should be determines according to actual conditions
Corresponding boundary condition.
7. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: the amplitude transformer
Overall frequency equation in include amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool geometric dimension, luffing pole length or cupuliform when design
The a certain size of grinding tool is as variable is solved, to reach different design requirements；Energy converter passes through pre-stressed bolt and luffing
Bar is directly connected to, and forms integral structure；Or increase front shroud by traditional transducers and be connected with amplitude transformer, energy converter can be two
Piece or four, resonance frequency should be identical as the design frequency of amplitude transformer, so that good vibrational state occurs in grinding system.
8. the single excitation elliptical vibration of ultrasound according to claim 1 is ground design method, it is characterised in that: cupuliform is ground work
Tool is cooperated by nut and amplitude transformer end stud, achievees the effect that be connected with amplitude transformer, cupuliform grinding tool end can basis
Different size, different types of abrasive grain is electroplated in processing request, and cupuliform grinding tool disk segments can also make hollow processing, is become with reducing
The load of width bar, cupuliform grinding tool end can open up symmetrical groove, improve the performance of grinding fluid circulation.
9. a kind of single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment of ultrasound, including energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool, feature
Be: the energy converter, amplitude transformer and cupuliform grinding tool are linked together by pre-stressed bolt and nut, are needed when practical set
Pretightning force needed for accurately calculating bolt forms one according to actual processing request in the end coated grits of cupuliform grinding tool
A circumference abrasive material；The electric signal that energy converter provides supersonic generator is converted to the mechanical oscillation longitudinally transmitted, and passes through change
The transmitting of width bar acts on, and the sound wave of extensional vibration is transferred to cupuliform grinding tool, cupuliform grinding tool is divided into disk segments and circle
Pipeline section, amplitude transformer longitudinal vibration excitation is so that cupuliform grinding tool disk segments make the pitch circle type vibration of transverse curvature, and couple and to form circle
The extensional vibration of pipeline section realizes the compound of " vertical-curved-vertical " three kinds of different vibration shapes, passes through the bending vibration and round tube section of disk segments
Extensional vibration, in round tube section end, coupling shows the complex vibration that longitudinally and radially vibrates, in vertical diameter plane, Zong Xiangji
The coupling of radial vibration forms ellipse oscillation trajectory, i.e. the abrasive grain of participation grinding is with the periodic motion of ellipse track
's.
10. the single excitation elliptical vibration grinding attachment of ultrasound according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: the energy converter is logical
It crosses pre-stressed bolt to be directly connected to amplitude transformer, forms integral structure；Alternatively, the energy converter increases front shroud and amplitude transformer
It is connected；The energy converter is two panels or four, and resonance frequency should be identical as the design frequency of amplitude transformer, so that grinding system goes out
Existing good vibrational state；The cupuliform grinding tool is cooperated by nut and amplitude transformer end stud, reaches solid with amplitude transformer
Different size, different types of abrasive grain, cupuliform grinding is electroplated according to processing request in effect even, cupuliform grinding tool end
Tool disk segments can also make hollow processing, and to reduce the load of amplitude transformer, cupuliform grinding tool end can open up symmetrical
Groove improves the performance of grinding fluid circulation.
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