CN112477307A - 一种基于电吸附效应的口罩 - Google Patents

一种基于电吸附效应的口罩 Download PDF

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CN112477307A
CN112477307A CN202011325165.8A CN202011325165A CN112477307A CN 112477307 A CN112477307 A CN 112477307A CN 202011325165 A CN202011325165 A CN 202011325165A CN 112477307 A CN112477307 A CN 112477307A
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nanofiber membrane
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段升顺
吴俊�
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Southeast University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于电吸附的口罩，口罩主体从外层至内层依次包括：第一无纺布层、第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、PTFE纳米纤维膜层、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、第二无纺布层。还包括供电部分，供电部分和主体部分的第二层和第四层形成稳定电荷分布的电极层，作为电吸附效应的主要部分。本发明口罩结构较为简单，佩戴方便，与传统的一次性口罩厚度差不多；同时，利用持续的电供给实现较大孔径PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜和小孔径PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜的正负电极层持续产生电吸附效应来阻隔微尘和病菌，而电荷不会随佩戴时间的增长消散。

Description

一种基于电吸附效应的口罩
技术领域
本发明涉及一种口罩，具体涉及一种基于电吸附效应的口罩。
背景技术
空气污染和依赖空气、飞沫传播的传染病史现代生活中对健康造成严重威胁的因素。空气污染包括PM2.5等颗粒物以及工业污染带来的灰尘等，传染病则如各类通过飞沫传播的流感病毒，冠状病毒等。因此，无论医护人员还是普通人员在室外以及特殊室内工作环境下都应佩戴口罩起到防护作用。
而目前的口罩大都基于传统的物理阻隔防护，其效果并不十分理想。在大气中，微粒一般携带正/负电性，而像PM2.5这种粒径较小的颗粒微尘，一般带正电性。N95口罩是基于静电吸附效应实现较好的灰尘及病毒阻隔效果。但N95口罩中驻极体薄膜一次充电后，便不可二次回收使用，待驻极体电荷消散后，N95口罩的性能与普通口罩相差不大。
发明内容
发明目的：针对上述现有技术，提出一种基于电吸附效应的口罩，能够通过持续充电实现电极层维持稳定电荷数，从而实现持续高性能电吸附作用。
技术方案：一种基于电吸附效应的口罩，口罩主体从外层至内层依次包括：第一无纺布层、第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、PTFE纳米纤维膜层、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、第二无纺布层；其中，所述第一无纺布层和第二无纺布层的孔径在10-20um，厚度为200-250um；所述第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层的孔径为5-10um，厚度在9-12um；所述PTFE纳米纤维膜层的孔径为3-5um,厚度在9-12um；所述第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层的孔径为1-3um，厚度在9-12um；
还包括连接在所述口罩主体上的供电部分，所述供电部分的正极连接所述第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层，所述供电部分的负极连接所述第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层。
有益效果：本发明口罩结构较为简单，成本低廉，佩戴方便，与传统的一次性口罩厚度差不多；同时，利用持续的电供给实现PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜的正负电极层持续产生电吸附效应来阻隔微尘和病菌，而不会随佩戴时间的增长使得电荷消散。
附图说明
图1为本发明口罩结构示意图；
图2为本发明口罩主体五层结构示意图；
图3为第一无纺布层结构示意图；
图4为第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层结构示意图；
图5为PTFE纳米纤维膜层结构示意图；
图6为第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做更进一步的解释。
如图1所示，一种基于电吸附效应的口罩，包括用于遮盖佩戴者嘴巴和鼻子的口罩主体1，与口罩主体1连接的两根弹性挂绳2，弹性挂绳2通过超声波焊接、热焊接、粘合剂粘接或缝纫来与口罩主体1固定。在口罩主体1外侧固定连接供电部分3。
如图2所示，口罩主体从外层至内层依次包括：第一无纺布层11、第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12、PTFE纳米纤维膜层13、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14、第二无纺布层15，各层通过缝纫、热焊接、超声波焊接、粘合剂来彼此固定。如图3所示，第一无纺布层11和第二无纺布层15的孔径在10-20um，厚度为200-250um。如图4所示，第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12的孔径为5-10um，厚度在9-12um，图中小黑色六边形为石墨烯示意图。如图5所示，PTFE纳米纤维膜层13的孔径为3-5um,厚度在9-12um。如图6所示，第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14的孔径为1-3um，厚度在9-12um。
供电部分包括便于更换的纽扣电池16，纽扣电池16的正极连接第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12，纽扣电池16的负极连接第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14。
本发明的基于电吸附效应的口罩，第一无纺布层11用于过滤大直径的微尘颗粒，并与和第二无纺布层15一起与内部的三层低强度纳米纤维膜复合，作为支撑结构。
第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12和第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14通过喷涂工艺将石墨烯溶液喷涂在PTFE纳米纤维膜的两侧，然后真空烘干后形成。PTFE纳米纤维膜为石墨烯提供物理载体和电极材料。
PTFE纳米纤维膜层13以及第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14中的PTFE纳米纤维膜通过静电纺丝工艺制备，通过调整静电纺丝的工艺参数可制备具有不同孔径和厚度的纳米纤维膜。
当电源供电的情况下，正负电荷分别在第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12和第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14上积聚。两侧膜上的石墨烯用于捕获电子，形成稳定的集聚电荷，其中第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12为正电性，可以吸附到负电的微粒或者是微粒带正电性；第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14为负电性，可吸附不带电或带正电的微粒。
空气中的微粒由于电离作用会带有正电，负电或不带电，而对于粒径小于2.5um的微尘，大多带正电性。当微尘或病菌通过口罩进入口中时，经过以下几步物理阻隔或吸附实现吸入气体的净化：第一无纺布层11会物理阻隔掉粒径大于其孔径的微尘。第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层12会物理阻隔掉粒径大于其孔径的微尘，而对于略小于其孔径的带负电性的微粒也会被吸附在第二层上。对于小于第二层材料孔径的不带电微尘或病菌，根据电荷重新分配原理，微尘或病菌与PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜上的正电荷重新分配，使得其带正电，对于带正电的微尘或病菌，由于同性相斥，会快速通过此纤维膜。PTFE纳米纤维膜层13作为绝缘层使得前后两层电极层不发生电接触，从而产生稳定的电荷分布，另一个作用与第一层的大孔径无纺布类似，主要是物理阻隔掉大于其孔径的微尘或病菌。在经过前四层纳米膜的物理阻隔或电吸附清除后，通过的微尘或病菌带正电性，因此第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层14主要通过电吸附方式吸附掉最小的小粒径微尘或病菌。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，口罩主体从外层至内层依次包括：第一无纺布层、第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、PTFE纳米纤维膜层、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、第二无纺布层；其中，所述第一无纺布层和第二无纺布层的孔径在10-20um，厚度为200-250um；所述第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层的孔径为5-10um，厚度在9-12um；所述PTFE纳米纤维膜层的孔径为3-5um,厚度在9-12um；所述第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层的孔径为1-3um，厚度在9-12um；
还包括连接在所述口罩主体上的供电部分，所述供电部分的正极连接所述第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层，所述供电部分的负极连接所述第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，所述口罩主体的各层材料通过缝纫、热焊接、超声波焊接、粘合剂来彼此固定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，所述第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层和第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层通过喷涂工艺将石墨烯溶液喷涂在PTFE纳米纤维膜的两侧，然后真空烘干后形成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，所述PTFE纳米纤维膜层以及第一PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层、第二PTFE/石墨烯复合纳米纤维膜层中的PTFE纳米纤维膜通过静电纺丝工艺制备。
5.根据权利要求3所述的基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，所述供电部分包括便于更换的纽扣电池。
6.根据权利要求3所述的基于电吸附效应的口罩，其特征在于，还包括与所述口罩主体连接的两根弹性挂绳，所述弹性挂绳通过超声波焊接、热焊接、粘合剂粘接或缝纫来与所述口罩主体固定。
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CN111424378A (zh) * 2020-04-24 2020-07-17 河南曼博睿新材料科技有限公司 一种口罩用纳米纤维膜及其制造方法
CN111436685A (zh) * 2020-03-30 2020-07-24 北京化工大学 一种可长期持续荷电再生的抗菌口罩
CN111590984A (zh) * 2020-06-19 2020-08-28 创斯(广州)科技发展有限公司 用于口罩的环保型热熔胶贴合的三合一材料及其制备方法
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