CN1124740A - 无规聚丙烯催化剂 - Google Patents
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- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于用于合成无规聚丙烯的高效载体Ziegler-Natta催化剂,本发明提供一种用于合成无规聚丙烯的高效载体催化剂,催化剂制备采用化学法和物理掺杂相结合的方法将钛系催化剂有效地分散在一种混合载体上,使用本催化剂可以合成具有无规链结构的聚丙烯。
Description
本发明属于用于合成无规聚丙烯的高效载体Ziegler-Natta催化剂,
从五十年代Ziegler-Natta催化剂发现以来,随着对其研究和开发的不断深入和新的聚合工艺的出现,对聚丙烯(PP)催化剂而言,其催化效率和产品等规指数均不断提高,现已达到基本无副产物无规聚丙烯(a-PP)生成,而近年来由于a-PP应用的开发,如与其它聚合物共混,改性沥青,与无机添料制造复合材料和制备粘合剂等多方面的应用,a-PP需求量越来越大,这就有直接合成a-PP的必要,且直接合成的a-PP与作为副产品的a-PP相比,还具有产品质量稳定,分子量和等规度可调等优点。
WO Patent 8809348公开了一种用于制造a-PP的催化剂,是通过两步反应获得:(1)用氯气或氯化氢等将有机镁化合物(二烷基镁如丁辛基镁,二丁基镁)氯化作为载体,(2)将该载体与热的四氯化钛(TiCl4)回流制得催化剂,以三乙基铝作为助催化剂,这种催化剂含有15-21wt%Mg,2-10Wt%Ti和30-85wt%Cl,在淤浆聚合中生成无规聚合物(无规聚丙烯),据称该催化剂具有可在一个反应器通过两步反应直接制备而无需研磨的优点,但其由于采用有机镁化合物进行氯化处理后作为载体,不仅成本高,且氯化反应对设备的腐蚀性大,对环境污染严重;其制备方法采用热的TiCl4与载体回流,反应温度高TiCl4用量大,同样易造成对设备的腐蚀和环境污染。
本发明的目的是提供一种使用双组分作为催化剂载体,可使得到的聚合物的形态得以大大该善,而且载体的成本低且不需进行氯化处理,在制备过程中TiCl4用量少,要求的反应温度低,制备工艺简单,且可适合各种聚合方式(淤浆,本体及气相),并可通过调节催化剂配方和聚合时的工艺参数,使得到的a-PP适合各方面的需要。
本发明制备的催化剂由以下几种化合物组成:至少一种钛化合物A,至少一种镁化合物B和一种硅化合物C,至少一种能使B生成并溶于饱和烷烃的络合剂D,至少一种活化剂E。
A的结构为TiX4,X是一种卤族元素,具体为氯,溴,碘;常用的是TiCl4。
B的结构为MgX2,X同上,常用的为MgCl2。
C的结构是SiO2,具有高比表面积,颗粒大小通常在60-200目之间。
D的化学式为ROH或环醚类物质,R为碳-1至碳-10的烷基或芳香基化合物,R常用为碳-2到碳-6的烷基:C2H5-~C6H13-,D在常温常压下是一种液体。
E是烷基铝化合物,其结构通式为R’nAlX3-n(n=1~3),X同上,常用的为氯,R’为碳-1至碳-6的烷基。
在催化剂制备中不需加任何给电子试剂,
催化剂的制备过程如下:在一个带有机械或电磁搅拌,进料口,出料口,过滤装置的反应器中,加入经过筛分的B与C(重量比1∶10至10∶1)混合,反应器和整个反应过程皆处在严格的无水无氧,惰性气体保护下,加入适量的化合物D[D/B=1/1至25/1(mol比)],在0~100℃下,而较佳在40~70℃下搅拌反应0.5~10小时,然后滴加E[E/D=1/3(mol比)],反应0.1~2.0小时后,滤去清液,加入烃类溶剂(1~20ml/g,固体原料)搅拌均匀后,滴加A [A/B=1/10~10/1(mol比)],在0~100℃下,而较佳在10~50℃反应1~20小时后用烃类溶剂洗除游离的A,得到载体催化剂。
为得到无规聚丙烯使用本发明催化剂进行丙烯聚合反应,可用饱和烷烃或环烷烃作溶剂,聚合温度0~100℃,丙烯压力0.1~5.0Pa,[Al]/[Ti]比在20~300之间,而较佳[Al]/[Ti]比在30~150之间,助催化剂可用三乙基铝,三异丁基铝,一氯二乙基铝,聚合反应也可在本体或气相条件下进行,由该催化剂制得的聚丙烯的等规度(庚烷抽提测得)在20-40%间,熔点140~160℃,结晶度5-30%。
本发明提供的实施例如下:实施例1.催化剂制备
将6.0gSiO2和3.0gMgCl2预先混合,加入具有搅拌和过滤装置的反应器中,处理体系严格无水无氧,整个反应在惰性气体保护下进行,注入18.0ml n-C4H8OH和50ml正己烷,50℃下反应3.0小时,然后滴加(C4H8)3Al 65mmol,滴完后反应0.5小时,滤去清液,用正己烷洗两次,加入50ml正己烷,搅拌均匀后滴加40mmol TiCl4,反应2小时后,用正己烷洗数次以除去游离的TiCl4,得到载体催化剂,该催化剂外观浅灰色,粒度60~200目,含钛量1.0wt%。实施例2.催化剂制备
在条件与实施例1相同的情况下,将6.0gSiO2和2.0gMgCl2预先混合,加入12.0ml n-C4H8OH,50℃反应3.0小时,然后滴加43mmol(C4H8)3Al反应0.5小时,用正己烷洗两次,加入50ml正己烷,搅拌均匀后滴加27mmol TiCl4,反应2小时后,用正己烷洗数次以除去游离的TiCl4,得到催化剂实施例3.聚合反应(常压淤浆聚合)
在一带有搅拌的无水无氧反应瓶中,依次加入溶剂工业己烷,助催化剂三乙基铝,本发明制备的催化剂(实施例2),50℃下,丙烯连续通入,丙烯分压为1.1×105Pa,催化剂浓度[Ti]=0.04mmol,[Al]/[Ti]=12,反应1.0小时,用酸化乙醇终止反应,并用乙醇沉淀和洗涤产物数次,干燥后称重催化效率为7,400gPP/gTi.hr.用庚烷抽提计算,产物的等规度为28.6%,由DSC计算产物的结晶度为19.2%,由高温GPC测定产物的重均分子量为1.2×105,分子量分布Mw/Mn=16.1,产物的熔点153.6℃实施例4.聚合反应
按实施例3的聚合方法,用实施例1所制催化剂进行聚合反应,[Al]/[Ti]=30,催化效率27,000gPP/gTi.hr,产品等规度34.3%,重均分子量1.3×105,分子量分布Mw/Mn=12.6实施例5.聚合反应(加压淤浆聚合)
在一21高压釜中,依次加入工业己烷,三乙基铝和实施例2所制备催化剂[Ti]=11.99mmol/l,[Al]/[Ti]=80,70℃,丙烯分压1.0MPa,反应1.0小时.催化效率17,000gPP/gTi.hr,产物为白色颗粒,产物的等规度为32%(己烷抽提),熔点149.8℃,结晶度13.6%。实施例6.聚合实验(本体聚合)
在一21高压釜中,依次加入工业己烷,三乙基铝,实施例1所制备催化剂和定量丙烯液体,[Ti]=77.3mmol/l,[Al]/[Ti]=50,缓慢升温,聚合35min后降温,催化效率107,000gPP/gTi.hr,丙烯转化率73%。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于合成无规聚丙烯的高效载体Ziegler-Natta催化剂,其特征是该催化剂由以下几种化合物组成:
1)至少一种钛化合物A,
2)至少一种镁化合物B和一种硅化合物C,
3)至少一种能使B生成并溶于饱和烷烃的络合剂D,
4)至少一种活化剂E,
A的结构为TiX4,
B的结构为MgX2,
A,B中的X是一种卤族元素,具体为氯,溴,碘;常用的是氯,
C的结构是SiO2,颗粒大小通常在60-200目之间,
D的化学式为ROH或环醚类物质,R常用为碳-2到碳-6的烷基:C2H5-~C6H13-,D在常温常压下是一种液体,
E是烷基铝化合物,其结构通式为R’nAlX3-n(n=1~3),X为氯,溴,碘,常用的是氯,R’为碳-1至碳-6的烷基,
在无水无氧,惰性气体保护下加入B与C(重量比1∶10至10∶1)混合,加入化合物D[D/B=1/1至25/1(mol比)],在0~100℃下,搅拌反应0.5~10小时,然后滴加E[E/D=1/3(mol比)],反应0.1~2.0小时后,滤去清液,加入烃类溶剂(1~20ml/g.固体原料)搅拌均匀后,滴加A[A/B=1/10~10/1(mol比)],在0~100℃下,1~20小时后用烃类溶剂洗除游离的A,得到载体催化剂,
2.如权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征为加入B,C和D化合物后,较佳的反应温度为40~70℃,
3.如权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征为加入A化合物后,较佳的反应温度为10~50℃。
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