CN112462149A - Novel method for measuring inductance of superconducting coil - Google Patents

Novel method for measuring inductance of superconducting coil Download PDF

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CN112462149A
CN112462149A CN202011298819.2A CN202011298819A CN112462149A CN 112462149 A CN112462149 A CN 112462149A CN 202011298819 A CN202011298819 A CN 202011298819A CN 112462149 A CN112462149 A CN 112462149A
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superconducting coil
permanent magnet
measuring
real
inductance
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CN112462149B (en
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信赢
李文鑫
杨天慧
李赓尧
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Tianjin University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2611—Measuring inductance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a new method for measuring the inductance of a superconducting coil, which comprises the following steps: the superconducting coil is fixed on the measuring platform, the permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the dynamometer through the rigid nonmagnetic straight rod, and the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil are arranged along the same central axis; the control system controls the controllable driving motor, the dynamometer and the permanent magnet move from an initial position to a final position along a central axis at a certain speed through the mechanical lifting mechanism under the action of the controllable driving motor, the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet at different points is measured by the dynamometer in real time in the whole moving process, meanwhile, the induced current in the superconducting coil is measured in real time through the clamp type current measuring instrument, the real-time measuring result is displayed on a display screen after being processed by a computer, and the inductance value of the superconducting coil is calculated by utilizing the real-time measuring result. The method is simple and easy to operate, and provides a reliable solution for measuring the inductance of the uninsulated superconducting coil.

Description

Novel method for measuring inductance of superconducting coil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting coil inductance measurement, in particular to a novel superconducting coil inductance measurement method.
Background
The inductance of the coil is an important parameter of the coil, the superconducting coil is widely applied to various superconducting devices along with the development of superconducting technology, and the cake-shaped coil is used as an important component unit of a large superconducting coil, so that the measurement of the inductance value of the cake-shaped coil has important significance.
Most of the existing electric sensing methods are electric measurement methods, the operation of the measurement process is complex, the requirement on the precision of equipment is high, and the measurement result is easily influenced by factors such as environment, operation mode and the like.
In the case of a superconducting coil, due to the zero resistance effect of the superconductor, the coil generates substantially no energy loss when a current flows, i.e., the energy can be completely stored in the superconducting coil in the form of current and can be calculated through the coil current and the inductance value. Therefore, if the total energy stored in the superconducting coil is known and the magnitude of the current value in the coil is measured, the inductance value of the superconducting coil can be calculated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a novel method for measuring the inductance of the superconducting coil, is simple and easy to operate, and provides a reliable solution for measuring the inductance of the uninsulated superconducting coil.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a novel method for measuring the inductance of a superconducting coil, which comprises the following steps:
the superconducting coil is fixed on the measuring platform, the permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the dynamometer through the rigid nonmagnetic straight rod, and the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil are arranged along the same central axis;
the control system controls the controllable driving motor, the dynamometer and the permanent magnet move from an initial position to a final position along a central axis at a certain speed through the mechanical lifting mechanism under the action of the controllable driving motor, the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet at different points is measured by the dynamometer in real time in the whole moving process, meanwhile, the induced current in the superconducting coil is measured in real time through the clamp type current measuring instrument, the real-time measuring result is displayed on a display screen after being processed by a computer, and the inductance value of the superconducting coil is calculated by utilizing the real-time measuring result.
The superconducting coil is installed in a Dewar, the Dewar is installed on a measuring platform, and a coolant is added into the Dewar to cool the superconducting coil so that the superconducting coil is always in a superconducting state in the measuring process.
The start position and the end position are point-symmetric with respect to a geometric center of the superconducting coil.
The superconducting coil adopts a closed coil which is connected end to end.
And calculating the inductance value of the superconducting coil according to the following formula by using the real-time measurement result:
Figure BDA0002786220250000021
wherein, L is the inductance value of the superconducting coil to be measured, F is the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet, I is the maximum current of a single turn in the superconducting coil, and x is the displacement of the permanent magnet.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention does not need a power supply and a high-precision voltage and current measuring instrument.
(2) The measurement result of the inductance of the superconducting coil does not change because of whether the superconducting coil is subjected to insulation treatment or not.
(3) The invention has simple and convenient operation, high measurement precision and small operation error.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a layout diagram of a measurement system for a novel method of measuring inductance of a superconducting coil according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of ampere force (a) versus current (b).
Fig. 3 is a detailed schematic diagram of the tension measuring system in the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a superconducting coil and a Dewar.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the measurement process of the tension measuring system in the embodiment.
FIG. 6 shows the results of measurements on a 30-turn superconducting coil, (a) is an ampere force curve, (b) is a current curve,
where the peak current value 634A is the product of the single turn current and the number of turns, the coil single turn current is about 21A.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a novel method for measuring inductance of a superconducting coil, which is based on the electromagnetic interaction between a permanent magnet and the superconducting coil and measures by utilizing the mutual conversion relation between the work of ampere force and the electromagnetic energy stored in the superconducting coil, and comprises the following specific processes:
the superconducting coil II is fixed in a Dewar which is firmly arranged on a measuring platform, and a coolant (liquid nitrogen) is added in the Dewar to cool the superconducting coil II so that the superconducting coil is always in a superconducting state in the measuring process. The permanent magnet (I) is fixedly connected with the dynamometer (III) through a rigid nonmagnetic straight rod, and the permanent magnet (I) and the superconducting coil (II) are arranged along the same central axis, as shown in figure 1. And the superconducting coil II is a closed coil connected end to end.
When in measurement, the control system controls the controllable driving motor, the dynamometer and the permanent magnet move to the end position from the initial position along the central axis at a certain speed (the measurement result is not influenced by the movement speed of the permanent magnet in the measurement process) through the mechanical lifting mechanism under the action of the controllable driving motor, so as to approach, penetrate and be away from the superconducting coil, in the whole movement process, the ampere force of the permanent magnet at different points is measured by the dynamometer in real time, simultaneously the induced current in the superconducting coil is measured in real time through the clamp type current measuring instrument (adopting a clamp type current meter or a sensor), the real-time measurement result is processed by the computer, and then can be displayed on a display screen in various forms (such as tables, images and the like), wherein the initial position A and the end position C are symmetrical about the geometric central point B of the superconducting coil, the axial geometric central point of the superconducting coil II is the central point of the motion range of the permanent magnet I, and the motion interval is larger than the geometric height of the superconducting coil II. The real-time measurement result comprises the real-time position of the permanent magnet (I), the stress magnitude of the permanent magnet at the position and the maximum induced current value in the superconducting coil (II).
After the measurement process is completed, the inductance value of the superconducting coil can be conveniently calculated by using the real-time measurement result and the following formula.
Due to the zero resistance characteristic of the superconductor, when the permanent magnet passes through the closed superconducting coil in the manner shown in fig. 1, the induced current generated in the superconducting coil is proportional to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet surrounded by the coil, and the curve of the electromagnetic interaction force between the superconducting coil and the permanent magnet as a function of displacement and the curve of the current change in the superconducting coil are shown in fig. 2.
In the whole process of analyzing the movement of the permanent magnet shown in fig. 1 from the energy angle, when the permanent magnet moves from the point a to the point B where the axial geometric center points of the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil are coincident with each other, the work done by overcoming the ampere force in the process is converted into electromagnetic energy stored in the superconducting coil, when the permanent magnet moves to the point B, the electromagnetic energy in the coil reaches the maximum value, and when the permanent magnet continues to move to the point C through the point B, the ampere force acts outwards, and the electromagnetic energy in the coil is converted into mechanical force again to do work outwards.
According to the energy conversion relation, the electromagnetic energy E stored in the superconducting coil when the permanent magnet moves to the point BEnergy storageEqual to the work W against the Ampere force in the first half (A to B)F_aEnergy loss in the process ELoss _ aA difference of (a) and (b) at the same timeEnergy storageAlso equal to the work W exerted externally by the second half of the process (B to C) of ampere forceF_bAnd the energy loss in this process ELoss _ bCan be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002786220250000041
due to the good symmetry before and after the whole process, the energy loss in the first half process is equal to the energy loss in the second half process. Thus, superimposing the above two equations yields:
2Eenergy storage＝WF_a+WF_b
Energy E stored in superconducting coilsEnergy storageFormula expressed by available electric energy
Figure BDA0002786220250000042
A calculation is made with twice the value equal to the integral of the whole process ampere force versus displacement, i.e. with:
LI2＝∫|F|dx
the above formula transforms to:
Figure BDA0002786220250000043
wherein, L is the inductance value of the superconducting coil to be measured, F is the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet, I is the maximum current of a single turn in the superconducting coil, and x is the displacement of the permanent magnet.
The invention may be implemented by a set of tension measuring systems, as shown in fig. 3, comprising: dynamometer, permanent magnet (neodymium iron boron magnet is selected here), mechanical lifting mechanism (controlled and driven by controllable driving motor and control system), switch set ninthly, measuring platform r and clamp type current measuring instrument (clamp type current sensor is adopted here). FIG. 4 shows that a high temperature superconducting material Bi is used in this embodiment2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10The manufactured superconducting coil (arranged in a Dewar capable of containing liquid nitrogen) is a 30-turn double-pancake coil with the inner diameter of 60mm, the outer diameter of 65mm and the height of 10mm, and the Dewar for arranging the superconducting coil is made of glass fiber reinforced plastics. The diameter of the permanent magnet is 20mm, the height is 20mm, and the surface magnetic density is 0.25T.
As shown in fig. 5, during measurement, the superconducting coil is first placed in a dewar mounted on a fixed platform, and a clamp type current measuring instrument is mounted, the superconducting coil is cooled to be in a superconducting state, and the permanent magnet is driven by a controllable driving motor or manually driven to pass through the superconducting coil at a certain speed. The force applied to different points of the permanent magnet in the movement process is measured through the dynamometer, meanwhile, the induced current in the superconducting coil is measured through the clamp type current measuring instrument, and the measured data are transmitted to the computer data analysis system. The corresponding Ampere force and current curves or data tables are then presented on the display screen after processing by the computer data system, as shown in FIG. 6. The inductance value of the 30-turn superconducting coil can be obtained by analyzing and calculating the calculation formula provided by the invention by combining the recorded data with the calculation formula through a computer:
Figure BDA0002786220250000051
while the present invention has been described in terms of its functions and operations with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise functions and operations described above, and that the above-described embodiments are illustrative rather than restrictive, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (5)

1. A new method for measuring inductance of a superconducting coil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the superconducting coil is fixed on the measuring platform, the permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the dynamometer through the rigid nonmagnetic straight rod, and the permanent magnet and the superconducting coil are arranged along the same central axis;
the control system controls the controllable driving motor, the dynamometer and the permanent magnet move from an initial position to a final position along a central axis at a certain speed through the mechanical lifting mechanism under the action of the controllable driving motor, the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet at different points is measured by the dynamometer in real time in the whole moving process, meanwhile, the induced current in the superconducting coil is measured in real time through the clamp type current measuring instrument, the real-time measuring result is displayed on a display screen after being processed by a computer, and the inductance value of the superconducting coil is calculated by utilizing the real-time measuring result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the superconducting coil is mounted in a dewar mounted on a measuring platform, and a coolant is added to the dewar to cool the superconducting coil so that the superconducting coil is in a superconducting state during the measuring process.
3. The new superconducting coil inductance measuring method according to claim 1, wherein the start position and the end position are point-symmetric with respect to a geometric center of the superconducting coil.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the superconducting coil is a closed coil connected end to end.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the inductance value of the superconducting coil is calculated from the real-time measurement result according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002786220240000011
wherein, L is the inductance value of the superconducting coil to be measured, F is the ampere force borne by the permanent magnet, I is the maximum current of a single turn in the superconducting coil, and x is the displacement of the permanent magnet.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113193722A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-07-30 天津大学 Energy conversion/storage device with enhanced efficiency and capacity and permanent magnet structure thereof

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CN113193722A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-07-30 天津大学 Energy conversion/storage device with enhanced efficiency and capacity and permanent magnet structure thereof
CN113193722B (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-09-27 天津大学 Energy conversion/storage device with enhanced efficiency and capacity and permanent magnet structure thereof

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