CN110658483A - Device and method for testing interaction force of high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnet - Google Patents
Device and method for testing interaction force of high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnet Download PDFInfo
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- CN110658483A CN110658483A CN201911071064.XA CN201911071064A CN110658483A CN 110658483 A CN110658483 A CN 110658483A CN 201911071064 A CN201911071064 A CN 201911071064A CN 110658483 A CN110658483 A CN 110658483A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing interaction force of a high-temperature superconductor and a permanent magnet, and belongs to the field of superconduction. The testing device comprises a superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly, a permanent magnet assembly, a high-temperature superconductor assembly and a data acquisition and processing unit, wherein the superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly comprises a base, a linear permanent magnet track and a Dewar part, the linear permanent magnet track is used for being installed on the base and has an adjustable gradient, the Dewar part is used for being suspended on the linear permanent magnet track, and the permanent magnet assembly comprises a first support and a permanent magnet, the first support is used for being installed on the Dewar part and has a first plane, and the permanent magnet is used for being placed on; the high-temperature superconductor component comprises a second support, a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, an open Dewar and a high-temperature superconductor, wherein the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit is used for being installed on the second support; the data acquisition processing unit comprises a displacement detection sensor for acquiring the displacement of the first Dewar and an upper computer connected with the displacement detection sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of superconduction, in particular to a device and a method for testing interaction force of a high-temperature superconductor and a permanent magnet at a meter-level distance.
Background
Because the static magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet is rapidly attenuated along with the increase of the space distance, the traditional application research of the self-stability characteristic of the high-temperature superconductor flux pinning effect mainly focuses on the short-distance interaction in order to obtain stronger interaction force. Typical applications include high-temperature superconducting permanent magnet suspension trains, high-temperature superconducting magnetic bearings, high-temperature superconducting motors, and the like.
Besides the application of near-distance interaction, the high-temperature superconducting magnetic flux pinning self-stability characteristic is very suitable for the application of on-orbit assembly, group attitude maintenance and the like of a spacecraft. However, to realize the specific application in the space field, the interaction characteristics of the high-temperature superconductor and the magnet at the distance of the decimeter level must be measured, so as to provide feasible basis for the space manipulation application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the interaction force of a high-temperature superconductor and a permanent magnet on a decimeter-level distance.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the device comprises a superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly, a permanent magnet assembly, a high-temperature superconductor assembly and a data acquisition and processing unit, wherein the superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly comprises a base, a linear permanent magnet rail and a Dewar part, the linear permanent magnet rail is used for being installed on the base, the gradient of the linear permanent magnet rail is adjustable, the Dewar part is used for being suspended on the linear permanent magnet rail, and the Dewar part comprises a first Dewar with a liquid nitrogen injection port and a first superconducting block positioned in the first Dewar; the permanent magnet assembly comprises a first bracket and a permanent magnet, wherein the first bracket is used for being installed on the Dewar part and is provided with a first plane, and the permanent magnet is used for being placed on the first plane; the high-temperature superconductor component comprises a second bracket, a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, an open Dewar and a high-temperature superconductor, wherein the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit is used for being installed on the second bracket; the data acquisition processing unit comprises a displacement detection sensor for acquiring the displacement of the first Dewar and an upper computer connected with the displacement detection sensor.
Further, orbital one end of sharp permanent magnetism is articulated with the base, the other end passes through the orbital slope of first adjustable part regulation sharp permanent magnetism, first adjustable part includes the lead screw, be located on the base and can follow the gliding wedge slider of sharp permanent magnetism track direction and install on the base, and with orbital other end complex guide block of sharp permanent magnetism, lead screw one end run through behind the guide block with wedge slider threaded connection, the other end of lead screw is provided with handle portion, lead screw axis is parallel with the orbital direction of sharp permanent magnetism when the slope is zero all the time.
Further, the dewar part further comprises a second dewar with a liquid nitrogen injection port and a second superconducting block positioned in the second dewar, and the first bracket is mounted on the first dewar and the second dewar.
Furthermore, the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit comprises two Y-axis slide rails and two X-axis slide rails arranged on the second support, X-axis slide blocks are arranged on the X-axis slide rails, the two Y-axis slide rails are connected with the two X-axis slide blocks through bearing frames, Y-axis slide blocks are arranged on the Y-axis slide rails, a platform frame used for installing an open Dewar is arranged on the two Y-axis slide blocks, the installed open Dewar is located outside the platform frame, and locking fixing pieces are arranged on the X-axis slide blocks and the Y-axis slide blocks.
Further, the vertical height of the first bracket is greater than or equal to 1 m.
On the other hand, a method for testing a testing device designed by the scheme is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track to be 0 degree, and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen injection port to enable the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly to be suspended on the linear permanent magnet track;
s2, adjusting the X-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor to be between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limiting plate and the X-axis coordinate of the terminal limiting plate by adopting a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, and enabling the distance between the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet in the Y-axis direction to be a first set distance; adjusting the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor to be parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet and perpendicular to the plane of the XY coordinate system, wherein the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track are parallel to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor;
s3, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track to a first set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move towards the terminal limiting plate;
s4, moving the first support to a first set position, and then collecting and recording the motion process data of the first Dewar by using a displacement detection sensor and an upper computer;
s5, enabling the coordinate of the geometric center X axis of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor to be the same as the coordinate of the geometric center X axis of the working surface of the permanent magnet by the mobile terminal limiting plate, and injecting liquid nitrogen into the open Dewar to enable the high-temperature superconductor to enter a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet;
s6, limiting the board to the initial position by the mobile terminal, and after repeating the step S4, entering the step S7;
s7, calculating the relation between the tangential action distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet under the set field cold distance by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S4 and S6; thereafter, the flow proceeds to step S8;
s8, after the step S1 is executed, the terminal limiting plate is adjusted to a second set position, the position of the high-temperature superconductor is adjusted by the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, so that the X-axis coordinate of the permanent magnet is located between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limiting plate and the X-axis coordinate of the high-temperature superconductor, the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor is the same as the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the permanent magnet, and meanwhile, the distance between the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet in the; the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor is parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet and is vertical to the plane of the XY coordinate system, and the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track are vertical to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor;
s9, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track to a second set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move towards the terminal limiting plate;
s10, moving the first support to a third set position, and then collecting and recording the motion process data of the first Dewar by using a displacement detection sensor and an upper computer;
s11, moving the terminal limiting plate to a fourth set position in the direction of the initial limiting plate, and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the open Dewar to enable the high-temperature superconductor to enter a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet;
s12, limiting the plate by the mobile terminal to a second set position, then moving the first support to a third set position, and then collecting and recording the motion process data of the first Dewar by using the displacement detection sensor and the upper computer;
and S13, calculating the relationship between the axial action distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet under the set field cooling distance by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S10 and S12.
Further, the calculation formula of the relationship between the tangential acting distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet at the set field-cooling interval is as follows:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; delta s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Respectively in a field cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor at the end of the kth sampling period is the displacement change value in the periods of S, kth and k-1 sampling periods; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value of the displacement detection sensor in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part.
Further, the calculation formula of the relationship between the axial action distance and the action force of the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet at the set field cooling interval is as follows:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; delta s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Respectively in a field-cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value at the end of the kth sampling period of the displacement detection sensor is SThe displacement variation value during the kth and k-1 sampling period; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value of the displacement detection sensor in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the arrangement of the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit and the first support enables the set distance between the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet to be adjusted on the distance of a decimeter grade, and a connecting line between the centers of the working surfaces of the high-temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet can be perpendicular to and parallel to the direction of the permanent magnet track, so that a foundation is laid for testing.
The displacement detection sensor is used for measuring and collecting the motion process data of the first Dewar (namely the permanent magnet), and the method has the characteristics of high response speed and high precision. The relation calculation of the tangential and axial acting distance and the acting force of the temperature superconducting block and the permanent magnet under the set field cold distance is realized based on the acquired data, so that the interactive acting force test of the high temperature superconductor and the permanent magnet at the meter-level distance is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention in an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the wedge-shaped slider of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial schematic view of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a partial schematic structural view of an axial test using the test apparatus shown in fig. 1.
Wherein, 1, a handle part; 2. a guide block; 3. a wedge-shaped slider; 4. an initial limiting plate; 5. a linear permanent magnet track; 6. an upper computer; 7. a terminal limiting plate; 8. a first bracket; 9. a permanent magnet; 10. opening a dewar; 11. a high temperature superconductor; 12. a platform frame; 13. a Y-axis slide rail; 14. an X-axis slide rail; 15. a second bracket; 16. a second dewar; 17. a first dewar; 18. and a displacement detection sensor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It should be understood that the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for testing interaction force between a high-temperature superconductor and a permanent magnet at a decimeter-level distance comprises a superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly, a permanent magnet assembly, a high-temperature superconductor assembly and a data acquisition and processing unit, wherein the superconducting permanent magnet suspension assembly comprises a base, a linear permanent magnet rail 5 which is arranged on the base and has an adjustable slope, and a dewar part which is suspended on the linear permanent magnet rail 5, and comprises a first dewar 17 with a liquid nitrogen injection port and a first superconducting block positioned in the first dewar 17; the permanent magnet assembly comprises a first bracket 8 which is used for being installed on the Dewar part and is provided with a first plane, and a permanent magnet 9 which is used for being placed on the first plane; the high-temperature superconductor component comprises a second bracket 15, a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit arranged on the second bracket 15, an open Dewar 10 arranged on the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, and a high-temperature superconductor 11 arranged in the open Dewar 10, wherein the high-temperature superconductor 11 is matched with the permanent magnet 9; the data acquisition processing unit comprises a displacement detection sensor 18 for acquiring the displacement of the first Dewar 17 and an upper computer 6 for connecting with the displacement detection sensor 18.
The working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 is the only and certainly best-performing surface thereof, and the working surface of the permanent magnet 9 is the N-pole surface or S-pole surface thereof.
In implementation, the displacement detection sensor 18 is preferably a laser displacement detection sensor 18, so that better response speed and higher precision are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, one end of a linear permanent magnet track 5 is hinged to a base, the other end of the linear permanent magnet track 5 adjusts the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track 5 through a first adjustable component, the first adjustable component comprises a screw rod, a wedge-shaped slider 3 which is positioned on the base and can slide along the direction of the linear permanent magnet track 5, and a guide block 2 which is installed on the base and matched with the other end of the linear permanent magnet track 5, one end of the screw rod penetrates through the guide block 2 and then is in threaded connection with the wedge-shaped slider 3, the other end of the screw rod is provided with a handle part 1, and the axis of the screw rod is always parallel to the direction. During the concrete application, as shown in fig. 1, the other end of straight line permanent magnetism track 5 is placed in 3 tops of wedge slider, and the similar ball screw structure of first adjustable part, because wedge slider 3 is unable rotatory when the lead screw is rotatory, consequently wedge slider 3 can only follow 5 direction back-and-forth movements of lead screw direction straight line permanent magnetism track, and then changes the contact point of straight line permanent magnetism track 5 and wedge slider 3 to change the height of the 5 other ends of straight line permanent magnetism track, realize the regulation of the 5 slopes of straight line permanent magnetism track.
As shown in fig. 1, the dewar portion further includes a second dewar 16 having a liquid nitrogen injection port and a second superconducting block located inside the second dewar 16, and the first bracket 8 is mounted on the first dewar 17 and the second dewar 16. During application, the first dewar 17, the second dewar 16, the second support 15 and the permanent magnet 9 move synchronously.
As shown in fig. 1, the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit includes two Y-axis slide rails 13 and two X-axis slide rails 14 for being installed on the second support 15, an X-axis slider is installed on the X-axis slide rail 14, the two Y-axis slide rails 13 are connected with the two X-axis slider through a bearing frame, a Y-axis slider is installed on the Y-axis slide rail 13, a platform frame 12 for installing the open dewar 10 is installed on the two Y-axis slider, the installed open dewar 10 is located outside the platform frame 12, and locking fixtures are installed on the X-axis slider and the Y-axis slider. The locking fixing piece can be a bolt penetrating through the sliding block and used for abutting against the corresponding sliding rail at the tail end, and therefore when needed, the sliding block is prevented from displacing relative to the sliding rail.
Wherein the vertical height of the first support 8 is more than or equal to 1m so as to reduce the influence of the magnetic field of the linear permanent magnet track 5 on the high-temperature superconductor 11. Specifically, the high-temperature superconductor 11 has a size of 40mm × 40mm × 20mm, and its working surface is a 40mm × 40mm surface.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the linear permanent magnet rail 5 includes a first permanent magnet having an N pole facing the positive direction of the Y axis, a second permanent magnet having an N pole facing the positive direction of the Z axis, a third permanent magnet having an N pole facing the negative direction of the Y axis, a fourth permanent magnet having an N pole facing the negative direction of the Z axis, a fifth permanent magnet having an N pole facing the positive direction of the Y axis, a sixth permanent magnet having an N pole facing the positive direction of the Z axis, and a seventh permanent magnet having an N pole facing the negative direction of the Y axis, which are sequentially connected.
On the other hand, the scheme also provides a test method of the test device designed based on the scheme, which comprises the following steps (in the following test method, the determination of the distance, the coordinate and the gradient can be realized by setting scales at corresponding positions of the test device):
s1, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet rail 5 to be 0 degree, and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen injection port to enable the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly to be suspended on the linear permanent magnet rail 5.
S2, adjusting the coordinate of the X axis of the geometric center of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 to the position between the coordinate of the X axis of the initial limiting plate 4 and the coordinate of the X axis of the terminal limiting plate 7 by adopting a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, and enabling the distance between the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 in the Y axis direction to be a first set distance (the first set distance is a set field-cooling distance under the tangential action); and adjusting the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 to be parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet 9 and perpendicular to the plane of the XY coordinate system, wherein the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track 5 are both parallel to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11.
S3, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track 5 to a first set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move towards the terminal limiting plate 7.
And S4, moving the first support 8 to a first set position, and then acquiring and recording the motion process data of the first Dewar 17 by using the displacement detection sensor 18 and the upper computer 6. The first set position is generally based on the contact between the first bracket 8 and the initial limit plate 4, and the dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly move towards the terminal limit plate 7 synchronously along the direction of the linear permanent magnet track 5 after hands are released.
S5, the mobile terminal limiting plate 7 enables the coordinate of the geometric center X axis of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 to be the same as the coordinate of the geometric center X axis of the working surface of the permanent magnet 9, and liquid nitrogen is injected into the open Dewar 10 to enable the high-temperature superconductor 11 to enter a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet 9.
S6, the mobile terminal restricts the plate 7 to the initial position, and after repeating step S4, the process proceeds to step S7.
S7, calculating the relation between the tangential action distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 under the set field cold distance by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S4 and S6; thereafter, the process proceeds to step S8.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the relationship between the tangential acting distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 at the set field-cooling interval is as follows:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Respectively in a field-cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor 18 at the end of the kth sampling period is the displacement change value in the periods of S, kth and k-1 sampling periods; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor 18 at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part. That is, according to the results of two detections by the displacement detection sensor 18 (in the field-cooled superconducting state and in the non-superconducting state), when the result is the same working distance S (according to the actual situation, the two times of S may not be absolutely the same, and may be within a certain error range, for example, when one S in the field-cooled superconducting state is 56.538mm, but all S in the non-superconducting state is not 56.538mm, the value closest to 56.538mm is 56.544mm, when the rule of rounding and keeping two decimal places is followed, the two values are the same, and the corresponding related data of the two values are calculated), the related data is substituted into the above formula, and the magnitude of the acting force F is obtained when the tangential working distance is S at the first set distance. The related data under different S are respectively substituted into the formula to obtain the tangential action distance and the acting force under the first set intervalThe relationship of size.
S8, after the step S1 is executed, as shown in FIG. 6, the terminal position limiting plate 7 is adjusted to a second set position, the position of the high temperature superconductor 11 is adjusted by adopting a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, so that the X-axis coordinate of the permanent magnet 9 is positioned between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limit plate 4 and the X-axis coordinate of the high-temperature superconductor 11 (namely, in the later stage of the movement process of the Dewar 16 (including the situation that the Dewar 16 is limited by the terminal limit plate 7 and is positioned at the terminal), the X-axis coordinate of the permanent magnet 9 is always positioned between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limit plate 4 and the X-axis coordinate of the high-temperature superconductor 11), and the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 is the same as the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the permanent magnet 9, meanwhile, the distance between the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 in the X-axis direction is a second set distance (the distance is smaller and is generally less than or equal to 30mm, and only the open Dewar 10 and the permanent magnet 9 are ensured not to be in contact with each other); and the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11 is parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet 9 and is vertical to the plane of the XY coordinate system, and the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track 5 are vertical to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor 11. The second set distance in this step is not limited to be different from the first set distance in step S2, and the set distance in the axial test process and the set distance in the tangential test process are independent from each other.
And S9, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track 5 to a second set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move towards the terminal limiting plate 7. The second setting value in this step is not limited to be different from the first setting value in step S3, and the second setting value in the axial test process is independent from the first setting value in the tangential test process, and does not affect each other.
S10, moving the first support 8 to a third set position, and then acquiring and recording motion process data of the first Dewar 17 by using the displacement detection sensor 18 and the upper computer 6; in this step, the third setting position is not limited to be different from the first setting position in step S4, and the dewar portion and the permanent magnet assembly may be moved in synchronization with each other toward the end position restricting plate 7 along the direction of the linear permanent magnet rail 5 based on the contact of the first carriage 8 with the initial position restricting plate 4.
S11, moving the terminal limiting plate 7 to a fourth setting position (at this time, the dewar 16 is still located at the end point limited by the mobile terminal limiting plate 7, so that a fourth setting distance (the fourth setting distance is a setting field-cooling distance under an axial action) between the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 in the X-axis direction is greater than the second setting distance and smaller than a third setting distance between the first bracket and the open dewar 10 in the X-axis direction) in the direction of the initial limiting plate 4, and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the open dewar 10 so that the high-temperature superconductor 11 enters a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet 9.
S12, moving the mobile terminal limiting plate 7 to a second set position, then moving the first support 8 to a third set position, and then collecting and recording the motion process data of the first Dewar 17 by using the displacement detection sensor 18 and the upper computer 6.
And S13, calculating the relationship between the axial acting distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 under the set field cooling interval by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S10 and S12.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the relationship between the axial acting distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor 11 and the permanent magnet 9 at the set field cooling interval is as follows:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Respectively in a field-cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor 18 at the end of the kth sampling period is the displacement change value in the periods of S, kth and k-1 sampling periods; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor 18 at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part. That is, when the result is the same working distance S according to the results of two detections (in the field-cooled superconducting state and the non-superconducting state) by the displacement detecting sensor 18 (according to the actual situation, the two detections S may not be absolutely the same, but are at a certain valueWithin the error range. If a certain S in the field cooling superconducting state is 56.538mm, but all S in the non-superconducting state has no 56.538mm, the value closest to 56.538mm is 56.544mm, when the rule of rounding and reserving two decimal places is followed, the two values are the same, and the corresponding related data of the two values are taken to calculate), the related data are substituted into the formula, and the magnitude of the acting force F is obtained when the axial acting distance is S at the fourth set distance. And (4) substituting the related data under different S into the above formula respectively to obtain the relationship between the axial action distance and the action force at the fourth set interval.
In one embodiment, the levitation gap between the first dewar 17 and the linear permanent magnet track 5 is 5mm, the first set distance is 100mm, the second set distance is 30mm, the fourth set distance is 65mm, and the displacement detecting sensor 18 is a laser displacement sensor.
The testing device designed based on the scheme utilizes the displacement detection sensor 18 to collect the motion process data, and the collected data has high accuracy, so that the whole testing result has high accuracy.
Claims (8)
1. High temperature superconductor and permanent magnet interaction force testing arrangement on decimetre level distance, its characterized in that, including superconductive permanent magnetism suspension subassembly, permanent magnet subassembly, high temperature superconductor subassembly and data acquisition processing unit, superconductive permanent magnetism suspension subassembly includes the base, is used for installing on the base and slope adjustable sharp permanent magnetism track (5) and be used for suspending the dewar portion on sharp permanent magnetism track (5), dewar portion is including first dewar (17) that have the liquid nitrogen filling opening and the first superconductive piece that is located first dewar (17); the permanent magnet assembly comprises a first bracket (8) which is used for being installed on the Dewar part and is provided with a first plane, and a permanent magnet (9) which is used for being placed on the first plane; the high-temperature superconductor assembly comprises a second support (15), a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit arranged on the second support (15), an open Dewar (10) arranged on the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, and a high-temperature superconductor (11) arranged in the open Dewar (10), wherein the high-temperature superconductor (11) is matched with a permanent magnet (9); the data acquisition and processing unit comprises a displacement detection sensor (18) for acquiring the displacement of the first Dewar (17) and an upper computer (6) connected with the displacement detection sensor (18).
2. The testing device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the linear permanent magnet track (5) is hinged to a base, the other end of the linear permanent magnet track (5) adjusts the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track through a first adjustable component, the first adjustable component comprises a screw rod, a wedge-shaped sliding block (3) which is located on the base and can slide along the direction of the linear permanent magnet track (5), and a guide block (2) which is installed on the base and matched with the other end of the linear permanent magnet track (5), one end of the screw rod penetrates through the guide block (2) and then is in threaded connection with the wedge-shaped sliding block (3), the other end of the screw rod is provided with a handle portion (1), and the axis of the screw rod is always parallel to the direction of the linear permanent magnet track (5) when the gradient is zero.
3. The testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that said dewar further comprises a second dewar (16) having an injection port for liquid nitrogen and a second superconducting block located inside the second dewar (16), said first bracket (8) being mounted on the first dewar (17) and on the second dewar (16).
4. The testing device according to claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional movable adjustable unit comprises two Y-axis slide rails (13) and two X-axis slide rails (14) arranged on the second support (15), wherein an X-axis slide block is arranged on each X-axis slide rail (14), the two Y-axis slide rails (13) are connected with the two X-axis slide blocks through a bearing frame, the Y-axis slide rails (13) are provided with Y-axis slide blocks, the two Y-axis slide blocks are provided with platform frames (12) used for installing the open Dewar (10), the installed open Dewar (10) is positioned outside the platform frames (12), and locking fixing pieces are arranged on the X-axis slide blocks and the Y-axis slide blocks.
5. A testing device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the vertical height of the first holder (8) is 1m or more.
6. A test method based on the test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
s1, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet rail (5) to be 0 degree, and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen injection port to enable the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly to be suspended on the linear permanent magnet rail (5);
s2, adjusting the geometric center X-axis coordinate of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11) to a position between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limiting plate (4) and the X-axis coordinate of the terminal limiting plate (7) by adopting a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, and enabling the distance between the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) in the Y-axis direction to be a first set distance; the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11) is adjusted to be parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet (9) and perpendicular to the plane of the XY coordinate system, and the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track (5) are parallel to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11);
s3, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track (5) to a first set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move to the terminal limiting plate (7);
s4, moving the first support (8) to a first set position, and then collecting and recording motion process data of the first Dewar (17) by using the displacement detection sensor (18) and the upper computer (6);
s5, enabling the geometric center X-axis coordinate of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11) to be the same as the geometric center X-axis coordinate of the working surface of the permanent magnet (9) through the mobile terminal limiting plate (7), and injecting liquid nitrogen into the open Dewar (10) to enable the high-temperature superconductor (11) to enter a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet (9);
s6, the mobile terminal limiting plate (7) is moved to the initial position, and after the step S4 is repeated, the process goes to the step S7;
s7, calculating the relationship between the tangential action distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) under the set field-cooling interval by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S4 and S6; thereafter, the flow proceeds to step S8;
s8, after the step S1 is executed, the terminal limiting plate (7) is adjusted to a second set position, the position of the high-temperature superconductor (11) is adjusted by adopting a two-dimensional movable adjustable unit, so that the X-axis coordinate of the permanent magnet (9) is located between the X-axis coordinate of the initial limiting plate (4) and the X-axis coordinate of the high-temperature superconductor (11), the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11) is the same as the Y-axis coordinate of the geometric center of the working surface of the permanent magnet (9), and meanwhile, the distance between the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) in the X; the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11) is parallel to the working surface of the permanent magnet (9) and is vertical to the plane of an XY coordinate system, and the directions of the X axis and the linear permanent magnet track (5) are vertical to the working surface of the high-temperature superconductor (11);
s9, adjusting the gradient of the linear permanent magnet track (5) to a second set value, so that the Dewar part and the permanent magnet assembly can synchronously move to the terminal limiting plate (7);
s10, moving the first support (8) to a third set position, and then collecting and recording motion process data of the first Dewar (17) by using the displacement detection sensor (18) and the upper computer (6);
s11, moving the terminal limit plate (7) to a fourth set position in the direction of the initial limit plate (4), and then injecting liquid nitrogen into the open Dewar (10) to enable the high-temperature superconductor (11) to enter a field-cooling superconducting state under the action of the magnetic field environment of the permanent magnet (9);
s12, moving the mobile terminal limiting plate (7) to a second set position, then moving the first support (8) to a third set position, and then collecting and recording motion process data of the first Dewar (17) by using the displacement detection sensor (18) and the upper computer (6);
and S13, calculating the relationship between the axial action distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) under the set field cooling interval by using the data of the two motion processes obtained in the steps S10 and S12.
7. The test method according to claim 6, wherein the relationship between the tangential acting distance and the acting force of the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) at the set field-cooling interval is calculated according to the following formula:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; delta s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Are respectively provided withIn a field cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor (18) at the end of the kth sampling period is the displacement change value in the kth and k-1 sampling periods under S; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor (18) at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part.
8. The test method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the relationship between the axial working distance and the force magnitude of the high-temperature superconductor (11) and the permanent magnet (9) at the set field-cooling interval is calculated as follows:
F＝2·M·(Δs′k-Δs′k-1-Δsi+Δsi-1)·Δt2
wherein F is the acting force under the acting distance S; delta s'kAnd Δ s'k-1Respectively in a field-cooling superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor (18) at the end of the kth sampling period is the displacement change value in the periods of the kth and k-1 sampling periods under S; Δ siAnd Δ si-1In a non-superconducting state, and the distance sampling value of the displacement detection sensor (18) at the end of the ith sampling period is the displacement change value in the ith and i-1 sampling periods under S; Δ t is the time interval of the sampling period; m is the total mass of the permanent magnet assembly, the Dewar part and liquid nitrogen in the Dewar part.
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