CN112457335A - 基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料、其合成方法及其应用 - Google Patents
基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料、其合成方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于有机染料化合物及领域,具体涉及一种基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料、其合成方法及其应用。本发明以四苯基乙烯为电子供体,氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)为电子受体,以2,4‑二硝基苯磺酰基为硫化氢的反应位点合成了一类新型的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料,该有机染料为本发明首次合成,原料易得,过程简单,可产业化。且该有机染料对硫化氢的检测具有高选择性和高灵敏度,能够实现对硫化氢的快速检测,并伴随有荧光开启的现象,在环境硫化氢的检测和生物医学领域硫化氢信号分子的检测具有广泛的价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机染料化合物及小分子荧光探针领域,具体涉及一种基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料、其合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
硫化氢(H2S)被认为是生物体内继一氧化氮和一氧化碳之后的第三种气体递质。细胞内硫化氢主要是由L-半胱氨酸(Cys)通过独特的酶促途径生成,这些酶包括胱硫醚β-合成酶(CBS),胱硫醚γ-裂合酶(CSE)和3-巯基丙酮酸硫转移酶(3-MST)。硫化氢可以在生理水平上调节细胞内的氧化还原状态和基本的信号传导过程。细胞中异常的硫化氢表达水平会诱发多种疾病,如肝硬化,癌症,阿尔茨海默症等。
传统的硫化氢检测方法主要有电化学分析法、比色法、色谱分析法等。这些方法操作流程相对繁琐,而且对样品预处理复杂容易损坏样品。荧光探针检测法相比于传统的硫化氢检测方法具有选择性好,灵敏度高,而且对样品破坏性小等优点。当然,在生物体内,硫化氢具有分布广,浓度低等特征。因此如何准确检测生物体内内源性硫化氢仍然面临着巨大的挑战。荧光探针的设计和合成可以采用模块化策略,可以利用硫化氢的化学性质构建合适的硫化氢响应基团再结合上高效的荧光团。目前,已经报道了一些有机小分子荧光探针用于硫化氢的分析检测,但是通常存在着响应时间长,易受生物硫醇干扰等缺点。
氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料在进入21世纪之后,由于其优异的光物理性能而受到科学家们广泛关注。氟硼二吡咯结构染料具有以下几个方面的优势:高摩尔消光系数,高荧光量子产率,高光热和化学稳定性,较窄的荧光光谱峰宽等。有优良荧光性能的氟硼二吡咯结构染料具备了作为高性能荧光团的潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足,而提供一种基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料、其合成方法及其应用。
本发明的第一方面,提供一种基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料,该有机染料的结构通式为:
其中:R为H、卤素、C1~C20的直链烷氧基、C1~C20的支链烷氧基、C1~C20的二烷基氨基。
优选地,其中R为H。
本发明的第二方面,提供如上述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)化合物1与化合物3反应得到化合物2;
所述化合物1的结构式为:
所述化合物3的结构式为:
所述化合物2的结构式为:
(2)将化合物2与二硝基苯磺酰氯反应,得到如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料。
优选地,步骤(1)中,化合物1与化合物3溶解在THF中,加入K2CO3水溶液和催化剂,在惰性气体保护下加热回流反应,待反应结束后,分离提纯得到化合物2。
优选地,其中,化合物1、化合物3、K2CO3、催化剂的摩尔比为1:2.2:6:0.05。
优选地,所述催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4。
优选地,步骤(2)中,以无水二氯甲烷为溶剂,加入化合物2、三乙胺,在惰性气体保护下,冰浴条件下搅拌,然后滴加含有2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完毕后,在常温下反应,待反应结束后,分离提纯得到如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料。
本发明的第三方面,提供如上述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于制备硫化氢检测试剂的应用。
本发明的第四方面,提供如上述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于硫化氢检测的应用,其特征在于:所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料与H2S作用之后,出现荧光“turn-on”现象。
本发明的第五方面,提供如上述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于细胞内硫化氢检测的应用。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)本发明以四苯基乙烯为电子供体,氟硼二吡咯(BODIPY)为电子受体,以2,4-二硝基苯磺酰基为硫化氢的反应位点合成了一类新型的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料,该有机染料为本发明首次合成,原料易得,过程简单,可产业化,具有较强的商业价值。
(2)本发明提供的有机染料在THF/PBS(v/v=1/1,pH=7.4)溶液中与硫化氢作用之后,紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱都发生了明显的变化,因此该类有机染料可以实现对硫化氢的可视化检测。
(3)本发明提供的有机染料对硫化氢的检测具有良好的选择性和抗干扰能力,F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,NO3 -,CO3 2-,PO4 3-,S2O5-,SO3 2-,HSO3 -,S2O5 -,S2O8 2-,H2O2,丙氨酸(Ala),脯氨酸(Pro),谷氨酸(Glu),谷氨酰胺(Gln),甲硫氨酸(Met),精氨酸(Arg),丝氨酸(Ser),苏氨酸(Thr),天冬酰胺(Asn),组氨酸(His),半胱氨酸(Cys),高半胱氨酸(Hcy),谷胱甘肽(GSH)等离子和氨基酸都不会对该有机染料对硫化氢的检测造成干扰。
(4)本发明提供的有机染料对硫化氢的检测具有很高的灵敏度,达到了纳摩尔级别,这为细胞内源性硫化氢检测实验提供了支持。
(5)本发明提供的有机染料对硫化氢的检测是基于硫化氢的亲核性,硫化氢对有机染料发生的亲核取代反应。
(6)本发明提供的有机染料能够快速的进入细胞,并实现结肠癌细胞中内源性硫化氢的检测。
综上所述,本发明提供一种新的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料,该有机小分子荧光探针制备简单,对硫化氢的检测具有高选择性和高灵敏度,能够实现对硫化氢的快速检测,并伴随有荧光开启的现象,在环境硫化氢的检测和生物医学领域硫化氢信号分子的检测具有广泛的价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,根据这些附图获得其他的附图仍属于本发明的范畴。
图1为实施例1的合成路线图;
图2(a)为实施例1中所合成的染料在THF/PBS缓冲液(v/v=1/1,pH=7.4)溶剂中(染料浓度:10μM)与H2S(150μM)反应前后的紫外可见吸收光谱图,图2(b)为染料在THF/PBS缓冲液(v/v=1/1,pH=7.4)溶剂中(染料浓度:10μM)与H2S(150μM)反应前后的荧光发射光谱图;
图3(a)为实施例1中所合成的染料在THF/PBS缓冲液(v/v=1/1,pH=7.4)溶剂中(浓度:10μM)与测试样品(150μM)反应后的荧光强度柱状图,图3(b)为染料在THF/PBS缓冲液(v/v=1/1,pH=7.4)溶剂中(浓度:10μM)与H2S(150μM)和其他测试样品共同存在反应后的荧光强度柱状图;测试样品:1.Free,2.Br-,3.CO3 2-,4.F-,5.I-,6.Cl-,7.SO3 2-,8.HSO3 -,9.S2O5 -,10.S2O8 2-,11.NO3 -,12.PO4 3-,13.H2O2,14.Ala,15.Pro,16.Gln,17.Glu,18.Met,19.Arg,20.Ser,21.Thr,22.Asn,23.His,24.Cys,25.GSH,26.Hcy.27.H2S;
图4(a)为实施例1中合成的染料(10μM)与不同浓度H2S(5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,60,70,80,90,100,150,200,300μM)反应后的荧光光谱变化图,图4(b)为实施例1中合成染料(10μM)的荧光强度与H2S浓度(1-7μM)的线性关系图;
图5为实施例1中合成的染料在氘代DMSO中滴加不同当量H2S的核磁氢谱变化图;
图6为实施例1中合成的染料在结肠癌细胞(HCT116)中与内源性H2S反应后的荧光共聚焦图,(A1,A4,A7)HCT116细胞用SAM(3mM)培养1h,再加DT(10μM)培养1h;(A2,A5,A8)HCT116细胞加DT(10μM)培养1h;(A3,A6,A9)HCT116细胞用AOAA(1mM)培养1h,再加DT(10μM)培养1h;A1-A3是A4-A6对应的DAPI图;A7-A9是A4-A6对应的明亮视野图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1
基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料DT的合成
(1)化合物2的合成
在氩气的保护下,在一个50mL的二口圆底烧瓶中加入498mg(1.0mmol)化合物1,1008mg(2.2mmol)1-(4-苯硼酸频哪醇酯)-1,2,2-三苯乙烯,3mL K2CO3水溶液(2M),20mL四氢呋喃溶剂,最后再加入115mg(0.1mmol)Pd(PPh3)4催化剂。反应液温度升至70℃并搅拌反应16h。待反应液冷却至室温后加入30mL蒸馏水,并用二氯甲烷萃取三次。得到的有机层用无水MgSO4干燥后用旋蒸仪除去溶剂,粗产物用硅胶柱层析进行分离提纯,以石油醚:二氯甲烷(1:3)为流动相,得到(0.67g)紫色固体化合物2,产率为67%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.18–7.15(m,2H),7.14–6.99(m,34H),6.96–6.94(m,2H),6.88–6.86(m,4H),2.48(s,6H),1.32(s,6H).HRMS(ESI,m/z):[M+Na]+cacld for C71H55BF2N2NaO:1023.4268,found:1023.4298.
(2)有机染料DT的合成
在氩气的保护下,在一个50mL的二口圆底烧瓶中,加入500mg(0.5mmol)化合物2,15mL二氯甲烷和0.1mL三乙胺。反应混合液在0℃下搅拌反应5分钟后,往反应液中缓慢滴加400mg(1.5mmol)2,4-二硝基苯环酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液(10mL),滴加完毕后继续在常温下搅拌反应2h。反应结束后,往反应液中加入30mL蒸馏水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并的有机相用无水MgSO4干燥。用旋蒸仪除去有机溶剂,粗产物用硅胶柱层析进行分离提纯,以石油醚:二氯甲烷(1:3)为流动相,得到(0.50g)紫色固体染料DT,产率为81%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.68(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.46–8.43(m,1H),8.21–8.14(m,1H),7.39(s,4H),7.14–7.01(m,34H),6.85(d,J=8.2Hz,4H),2.48(s,6H),1.21(s,6H).HRMS(ESI,m/z):[M+Na]+cacld for C77H57BF2N4NaO7S:1253.3901,found:1253.3975.
实施例2
对实施例1的有机染料DT进行了与硫化氢响应后的紫外和荧光发射光谱测试,如图2所示。DT的最大吸收波长在540nm,在与H2S作用之后,染料的最大吸收峰蓝移到了534nm。而染料DT与H2S反应前后的荧光强度则发生了明显的变化。染料DT在不加入H2S之前的荧光发射信号很弱,而在加入H2S之后,染料探针溶液有明显的荧光“turn-on”现象,在579nm出现了很强的荧光信号峰。这说明在紫外灯下,我们可以通过裸眼观测染料DT对H2S的检测结果。
实施例3
对实施例1的有机染料DT进行了选择性实验。如图3a所示,除了生物硫醇(Cys、Hcy、GSH)与染料DT作用后有微小的荧光强度变化以外,其他氨基酸和代表性的阴离子的加入都不会使染料DT的荧光发射出现明显的变化。然而H2S的加入可以让染料DT的荧光发生明显“turn-on”现象变化。此外,如图3b所示,在其他竞争性样品存在的情况下,H2S仍会引发染料探针DT出现与图3a相似的荧光响应现象。从选择性实验中可以说明有机染料探针DT对H2S具有很好的选择性。
实施例4
对实施例1的有机染料DT进行了荧光滴定实验,如图4所示。染料DT自身的荧光很弱,随着H2S的加入,染料在579nm处的荧光发射强度逐渐增强。图4b为染料DT在H2S浓度为1-7μM范围内的荧光滴定实验,通过线性关系拟合直线并计算得到染料DT对H2S的检测限为6.39nM。这结果说明染料DT对H2S具有很高的灵敏度。
实施例5
对实施例1的有机染料DT进行了反应机理的核磁氢谱滴定实验,如图5所示。在9.11、8.50、8.19ppm处的峰分别对应于DT分子中二硝基苯的H1、H2和H3。在7.53、7.40ppm处的信号属于与BODIPY上连接的苯环上H4、H5。先后滴加0.33、0.66和1.00当量的硫化氢溶液后,探针的化学位移发生了明显的变化。与此同时,在9.88ppm处出现了一个新的峰是属于化合物2的羟基氢。这说明染料DT与硫化氢的作用是由于硫化氢的亲核进攻反应引起的,然后生成了化合物2。
实施例6
对实施例1的有机染料DT对结肠癌细胞(HCT116)中内源性H2S进行了成像检测,如图6所示。内源性H2S与CBS表达有关。SAM作为CBS的激活剂,可诱导内源性H2S水平升高。相反,AOAA通过抑制CBS表达来降低内源性H2S水平。如图6-A5所示,用DT孵育的HCT116细胞显示出明显的绿色荧光,而用SAM和DT一起孵育的HCT116细胞则显示出更强的荧光。该实验说明有机染料探针DT能够点亮并检测结肠癌细胞中的硫化氢。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料,其特征在于:其中R为H。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤(1)中,化合物1与化合物3溶解在THF中,加入K2CO3水溶液和催化剂,在惰性气体保护下加热回流反应,待反应结束后,分离提纯得到化合物2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料的合成方法,其特征在于:化合物1、化合物3、K2CO3、催化剂的摩尔比为1:2.2:6:0.05。
6.根据权利要求4所述的于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料的合成方法,其特征在于:所述催化剂为Pd(PPh3)4。
7.根据权利要求3所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料的合成方法,其特征在于:
步骤(2)中,以无水二氯甲烷为溶剂,加入化合物2、三乙胺,在惰性气体保护下,冰浴条件下搅拌,然后滴加含有2,4-二硝基苯磺酰氯的二氯甲烷溶液,滴加完毕后,在常温下反应,待反应结束后,分离提纯得到如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于制备硫化氢检测试剂的应用。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于硫化氢检测的应用,其特征在于:所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料与H2S作用之后,出现荧光开启现象。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的基于氟硼二吡咯结构有机染料用于细胞内硫化氢检测的应用。
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