CN112443314B - Logging method and logging device - Google Patents
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- CN112443314B CN112443314B CN202011319925.4A CN202011319925A CN112443314B CN 112443314 B CN112443314 B CN 112443314B CN 202011319925 A CN202011319925 A CN 202011319925A CN 112443314 B CN112443314 B CN 112443314B
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
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- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a logging method and a logging device, which utilize a magnetostatic body arranged in a well hole to generate a magnetostatic field in a well surrounding stratum, an ultrasonic transducer excites sound waves to a target body in the surrounding stratum, positive and negative ions in the ultrasonic excited target body vibrate, lorentz force is generated under the action of the magnetostatic field, charges are separated, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of the sound waves is further formed in the target body, an electric signal is detected through an electrode, and the electric signal reflects the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum. In the device applying the method of the invention, the static magnet, the ultrasonic transducer array, the electrode A and the electrode B are placed in the well hole. The excitation source excites ultrasonic transducer excitation signals, the mobile controller controls the position of an ultrasonic transducer array, the electrode A and the electrode B detect electric signals, and the electric signals reflect the geological structure of the well stratum after passing through an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a logging method and a logging device.
Background
The country is the largest energy consumption country in the world, at present, the exploration and exploitation cannot meet the actual demands, the external dependence of petroleum and natural gas is continuously increased to 72% and 43%, respectively, and great challenges are brought to the energy revolution of the country. With the gradual reduction of conventional oil and gas resources, unconventional oil and gas resources such as fractured reservoirs, shale gas and the like become realistic choices, and the development of unconventional oil and gas resources is promoted, so that the method is an important way for guaranteeing energy safety and national safety. Fractures are an important component of the reservoir space and migration pathways of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Therefore, the geological structure and the action research such as the explanation of the ground stress, the identification of fracture and the like are carried out; evaluating the characteristics of the oil and gas fracture reservoir in the process of ascertaining the reserves of the fractured oil and gas reservoir; in the process of fracturing an oil and gas layer to form a crack, in the aspects of crack and fluid monitoring, fracturing effect evaluation and the like, advanced technology capable of accurately recognizing a fractured geological structure and fluid characteristics therein is required, and quantitative evaluation of the crack and surrounding fluid media has great significance and faces great challenges.
The global imaging logging technology is developed rapidly, and has strong adaptability to observing complex heterogeneous geological sections such as cracks, anisotropism, thin interbings and the like, so the method is the front edge of the logging technology in the world today and is highly valued by various countries. In order to fundamentally break technical monopoly and research original imaging logging method, original imaging technology based on independent intellectual property and not subject to people is created, which has great significance and profound significance.
The traditional imaging logging technology mainly comprises the following steps: micro resistivity scanning imaging logging (FMI), ultrasonic imaging logging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging logging are imaging logging methods with the best application effect at present, and the micro resistivity scanning imaging logging is sensitive to the response of a through-well wall crack, but the detection depth is still shallow, the recognition effect of the through-well wall crack is poor, and the measurement effect is poor when the through-well wall crack is irregular; when the ultrasonic imaging logging is used for open hole detection, the ultrasonic imaging logging is almost sensitive to the well wall roughness and is seriously influenced by slurry, and is mostly used for eye measurement; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging logging has unique advantages for fluid property identification, but has no obvious application effect on fractured formations. The existing single-field imaging logging technology only can provide a well wall surface crack image, and a high-resolution imaging logging technology and instrument with large detection depth and sensitivity to 'no well wall crack' are needed.
The structures of carbonate rock, clastic rock and the like of the stratum are porous media containing fluid, and based on the porous media, a novel logging method combining original electromagnetic fields and sound fields is provided.
Different from the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging technology, the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging target body surrounds the excitation detection, the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging target body is positioned in the excitation detection hugging, the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging target body is not limited by a borehole, the target body is positioned above the static magnet, and the ultrasonic probe is generally arranged perpendicular to the magnetic field direction; the structural change determines that the coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic field and a sound field are changed, and the magnetic field direction, the acoustic wave excitation mode and the detection mode are different; from the detection object, the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging detection object is a biological tissue containing an abnormal pathological tissue with conductivity, and the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging detection object is a porous sandstone layer, a crack hydrocarbon reservoir and the like.
As a novel imaging logging technology, the coupling effect of electromagnetic fields and sound fields is utilized, the excellent genes of simultaneous sensitivity and high resolution of the electric imaging logging and acoustic imaging logging to oil saturation and fracture reservoirs are inherited, meanwhile, the well wall fracture can be detected, the structure beside the well is detected, the detection depth is improved, and the imaging logging technology is an electromagnetic and ultrasonic combined imaging logging technology which is more effective in detecting complex fracture reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor recognition effect, shallow imaging depth and the like of the existing imaging logging technology on a crack of a well wall, and provides a magneto-acoustic electric imaging logging method and a logging device. The magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging method adopts the electromagnetic field and acoustic field coupling imaging technology, inherits the advantages of sensitivity of electric imaging to cracks and high ultrasonic imaging resolution, reflects stratum characteristics through stratum conductivity distribution around a well hole, can identify cracks around the well hole without a well wall, and can improve detection depth.
The invention utilizes a static magnetic body arranged in a well hole to generate a static magnetic field in a well surrounding stratum, an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the well hole excites ultrasonic waves into the surrounding stratum, positive and negative ions in a stratum target body are excited by the ultrasonic waves to generate vibration, lorentz force is generated under the action of the static magnetic field, charges are separated, and further, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of sound waves is formed in the stratum target body, an electric signal is detected through an electrode A and an electrode B which are arranged, the electric signal reflects the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum according to the relation between the electric signal and the stratum conductivity, and the geological structure and geological crack information of the well surrounding stratum and the oil and gas information in a stratum crack are reflected through image reconstruction.
Because of the specificity of the logging application target, the arrangement mode of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer and the detection electrodes A and B is the key of effectively receiving signals, and the influence of the well hole structure is considered, so that the arrangement direction of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer and the detection electrodes has influence on signal detection. The arrangement direction of the static magnet is based on the principle that the static magnetic field generated by the static magnet is distributed along the radial direction of the borehole in the stratum around the well, the ultrasonic transducer array is axially distributed along the borehole under the restriction of the size of the borehole, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the borehole wall and acts on the stratum area distributed by the magnetic field of the static magnet, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the borehole wall along the circumferential direction.
The magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array formed by ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a mobile controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system. The ultrasonic transducer array, static magnet, electrode A and electrode B are arranged in the well hole, and the static magnetic field distribution acts on the well surrounding stratum. An ultrasonic transducer array positioned in the well bore excites an acoustic wave signal under the excitation of an excitation source, and a movement controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer array and controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the well bore. The acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the well surrounding stratum to generate current distribution under the combined action of static magnetic fields. The electrode A and the electrode B are distributed and stuck on the inner side of a well wall along the circumferential direction, voltage signals on the well wall are detected, the measured voltage signals are input into an amplifier, the amplifier and a filter amplify and filter the electric signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then are output to a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit further processes the acquired data, and finally, an image reconstruction system reconstructs an image of a stratum target body.
The excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the magnetostatic body form an excitation system of magneto-acoustic electric signals, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the image reconstruction system form a detection system of magneto-acoustic electric signals. In the excitation system, the output end of the excitation source is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the mobile controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and controls the ultrasonic transducer to move and scan in the well hole. In the detection system, one end of an electrode A and one end of an electrode B are attached to the inner wall of a borehole, the other end of the electrode A and the other end of the electrode B are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of a data acquisition unit, the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the input end of a data processing unit, and the output end of the data processing unit is connected with an image reconstruction system; the excitation source is applied to pulse signals with matched ultrasonic transducer array parameters, the ultrasonic transducer generates acoustic signals, the acoustic signals act on the well stratum, meanwhile, under the action of static magnetic fields, current distribution is generated on the well stratum, voltage signals on the well wall are detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the voltage signals are input to the amplifier and are amplified by the amplifier and then are output to the filter, the signals are filtered by the filter and then are input to the data acquisition unit, the data are acquired through the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to the data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally, the image reconstruction system is used for reconstructing images.
The process of realizing magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging by the logging device is as follows:
arranging an ultrasonic transducer array, a static magnet, an electrode A and an electrode B in a borehole, wherein the magnetic field distribution of the static magnet acts on the stratum, the ultrasonic excited by the ultrasonic transducer acts on the stratum, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner wall of the borehole;
the magnetic field generated by the magnetostatic body is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the well surrounding stratum; the array arrangement direction of the ultrasonic transducers is along the axial direction of the well bore, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area distributed by the static magnetic field; the sound field component with the vibration direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field and the static magnetic field act to generate current distribution, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasound along the circumferential direction; the excitation source excites the pulse signal to excite the ultrasonic transducer array to generate an acoustic signal.
The acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum to generate current distribution under the combined action of the magnetostatic body;
detecting a voltage by electrode a and electrode B;
amplifying, filtering and data collecting and processing the voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B;
the image reconstruction is carried out after the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body is processed, and the image can reflect the geological structure and geological fracture information of the stratum around the well, the oil and gas information in the stratum fracture and the like.
Obviously, unlike micro resistivity scanning imaging logging, the method is not influenced by whether cracks in the stratum pass through the well wall or not; unlike ultrasonic imaging, the acoustic signal of the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging is attenuated only once, which is beneficial to improving the detection depth and the signal intensity. The magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging is different from the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging in that the relative positions of the target body and the excitation detection are different from the structure, the medical imaging target is in the excitation detection hug, and the logging imaging target body surrounds the excitation detection; the structural change determines that the coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic field and a sound field are changed, and the magnetic field direction, the acoustic wave excitation mode and the detection mode are different; from the detection object, the medical magneto-acoustic-electric imaging detection object is a biological tissue containing an abnormal pathological tissue with conductivity, and the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging detection object is a porous sandstone layer, a crack hydrocarbon reservoir and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a logging apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention utilizes a static magnetic body arranged in a well hole to generate a static magnetic field in a well surrounding stratum, an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the well hole excites ultrasonic waves into the surrounding stratum, positive and negative ions in a stratum target body are excited by the ultrasonic waves to generate vibration, lorentz force is generated under the action of the static magnetic field, charges are separated, and further, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of sound waves is formed in the stratum target body, an electric signal is detected through an electrode A and an electrode B which are arranged, the electric signal reflects the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum according to the relation between the electric signal and the stratum conductivity, and the geological structure and geological crack information of the well surrounding stratum and the oil and gas information in a stratum crack are reflected through image reconstruction.
As shown in figure 1, the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array formed by ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a mobile controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in a well hole, static magnetic fields are distributed to the stratum around the well, the ultrasonic transducer array in the well hole excites acoustic signals under the excitation of the excitation source, the mobile controller controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the well hole, the acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum, and current distribution is generated under the combined action of the static magnetic fields. The electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of a well wall along the circumferential direction and used for detecting voltage signals, an amplifier and a filter are used for amplifying and filtering the electric signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then are input to a data acquisition unit, the data are acquired by the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to a data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally, an image of a stratum target body is reconstructed by an image reconstruction system.
In the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging device, the excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the magnetostatic body form an excitation system of magneto-acoustic-electric signals, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the detection system of the magneto-acoustic-electric signals of the image reconstruction system are arranged. In the excitation system, the output end of an excitation source is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic transducer array, and a mobile controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer to control the ultrasonic transducer to move and scan in a well hole. In the detection system, one end of an electrode A and one end of an electrode B are attached to the inner wall of a borehole, the other end of the electrode A and the other end of the electrode B are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of a data acquisition unit, the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the input end of a data processing unit, and the output end of the data processing unit is connected with the input end of an image reconstruction system. The method comprises the steps of applying pulse signals matched with parameters of an ultrasonic transducer array by an excitation source, enabling the ultrasonic transducer array to generate acoustic signals, enabling the acoustic signals to act on a well stratum, enabling current distribution to be generated on the well stratum under the action of a static magnetic field, measuring voltage information on a well wall by an electrode A and an electrode B, inputting the measured voltage signals to an amplifier, amplifying the voltage signals by the amplifier, outputting the signals to a filter, filtering the signals by the filter, outputting the signals to a data acquisition unit, acquiring data through the data acquisition unit, inputting the acquired data to a data processing unit, further processing the acquired data, and finally reconstructing an image by an image reconstruction system.
Because of the specificity of the logging application target, the arrangement mode of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer array and the detection electrodes A and B is the key of effectively receiving signals, and the influence of the well hole structure is considered, so that the influence of the arrangement direction of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer array and the detection electrodes on signal detection is considered. The ultrasonic transducer is obliquely placed in the well hole, an ultrasonic signal is acted on the static magnetic field distribution area, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well wall along the circumferential direction. The arrangement is shown in fig. 1. In order to more effectively excite the magneto-acoustic electric signals, the magnetic field generated by the magnetostatic bodies is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the well surrounding stratum; the ultrasonic transducer array is axially arranged along the well bore, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area distributed by the magnetostatic magnetic field, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well wall along the circumferential direction.
The process of realizing magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging by the logging device is as follows:
the ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in the borehole, the magnetic field distribution of the static magnet acts on the stratum, the ultrasonic excited by the ultrasonic transducer acts on the stratum, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner wall of the borehole.
The magnetic field generated by the magnetostatic body is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the well surrounding stratum, the ultrasonic transducer array is distributed along the axial direction of the well hole, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area distributed by the magnetic field of the magnetostatic body, then the sound field component with the vibration direction perpendicular to the magnetostatic field acts with the magnetostatic field to generate current distribution, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasonic along the circumferential direction, and the excitation source excites the pulse signal to excite the ultrasonic transducer array to generate an acoustic signal.
The acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum to generate current distribution under the combined action of the magnetostatic bodies.
The voltage is detected by electrode a and electrode B.
Amplifying and filtering the voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, and carrying out data acquisition and data processing.
The image reconstruction is carried out after the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body is processed, and the image can reflect the geological structure and geological fracture information of the stratum around the well, the oil and gas information in the stratum fracture and the like.
Claims (2)
1. A magneto-acoustic imaging logging device, characterized by: the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging device utilizes a magnetostatic body arranged in a well hole to generate a magnetostatic field in a well surrounding stratum, an ultrasonic transducer in the well hole excites ultrasonic waves to the surrounding stratum, the ultrasonic waves excite a stratum target body to generate vibration, lorentz force is generated under the action of the magnetostatic field, and then current distribution which changes along with acoustic wave propagation is formed in the stratum target body, voltage signals are detected through electrodes, an image is reconstructed according to the relation between the voltage signals and stratum conductivity, and the geological structure and geological fracture information of the well surrounding stratum and oil and gas information in stratum cracks are reflected; the magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array formed by the ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a mobile controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system, wherein the excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the static magnet form an excitation system of magneto-acoustic-electric signals, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the image reconstruction system form a detection system of the magneto-acoustic-electric signals; the ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in the well hole, and the magnetic field distribution generated by the static magnet acts on the well stratum; an ultrasonic transducer array positioned in a well hole excites acoustic wave signals under the excitation of an excitation source, a mobile controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer array and controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the well hole, the acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum around the well hole, and current distribution is generated under the combined action of static magnetic fields; the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of a well wall, voltage signals on the well wall are detected, the measured voltage signals are input to an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the amplifier and the filter amplify and filter the voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then are input to a data acquisition unit, the data are acquired through the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to a data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally, an image of a stratum target body is reconstructed by an image reconstruction system.
2. The magneto-acoustic imaging logging apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the process of realizing magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging by the logging device is as follows:
the static magnetic field generated by the static magnetic body is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the well surrounding stratum; the ultrasonic transducer array is axially arranged along the well bore, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area distributed by the magnetostatic body magnetic field; the sound field component with the vibration direction perpendicular to the static magnetic field and the static magnetic field act to generate current distribution, and the electrode A and the electrode B are distributed along the circumferential direction and are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasound; exciting an ultrasonic transducer array by an excitation source excitation pulse signal to generate an acoustic signal;
the acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum to generate current distribution under the combined action of the magnetostatic body;
detecting a voltage by electrode a and electrode B;
amplifying, filtering and data collecting and processing the voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B;
and (3) performing image reconstruction after processing the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body, wherein the image reflects the geological structure and geological fracture information of the stratum around the well and the oil and gas information in the stratum fracture.
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