CN112443314A - Logging method and logging device - Google Patents
Logging method and logging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112443314A CN112443314A CN202011319925.4A CN202011319925A CN112443314A CN 112443314 A CN112443314 A CN 112443314A CN 202011319925 A CN202011319925 A CN 202011319925A CN 112443314 A CN112443314 A CN 112443314A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
Abstract
The invention discloses a well logging method and a well logging device, wherein a static magnetic field is generated in a stratum around a well by utilizing a static magnetic body arranged in a well hole, an ultrasonic transducer excites sound waves to a target body in the surrounding stratum, positive ions and negative ions in the target body are excited by ultrasonic waves to generate vibration, Lorentz force is generated under the action of the static magnetic field, so that charges are separated, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of the sound waves is further formed in the target body, and electric signals are detected through electrodes and reflect the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum. In the apparatus applying the method of the present invention, a static magnet, an ultrasonic transducer array, and electrodes a and B are placed in a borehole. The excitation source excites the ultrasonic transducer to excite a sound signal, the mobile controller controls the position of the ultrasonic transducer array, and the electrode A and the electrode B detect electric signals and reflect the geological structure of the stratum around the well after passing through the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the image reconstruction system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a logging method and a logging device.
Background
China is the largest world energy consumption country, at present, exploration and exploitation cannot meet actual requirements, the external dependence of petroleum and natural gas is continuously increased to 72% and 43% respectively, and great challenges are brought to the energy revolution of China. Along with the gradual reduction of conventional oil and gas resources, unconventional oil and gas resources such as fractured reservoirs, shale gas and the like become practical choices, the development of the unconventional oil and gas resources is promoted, and the method is an important way for guaranteeing energy safety and national safety. Fractures are an important component of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir storage spaces and migration pathways. Therefore, the geological structure and action research such as ground stress interpretation, fracture identification and the like; evaluating the characteristics of the oil-gas fractured reservoir in the fractured oil-gas reservoir exploration reserves process; in the process of fracturing a hydrocarbon reservoir to form fractures, the aspects of monitoring the fractures and fluid, evaluating the fracturing effect and the like all need advanced technologies capable of accurately knowing the fractured geological structure and the characteristics of the fluid in the fractured geological structure, and quantitative evaluation of the fractures and surrounding fluid media has important significance and faces huge challenges.
The global imaging logging technology is developed rapidly, and has strong adaptability to observing complex heterogeneous geological profiles such as cracks, anisotropy, thin interbed and the like, so that the global imaging logging technology is the leading edge of the current global logging technology and is highly valued by various countries. The method is significant and profound in order to fundamentally break through the technical monopoly, research the original imaging logging method and establish the original imaging technology which is based on independent intellectual property rights and is not restricted by people.
The traditional imaging logging technology mainly comprises the following steps: microresistivity scanning imaging logging (FMI), ultrasonic imaging logging and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging logging, wherein microresistivity scanning imaging logging is the imaging logging method with the best application effect at present, and the imaging logging method is sensitive to well wall crack reaction, but the detection depth is still shallow, the recognition effect on the well wall crack is poor, and the measurement effect is poor when the well is irregular; when the ultrasonic imaging logging is used for open hole well detection, the ultrasonic imaging logging is almost only sensitive to the roughness of a well wall and is seriously influenced by mud, and is mainly used for eye regulation measurement; the nuclear magnetic resonance imaging logging has unique advantages on fluid property identification, but has no obvious application effect on fractured formations. The existing single-field imaging well logging technology can only provide a well wall surface crack image, and an imaging well logging technology and an imaging well logging instrument which are high in resolution, large in detection depth and sensitive to 'no well wall crack' are urgently needed.
Carbonate rock, clastic rock and other structures of the stratum are all fluid-containing porous media, and based on the fluid-containing porous media, a novel logging method combining an original electromagnetic field and a sound field, namely a magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging method, is provided.
Different from the medical magnetoacoustic-electric imaging technology, a target body of the magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging is surrounded around the excitation detection, the medical magnetoacoustic-electric imaging target body is positioned in an excitation detection holding and is not limited by a well hole, the target body is positioned above a static magnet, and an ultrasonic probe is generally arranged perpendicular to the direction of a magnetic field; the change of the structure determines that the coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic field and a sound field change, and the direction of the magnetic field, the excitation mode of sound waves and the detection mode are different; from the detection object, the medical magnetoacoustic electrographic detection object is a biological tissue containing a pathological change tissue with abnormal conductivity, and the magnetoacoustic electrographic well logging detection object is a sandstone layer containing pores, a fracture oil and gas reservoir and the like.
As a novel imaging logging technology, the electromagnetic and ultrasonic combined imaging logging technology utilizes the coupling effect of an electromagnetic field and a sound field, inherits excellent genes of simultaneous sensitivity and high resolution of electrical imaging logging and acoustic imaging logging on oil saturation and fractured reservoirs, can detect well wall fractures and detect structures beside wells simultaneously, improves the detection depth, and is more effective in detecting the complicated fractured reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of poor identification effect on cracks on a well wall, shallow imaging depth and the like in the conventional imaging well logging technology, and provides a magnetoacoustic-electric imaging well logging method and a well logging device. The magneto-acoustic-electric imaging logging method of the invention adopts the electromagnetic field and sound field coupling imaging technology, inherits the advantages of sensitivity of electric imaging to cracks and high ultrasonic imaging resolution, reflects stratum characteristics through the stratum conductivity distribution around the well hole, can identify the cracks inside the well hole without passing through the well wall, and can improve the detection depth at the same time.
The invention utilizes the static magnetic body arranged in the well hole to generate a static magnetic field in the stratum around the well hole, the ultrasonic transducer positioned in the well hole excites ultrasonic waves in the surrounding stratum, the ultrasonic waves excite positive and negative ions in a stratum target body to generate vibration, Lorentz force is generated under the action of the static magnetic field to separate charges, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of sound waves is further formed in the stratum target body, electric signals are detected through the arranged electrodes A and B, the electric signals reflect the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum according to the relation between the electric signals and the stratum conductivity, and the geological structure of the stratum around the well hole, geological fracture information and oil and gas information in the stratum fractures are reflected through image reconstruction.
Due to the particularity of the logging application target, the arrangement mode of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer, the detection electrode A and the detection electrode B is the key for effectively receiving signals, and the influence of the well structure and the influence of the arrangement direction of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer and the detection electrode on signal detection need to be considered at the same time. The arrangement direction of the static magnet is based on the principle that the static magnetic field generated by the static magnet is distributed along the radial direction of a well hole on the stratum around the well hole, the arrangement direction is limited by the size of the well hole, the ultrasonic transducer array is arranged along the axial direction of the well hole, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area where the static magnet field is distributed, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well wall along the circumferential direction.
The magnetic acoustic electric imaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array consisting of ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a motion controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system. The ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in a well hole, and the static magnetic field distribution acts on the stratum around the well hole. An ultrasonic transducer array positioned in the well hole excites the sound wave signal under the excitation of the excitation source, and a movement controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer array and controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the well hole. The acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the formation around the well, and current distribution is generated under the combined action of the static magnetic field. The electrode A and the electrode B are distributed and attached to the inner side of a well wall along the circumferential direction, voltage signals on the well wall are detected, the measured voltage signals are input into an amplifier, the amplifier and a filter amplify and filter electric signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then output to a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit further processes the acquired data, and finally, an image reconstruction system reconstructs a stratum target body image.
The excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the static magnet form an excitation system of a magnetic-acoustic-electric signal, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the image reconstruction system form a detection system of the magnetic-acoustic-electric signal. In the excitation system, the output end of the excitation source is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transducer, and the movement controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and controls the ultrasonic transducer to move and scan in the well hole. In the detection system, one end of an electrode A and one end of an electrode B are attached to the inner wall of a well hole, the other end of the electrode A and the other end of the electrode B are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of a data acquisition unit, the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the input end of a data processing unit, and the output end of the data processing unit is connected with an image reconstruction system; the ultrasonic transducer generates acoustic signals, the acoustic signals act on a well-surrounding stratum, current distribution is generated on the well-surrounding stratum under the action of a static magnetic field, voltage signals on a well wall are detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the voltage signals are input to the amplifier, the signals are output to the filter after being amplified by the amplifier, the signals are input to the data acquisition unit after being filtered by the filter, data are acquired by the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to the data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally image reconstruction is performed by the image reconstruction system.
The logging device realizes the process of magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging as follows:
arranging an ultrasonic transducer array, a static magnet, an electrode A and an electrode B in a well hole, wherein the magnetic field distribution of the static magnet acts on a stratum, the ultrasound excited by the ultrasonic transducer acts on the stratum, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner wall of the well hole;
the magnetic field generated by the static magnet is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the formation around the well hole; the arrangement direction of the ultrasonic transducer array is along the axial direction of the well bore and the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall under the limitation of the size of the well bore and acts on a formation region in which a static magnetic field is distributed; the vibration direction acts on the static magnetic field and the sound field component vertical to the static magnetic field to generate current distribution, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasound along the circumferential direction; the excitation source excites the pulse signal to excite the ultrasonic transducer array to generate an acoustic signal.
The acoustic signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer array acts on the stratum and generates current distribution under the combined action of the static magnet;
detecting a voltage from electrode a and electrode B;
amplifying and filtering voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, and acquiring and processing data;
after the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body is processed, image reconstruction is carried out, and the image can reflect the geological structure of the stratum around the well, the information of geological fractures, the information of oil and gas in the fractures of the stratum and the like.
Obviously, the method is different from the micro-resistivity scanning imaging logging, and is not influenced by whether cracks in the stratum cross the well wall or not; different from ultrasonic imaging, the acoustic signal of the magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging is attenuated only once, which is beneficial to improving the detection depth and the signal intensity. The difference between the magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging and the medical magnetoacoustic-electric imaging lies in that, in structural view, the relative positions of a target body and the excitation detection are different, the medical imaging target is in the excitation detection arms, and the logging imaging target body surrounds the excitation detection; the change of the structure determines that the coupling characteristics of an electromagnetic field and a sound field change, and the direction of the magnetic field, the excitation mode of sound waves and the detection mode are different; from the detection object, the medical magnetoacoustic electrographic detection object is a biological tissue containing a pathological change tissue with abnormal conductivity, and the magnetoacoustic electrographic well logging detection object is a sandstone layer containing pores, a fracture oil and gas reservoir and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a logging device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
The invention utilizes the static magnetic body arranged in the well hole to generate a static magnetic field in the stratum around the well hole, the ultrasonic transducer positioned in the well hole excites ultrasonic waves in the surrounding stratum, the ultrasonic waves excite positive and negative ions in a stratum target body to generate vibration, Lorentz force is generated under the action of the static magnetic field to separate charges, current distribution which changes along with the propagation of sound waves is further formed in the stratum target body, electric signals are detected through the arranged electrodes A and B, the electric signals reflect the conductivity characteristics of the target body in the stratum according to the relation between the electric signals and the stratum conductivity, and the geological structure of the stratum around the well hole, geological fracture information and oil and gas information in the stratum fractures are reflected through image reconstruction.
As shown in figure 1, the magnetoacoustic-electroimaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array consisting of ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a movement controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system, wherein the ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in a borehole, the static magnetic field distribution acts on the formation around the borehole, an ultrasonic transducer array positioned in the borehole excites an acoustic wave signal under the excitation of the excitation source, the movement controller controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the borehole, the acoustic signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer array acts on the formation, and the current distribution is generated under the combined action of the static magnetic field. The electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of a well wall along the circumferential direction and used for detecting voltage signals, the amplifier and the filter are used for amplifying and filtering electric signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then input to the data acquisition unit, the data are acquired by the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to the data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally, a stratum target body image is reconstructed by the image reconstruction system.
In the magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging device, the excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the static magnet form an excitation system of magnetoacoustic electric signals, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and a detection system of the magnetoacoustic electric signals of an image reconstruction system. In the excitation system, the output end of the excitation source is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transducer array, and the movement controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and controls the ultrasonic transducer to move and scan in the well hole. In the detection system, one end of an electrode A and one end of an electrode B are attached to the inner wall of a well hole, the other end of the electrode A and the other end of the electrode B are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of a data acquisition unit, the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with the input end of a data processing unit, and the output end of the data processing unit is connected with the input end of an image. The method comprises the steps that a pulse signal matched with parameters of an ultrasonic transducer array is applied by an excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array generates an acoustic signal, the acoustic signal acts on a well-surrounding stratum, current distribution is generated on the well-surrounding stratum under the action of a static magnetic field, voltage information on a well wall is measured by an electrode A and an electrode B, the measured voltage signal is input to an amplifier, the signal is output to a filter after being amplified by the amplifier, the signal is output to a data acquisition unit after being filtered by the filter, the data is acquired by the data acquisition unit, the acquired data is input to a data processing unit, the acquired data is further processed, and finally, image reconstruction is carried out by an image reconstruction system.
Due to the particularity of the logging application target, the arrangement mode of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer array, the detection electrode A and the detection electrode B is the key for effectively receiving signals, and the influence of the well structure and the influence of the arrangement direction of the magnet, the ultrasonic transducer array and the detection electrode on signal detection need to be considered at the same time. The ultrasonic transducer is obliquely arranged in the well hole, ultrasonic signals act on a static magnetic field distribution area, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well wall along the circumferential direction. The arrangement is shown in figure 1. In order to more efficiently excite the magneto-acoustic electrical signals, the magnetic field generated by the static magnet is distributed radially along the borehole in the formation surrounding the borehole; the ultrasonic transducer array is axially arranged along the well bore under the limitation of the size of the well bore, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well bore and acts on the formation region of the static magnetic field distribution, and the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well bore along the circumferential direction.
The logging device realizes the process of magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging as follows:
an ultrasonic transducer array, a static magnet, an electrode A and an electrode B are arranged in a borehole, the magnetic field distribution of the static magnet acts on the stratum, the ultrasound excited by the ultrasonic transducer acts on the stratum, and the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner wall of the borehole.
The magnetic field generated by the static magnetic body is distributed along the radial direction of a well hole on the stratum around the well, the ultrasonic transducer array is arranged along the axial direction of the well hole, the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on the stratum area of the distribution of the magnetic field of the static magnetic body, then the vibration direction and the sound field component vertical to the static magnetic field act on the static magnetic field to generate current distribution, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasonic along the circumferential direction, and the excitation source excites the pulse signal to excite the.
The acoustic signals generated by the ultrasonic transducer array act on the stratum, and the current distribution is generated under the combined action of the static magnet.
The voltage is detected by the electrode a and the electrode B.
And amplifying and filtering voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, and performing data acquisition and data processing.
After the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body is processed, image reconstruction is carried out, and the image can reflect the geological structure of the stratum around the well, the information of geological fractures, the information of oil and gas in the fractures of the stratum and the like.
Claims (4)
1. A method of logging a well, comprising: the method comprises the steps of generating a static magnetic field in a surrounding stratum by using a static magnetic body arranged in a well hole, exciting ultrasonic waves to the surrounding stratum by using an ultrasonic transducer positioned in the well hole, exciting a stratum target body by using the ultrasonic waves to generate vibration, generating Lorentz force under the action of the static magnetic field, further forming current distribution which changes along with the propagation of sound waves in the stratum target body, detecting electric signals through electrodes, reconstructing an image according to the relation between the electric signals and the stratum conductivity, and reflecting the geological structure of the surrounding stratum, geological fracture information and oil and gas information in stratum fractures.
2. A magnetoacoustic-electroimaging logging apparatus employing the method of claim 1, wherein: the magnetic acoustic electric imaging logging device comprises an excitation source, an ultrasonic transducer array consisting of ultrasonic transducers, a static magnet, a mobile controller, an electrode A, an electrode B, an amplifier, a filter, a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit and an image reconstruction system; the ultrasonic transducer array, the static magnet, the electrode A and the electrode B are arranged in a well hole, and the magnetic field distribution generated by the static magnet acts on the stratum around the well hole; an ultrasonic transducer array positioned in a well hole excites an acoustic signal under the excitation of an excitation source, a mobile controller is connected with the ultrasonic transducer array and controls the ultrasonic transducer array to move and scan in the well hole, the acoustic signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer array acts on the stratum around the well hole and generates current distribution under the combined action of a static magnetic field; the electrode A and the electrode B are attached to the inner side of the well wall, voltage signals on the well wall are detected, the measured voltage signals are input to an amplifier, the amplifier and a filter amplify and filter electric signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the signals are filtered by the filter and then input to a data acquisition unit, the data are acquired by the data acquisition unit, the acquired data are input to a data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally, an image reconstruction system reconstructs a stratum target body image.
3. A magnetoacoustic-electroimaging logging apparatus as defined in claim 2, wherein: the excitation source, the ultrasonic transducer array and the static magnet form an excitation system of a magnetic-acoustic-electric signal, and the electrode A, the electrode B, the amplifier, the filter, the data acquisition unit, the data processing unit and the image reconstruction system form a detection system of the magnetic-acoustic-electric signal; in the excitation system, the output end of an excitation source is connected with the input end of an ultrasonic transducer, and a mobile controller is connected with the input end of the ultrasonic transducer and controls the ultrasonic transducer to move and scan in a well; in the detection system, one end of an electrode A and one end of an electrode B are attached to the inner wall of a well hole, the other end of the electrode A and the other end of the electrode B are connected with the input end of an amplifier, the output end of the amplifier is connected with the input end of a filter, the output end of the filter is connected with the input end of a data acquisition unit, the output end of the data acquisition unit is connected with an image reconstruction system, an excitation source applies pulse signals matched with the parameters of an ultrasonic transducer array, an ultrasonic transducer generates acoustic signals, the acoustic signals act on the surrounding stratum of the well, current distribution is generated on the surrounding stratum of the well under the action of a static magnetic field, voltage signals on the well wall are detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, the voltage signals are input to the amplifier, the signals are output to the filter after being amplified by the amplifier, and the signals are input, the data acquisition unit acquires data, the acquired data are input to the data processing unit, the acquired data are further processed, and finally the image reconstruction system reconstructs the image.
4. A magnetoacoustic-electroimaging logging apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein: the logging device realizes the process of magnetoacoustic-electric imaging logging as follows:
the static magnetic field generated by the static magnet is distributed along the radial direction of the well hole in the stratum around the well hole; the ultrasonic transducer array is axially arranged along the well bore under the limitation of the size of the well bore, and the ultrasonic excitation direction is inclined to the well wall and acts on a formation region in which the static magnetic field is distributed; the vibration direction acts on the static magnetic field and the sound field component vertical to the static magnetic field to generate current distribution, and the electrode A and the electrode B are distributed along the circumferential direction and are arranged on the inner side of the well wall of the main action area of the magnetic field and the ultrasound; exciting the ultrasonic transducer array by an excitation source to generate an acoustic signal;
the acoustic signal generated by the ultrasonic transducer array acts on the stratum and generates current distribution under the combined action of the static magnet;
detecting a voltage from electrode a and electrode B;
amplifying and filtering voltage signals detected by the electrode A and the electrode B, and acquiring and processing data;
after the voltage signal carrying the conductivity information of the target body is processed, image reconstruction is carried out, and the image can reflect the geological structure of the stratum around the well, the information of geological fractures and the information of oil and gas in the stratum fractures.
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