CN113466953A - Shale oil dessert detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology and data acquisition method - Google Patents
Shale oil dessert detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology and data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shale oil dessert detection system and a data acquisition method based on a nuclear magnetic resonance technology.A transmitting coil and a nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit matched with a ground signal receiving sensor and/or an underground signal receiving sensor are distributed on the ground; the ground high-power alternating current source system supplies alternating current with the frequency of Raymond to a transmitting coil on the ground; after the current pulse is cut off, a surface signal receiving sensor and/or a downhole signal receiving sensor are/is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of different excitation pulses. Processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance T of each position in the underground shale oil reservoir2General, according to T2Common characteristics are evaluated and predicted to obtain the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the available shale oil on the exploration area plane, so that the dessert area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir is realizedAnd (4) prediction of distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration, and relates to a data acquisition method of a shale oil dessert detection system based on a nuclear magnetic resonance technology.
Background
Shale oil refers to a petroleum resource contained in a shale layer system mainly composed of shale. Including oil in shale pores and fractures, and also including oil resources in tight carbonate or clastic adjacent layers and interbedded layers in shale layer systems. Unlike conventional petroleum, which is separated from source storage, and dense oil, which is close-source aggregated, shale oil has obvious characteristics in the aspects of aggregation mechanism, storage space, fluid characteristics, distribution characteristics, etc., and has more similarities with shale gas. The device mainly has the following six characteristics that the source and the storage are integrated and are retained and gathered; the high maturity is rich in organic shale, and the oil content is good; developing a nano-scale hole and crack system, and facilitating shale oil accumulation; the brittleness index of the reservoir is higher, and the method is suitable for fracturing modification; the stratum has high pressure, light oil and easy flowing and mining; large-area continuous distribution and large resource potential. The commonly available shale oil development approaches are horizontal well and staged fracturing techniques.
The concept of shale oil was originally extended from oil shale and specifically refers to oil extracted from oil shale (rich in organic matter and ineffective in generating and expelling hydrocarbons) by means of artificial oil. Later, the concept of shale oil was greatly expanded and more prone to representing oil in connection with shale layers. At present, there are many descriptions at home and abroad, but the descriptions are not limited to narrow definition and broad definition.
In terms of the carrier of shale oil reservoirs, generalized shale oil generally refers to the petroleum resources that are present in reservoirs such as shale and tight sandstone and carbonate rock, and this concept emphasizes the reservoir compactness, substantially consistent with generalized tight oil, and even often equates or blends "shale oil" and "tight oil", such as the shale oil concept employed by the united states geological survey, whereas the american society of petroleum engineers and the american Energy Information Agency (EIA) refer to tight oil (light oil). At present, the exploration and development of generalized shale oil are mainly focused at home and abroad, such as Bakken (Bakken) in the United states, Eagle beach (Eagle Ford) shale oil and gas, a Bohai Bay basin in China with two sections of east concave holes, a Jiyang depressed sandstone river street group, an Eldos basin extended group with 7 sections of shale oil and the like, and shale powder sandstone or fine carbonate rock is mainly used as a reservoir stratum. The narrowly defined shale oil is specially used for petroleum resources in an organic matter-rich shale layer system, and a storage carrier is mainly composed of lamellar clay rocks developed through a shale theory and can be also called pure shale oil.
In terms of organic matter maturity, generalized shale oil is divided into immature shale oil, medium-low maturity shale oil and medium-high maturity shale oil, wherein oil generated by immature oil shale in an artificial oil mode is also classified into the category of shale oil; shale oil in the narrow sense is intended to refer to the accumulation of oil that has been produced from mature source rock and retained in the shale formation.
Shale oil is defined as petroleum existing in an organic-rich shale bed series in national standard of shale oil geological evaluation method (GB/T38718-2020) published 3/31/2020. The single-layer thicknesses of siltstone, fine sandstone and carbonate rock in the shale layer series are not more than 5 m, and the cumulative thickness accounts for less than 30% of the total thickness of the shale layer series. No natural energy production or less than the lower limit of the industrial petroleum yield, and the industrial petroleum yield can be obtained only by adopting special process technical measures. It can be seen that the shale oil defined in the national standard is a relatively broad concept, and emphasizes that the horizon where the shale oil is located is both oil-producing rock and reservoir rock, and the oil is basically not transported and belongs to in-situ retention oil resources.
The general shale oil concept is mostly adopted in medium petrochemistry, and the medium petrochemistry divides the shale oil types into three major categories according to the source storage ratio at present. The shale oil source storage ratio of the class I is less than 70%, the thickness of a single sand body is more than 2 m, and the shale oil belongs to interbedded shale oil; the storage ratio of the II type shale oil source is 70% -90%, the thickness of a single sand body is 0.2-2 m, the II type shale oil source belongs to laminated shale oil, the storage ratio of the III type shale oil source is larger than 90%, the thickness of the single sand body is smaller than 0.2 m, and the III type shale oil source belongs to pure shale oil. Shale oil exploration performed in the past in Eldos basin, Bohai Bay basin cang Dong cave and Qingshan Kou group in Songliao basin mainly aims at the types I and II shale oil, and at present, Daqing oil field mainly explores the type III pure shale type shale oil in the northern part of Songliao basin.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) NMR is one of the most powerful tools for the qualitative and sometimes quantitative analysis of the composition and structure of various organic and inorganic substances, and is the study of the absorption of atomic nuclei to Radio-frequency Radiation.
The nuclear magnetic resonance phenomenon was found in 1946 by e.m. petalor and f. bloch et al. At present, nuclear magnetic resonance is rapidly developed into a powerful tool for determining the structure of organic compounds. At present, nuclear magnetic resonance is matched with other instruments, and hundreds of thousands of compounds are identified. Since the 70 s, the high-intensity magnetic field superconducting nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus is used, so that the sensitivity of the apparatus is greatly improved, and the application in the field of biology is rapidly expanded. Pulsed fourier transform nmr has made nmr of 13C, 15N, etc. widely available. Computer spectroscopy techniques enable analysis of complex spectrograms. High resolution techniques for measuring solid samples are a significant problem that remains to be solved.
The nuclear magnetic resonance technology can provide information of the chemical structure and molecular dynamics of molecules, has become a conventional technical means for molecular structure analysis and physical and chemical property characterization of substances, is widely applied to the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, food and the like, and is an indispensable means for conventional analysis in chemistry.
The nuclear magnetic resonance technology is a powerful means for measuring the structure of an organic matter, does not damage a sample, and is a nondestructive testing technology. The technology is continuously developed from the continuous wave nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum to the pulse Fourier transform spectrum, and the technology is more widely applied from the traditional one-dimensional spectrum to the multi-dimensional spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance technology plays a very important role in the determination of organic molecular structures, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, together with ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, is called "four broad spectra" by organic chemists.
In the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, energy level splitting of atomic nuclei occurs in a strong magnetic field (the energy level is extremely small: in a 1.41T magnetic field, the magnetic energy level difference is about 25' 10%-3J) When absorbing extraneous electromagnetic radiation (10-9-10-10nm, 4-900MHz), a transition of nuclear energy levels occurs- -a phenomenon known as NMR. Radio-frequency radiation-atomic nuclei (energy-level splitting in a strong magnetic field) -absorption-energy-level transition-NMR, similar to UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy, is also an absorption spectrum, except that the subject of study is the absorption of radio-frequency radiation by atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field.
The ground nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) method utilizes the NMR effect generated by the difference of nuclear relaxation properties of different substances, namely the difference of relaxation characteristics of hydrogen nuclei (protons) in water, and utilizes a nuclear magnetic resonance water detector on the ground to observe and research the change rule of nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by the hydrogen protons in the stratum, thereby detecting the existence and occurrence characteristics of underground water. The method uses a nuclear magnetic induction system (NUMIS) to realize the detection of underground water information.
The nuclear magnetic resonance logging is a new logging technology suitable for open hole well, is the only logging method capable of directly measuring the seepage volume characteristics of free fluids (oil, gas and water) of any lithologic reservoir and has obvious superiority. Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques use the paramagnetism of nuclei and an externally applied magnetic field that interacts with them. The nuclei are a system with spins and electrical charge, so that their rotation generates a magnetic field whose intensity and direction can be represented by a set of vector parameters of the nuclear magnetic moment (M). The nuclear magnetic logging is based on the interaction of hydrogen nuclei and an external magnetic field, can directly measure the characteristics of pore fluid, is not influenced by rock skeleton minerals, and can provide rich bottom information such as effective porosity, free fluid porosity, bound water porosity, pore size distribution, permeability and other parameters of a stratum.
Nuclear magnetic resonance is a physical phenomenon based on the nuclear character, which means that substances with nuclear paramagnetism selectively absorb electromagnetic energy. Theoretically, the only condition for applying NMR techniques is that the nuclear magnetic moment of the substance under study cannot be zero. The hydrogen nuclei are the most abundant and most spin specific nuclei of paramagnetic substances in the formation. Under the action of a stable geomagnetic field, hydrogen nuclei precess around the geomagnetic direction like a gyroscope, and the precession frequency (larmol frequency) of the hydrogen nuclei is related to the strength of the geomagnetic field and the gyromagnetic ratio of atomic nuclei. The hydrogen nuclei are at a certain energy level under the action of the geomagnetic field. If the hydrogen protons in the fluid in the subsurface rock pore space are excited by an alternating electromagnetic field with a lamor frequency, transitions between nuclear energy levels, i.e. nuclear magnetic resonances, are produced.
Shale oil resources are huge in quantity, but compared with conventional resources, the shale oil resources are essentially different in two aspects: firstly, the oil gas is not controlled by obvious trap, and secondly, whether the single well has natural industrial output or not. Although the shale oil with unconventional resources is low-porosity and low-permeability on the whole, the shale containing oil and gas has high-porosity and high-permeability in the transverse direction or the longitudinal direction, and the interval or area with higher yield is represented as the optimal area for shale oil (gas) exploration and development, so that the recognition breakthrough of the 'sweet spot' and the prediction method can effectively accelerate the utilization of the unconventional resources in the initial stage of the shale oil exploration and development.
Compared with American marine shale oil resources, the shale oil resources in China are mainly terrestrial deposition and have the geological and engineering difficulties of fast sedimentary facies, strong heterogeneity, thin monolayer thickness, strong reservoir plasticity, poor physical properties, large formation fracturing difficulty and the like. Chinese scholars have conducted some exploratory research works on the aspects of shale oil and gas formation conditions, evaluation methods, resource prediction and the like in the east continental basin of China, but how to break through the 'dessert' prediction technology of shale oil is a great technical problem which needs to be solved urgently when large-scale commercial exploitation is conducted at present. At present, evaluation and prediction of a shale oil sweet-spot area are mostly based on 5D seismic data of an OVT domain, and are based on geophysical technology sequences of identification and sweet-spot prediction of a shale oil high-quality reservoir, wherein the geophysical technology sequences comprise an OVT domain trace fine processing technology, a deposition microfacies fine research, a phased reservoir quantitative prediction, a high-quality shale prediction based on high-resolution prestack elastic parameters, a different-scale fracture fine prediction, shale oil pressure, stress prediction and other matching technologies.
At present, evaluation of shale oil reservoirs and prediction of sweet spot areas are mainly carried out in the industry by using ground three-dimensional seismic data processing interpretation results and attributes of various seismic data of inversion calculation in combination with logging data interpretation results. Although the three-dimensional seismic data is accurate in imaging of the underground structure, since the reflection seismic data which is excited from the ground to reach the shale reservoir and then reflected back to the ground is attenuated by the ground, the signal dominant frequency is low, the bandwidth is very limited, and the thin shale reservoir or the thin interbed of shale and mudstone is difficult to identify. In addition, because the shale oil reservoir is low-porosity and low-permeability overall, the amount of free-flowing shale oil existing in shale pores or microcracks is very small, so that the direct response of the shale oil reservoir on the ground seismic data attribute is very weak, and the distribution of a shale oil sweet spot area is difficult to accurately evaluate and predict by independently utilizing the seismic data attribute. Therefore, there is a need to find more direct geophysical parameters and methods that are more sensitive to shale oil saturation in shale reservoirs to make evaluation of shale oil reservoirs and prediction of sweet spot areas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a data acquisition method of a shale oil dessert detection system based on a nuclear magnetic resonance technology.
The shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology comprises a large-diameter annular or square transmitting coil arranged on the ground, a ground high-power alternating current source system, a ground signal receiving sensor, an underground signal receiving sensor, a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit and a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit, wherein the ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit and the wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit are matched with the ground signal receiving sensor and the underground signal receiving sensor.
The ground high-power alternating current source system supplies alternating current with the frequency of the Raymond frequency to the transmitting coil on the ground, and the envelope curve of the alternating current is rectangular. After the current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source system is cut off, a surface signal receiving sensor or a downhole signal receiving sensor is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of different excitation pulses.
The transmitting coil can be a ring coil with the diameter of 1 km to 5 km, or a square coil with each side length of 1 km to 5 km.
The surface signal receiving sensor may be a common use with the transmitter coil, a concentric conformal receiver coil slightly smaller than the transmitter coil, or a small surface three-component receiver sensor.
The underground signal receiving sensor is a sensor which is put down to different underground depth positions through a photoelectric composite armored cable. The downhole signal receiving sensor can be composed of a group of three mutually orthogonal induction coil type magnetic field sensors, or fluxgate type magnetic field sensors, or MEMS magnetic field sensors, or superconducting magnetic field sensors, or optical pump magnetic field sensors, or optical fiber magnetic field sensors; the spacing between adjacent downhole signal receiving sensors is between 5 and 10 meters.
The data acquisition method of the shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology comprises the following steps:
(a) taking the center of a measurement work area as a circle center or a center, and arranging a transmitting coil and a ground signal receiving sensor on the ground of the measurement work area, wherein the transmitting coil and the ground signal receiving sensor can be specifically an annular transmitting coil and an annular receiving coil with the diameter of 1 km to 5 km, or a square transmitting and receiving coil and a square receiving coil with each side length of 1 km to 5 km are arranged around the center of the measurement work area;
(b) arranging underground signal receiving sensors in the underground of a measurement work area, and ensuring that one or more stages of underground signal receiving sensors penetrate through a shale oil reservoir drilled through a well;
(c) connecting two ends of the transmitting coil to the output end of a ground high-power alternating current source on the ground;
(d) connecting two ends of a ground signal receiving sensor to a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit on the ground;
(e) connecting the head end of a photoelectric composite armored cable connected with an underground signal receiving sensor to a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit near a wellhead;
(f) controlling a ground high-power alternating current source to transmit alternating current with the Larmor frequency into a transmitting coil by a transmitting computer of a ground high-power alternating current source system according to the preset frequency;
(g) after the transmitting computer controls and cuts off the current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source, the ground synchronously receives nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses with different frequencies by using a ground signal receiving sensor and an underground signal receiving sensor, wherein the pulses with different excitation frequencies correspond to strata with different depths;
(h) if the ground signal receiving sensor adopts a ground three-component receiving sensor, nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses with different frequencies can be measured on the ground in the transmitting coil point by point according to a pre-designed measuring network;
(i) processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well, and calculating the T of different buried depth strata according to the inversion of the echo strings of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals2According to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Calculating the total nuclear magnetism porosity, effective porosity, free fluid porosity and bound fluid porosity of different buried depth strata, estimating the permeability of the formations and evaluating the category of the reservoir;
(j) nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir measured and inversely calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance logging instrument2(ii) applying the inverse of step (i) to the computed NMR T of the shale oil reservoir received in the surface excitation well2Calibrating the standard;
(k) subjecting the shale oil reservoir in the well calibrated in step (j) to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir received by common and ground receiving coil2Performing comparative analysis on the common sample;
(l) T calculated from ground measurements2The general plane distribution characteristics are evaluated and the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the saturation on the exploration area plane are predicted, so that accurate prediction of a sweet spot distribution area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir of a measurement work area is realized, and powerful technical support is provided for the arrangement of horizontal well positions of shale oil.
The invention relates to a shale oil dessert detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology and a data acquisition methodAnd arranging a signal receiving sensor downwards, supplying alternating current with the Larmor frequency into a transmitting coil on the ground, wherein the envelope curve of the alternating current is rectangular, and under the excitation of an alternating magnetic field formed by the underground alternating current, hydrogen nuclei in the underground shale oil reservoir form macroscopic magnetic moments. This macroscopic magnetic moment produces precession motion in the earth's magnetism, the precession frequency of which is characteristic of hydrogen nuclei. After the current pulse is cut off, the nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by different excitation pulses are received by the same coil (receiving coil) or a downhole signal receiving sensor on the ground. Processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance T of each position in the underground shale oil reservoir2It is common. When shale pores or cracks contain free shale oil which can be used, the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the shale is2It is clear that the inner surfaces of the pores of the shale adsorb water (bound water), the inner surfaces of the pores adsorb oil (bound oil), and the free oil (mobile oil) in the pores. When the shale pores or cracks are saturated with free usable shale oil, the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the shale pores or cracks2There is a distinct peak that represents free shale oil and is a sensitive parameter that can directly identify mobile free shale oil in shale. According to T2And evaluating and predicting the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the available shale oil on the exploration area plane by using common characteristics, thereby realizing accurate prediction of a sweet spot distribution area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of the ground toroidal coil system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of the ground square coil system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the surface toroid and downhole signal receiving sensor layout of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is the mobile oil saturation (T) in shale2Ordinary cut-off value) calculation principle schematic diagram;
FIG. 5 nuclear magnetic resonance T before and after shale oil production2Schematic diagram of the general variation.
Detailed Description
The shale oil dessert detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology and the data acquisition method of the invention are explained and described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The invention relates to a shale oil dessert detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology, which comprises a large-diameter annular or square transmitting coil 1 arranged on the ground, a ground high-power alternating current source system 2, a ground signal receiving sensor, an underground signal receiving sensor 5, a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit 6 matched with the ground signal receiving sensor, a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit 7 matched with the underground signal receiving sensor 5, and a photoelectric composite armored cable 8 connected with the underground signal receiving sensor 5 and the wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit 7.
The ground signal receiving sensor is a receiving coil 3 or a ground three-component receiving sensor 4, or the transmitting coil 1 is also used as a receiving coil of the ground signal receiving sensor;
the invention relates to a shale oil dessert detection system based on a nuclear magnetic resonance technology and a data acquisition method, which are specifically implemented as follows:
fig. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of the layout of the ground annular and square nuclear magnetic resonance transmitting and ground annular and square nuclear magnetic resonance signal receiving coil systems of the invention. When the shale oil dessert area detection is carried out in a shale oil exploration work area without a well, a large-diameter annular or square transmitting coil 1 which is distributed on the ground and is shown in figure 1 can be adopted, alternating current with the frequency of Raymond frequency is supplied to the large-diameter annular or square transmitting coil 1 through a ground high-power alternating current source system 2, and after the transmitting coil 1 is powered off, a ground signal receiving sensor is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of different excitation pulses.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the surface NMR transmission and downhole receiver system layout of the present invention. When the shale oil dessert area is detected in a shale oil exploration work area with a well, a large-diameter annular or square transmitting coil 1 which is distributed on the ground and is shown in fig. 2 can be adopted, a downhole signal receiving sensor 5 is distributed in the well, alternating current with the frequency of Raymond frequency is supplied to the transmitting coil 1 through a ground high-power alternating current source system 2, and after the transmitting coil 1 is powered off, nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of different excitation pulses are synchronously received by the ground signal receiving sensor and the downhole signal receiving sensor 5.
FIG. 4 is the mobile oil saturation (T) in shale2Ordinary cut-off value) calculation principle. As is clear from FIG. 4, the NMR T of the shale is observed when the shale pores or fractures contain free shale oil which is available for use2It is clear that the inner surfaces of the pores of the shale adsorb water (bound water), the inner surfaces of the pores adsorb oil (bound oil), and the free oil (mobile oil) in the pores. When the shale pores or cracks are saturated with free usable shale oil, the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the shale pores or cracks2There is a distinct peak that represents free shale oil and is a sensitive parameter that can directly identify mobile free shale oil in shale.
FIG. 5 nuclear magnetic resonance T before and after shale oil production2Schematic diagram of the general variation. As is clear from FIG. 5, when the shale is saturated with free shale oil, its T2There is generally a second distinct peak, and when the free shale oil in the shale is recovered, its T2The second distinct peak of (a) disappears, using nuclear magnetic resonance T2The general rationale for identifying whether shale contains free shale oil available for use.
The ground high-power alternating current source system 2 supplies alternating current with the frequency of Raymond to the transmitting coil 1 on the ground, and the envelope curve of the alternating current is rectangular. The transmitting coil 1 may be a ring coil having a diameter of 1 km to 5 km, or a square coil having a length of 1 km to 5 km per side.
The ground signal receiving sensor can be a transmitting coil 1, a concentric same-shape receiving coil 3 slightly smaller than the nuclear magnetic resonance transmitting coil 1, or a ground three-component receiving sensor 4.
The underground signal receiving sensor 5 is a sensor which is lowered to different underground depth positions through the photoelectric composite armored cable 8. The downhole signal receiving sensor 5 can be composed of a group of three mutually orthogonal induction coil type magnetic field sensors, or fluxgate type magnetic field sensors, or MEMS magnetic field sensors, or superconducting magnetic field sensors, or optical pump magnetic field sensors, or optical fiber magnetic field sensors; the spacing between the downhole signal receiving sensors 5 is between 5 and 10 meters.
The nuclear magnetic resonance signal is generated by receiving different excitation pulses at the ground by a ground signal receiving sensor or a downhole signal receiving sensor 5 after the current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source system 2 is cut off.
The data acquisition method of the shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology comprises the following steps:
(a) taking the center of a measurement work area as a circle center or a center, arranging an annular transmitting coil 1 and/or a receiving coil 3 with the diameter of 1 km to 5 km on the ground of the measurement work area, as shown in fig. 1, or arranging a square coil 1 and/or a receiving coil 3 with each side length of 1 km to 5 km around the center of the measurement work area, as shown in fig. 2;
(b) arranging underground signal receiving sensors 5 in the underground of a measurement work area, and ensuring that one or more stages of underground signal receiving sensors 5 penetrate through a shale oil reservoir drilled through a well;
(c) connecting two ends of the transmitting coil 1 to the output end of an alternating current source of a ground high-power alternating current source system 2 on the ground;
(d) connecting two ends of the transmitting coil 1 or the receiving coil 3 to a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit 6 on the ground;
(e) the head end of a photoelectric composite armored cable 8 connected with the underground signal receiving sensor 5 is connected to a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit 7 near the wellhead;
(f) transmitting alternating current with the frequency of Raymond from a ground high-power alternating current source system 2 to a ground transmitting coil 1 according to a preset frequency;
(g) after the current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source system 2 is cut off, the transmitting coil 1 is used as a receiving coil on the ground or a ground signal receiving sensor and a downhole signal receiving sensor which are arranged additionally are used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses with different frequencies synchronously on the ground, and the pulses with different excitation frequencies correspond to strata with different depths;
(h) the ground three-component receiving sensor 4 can measure nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses of different frequencies on the ground point by point according to a pre-designed measuring network in the ground transmitting coil 1;
(i) processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well, and calculating the T of different buried depth strata according to the inversion of the echo strings of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals2According to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Calculating the total nuclear magnetism porosity, effective porosity, free fluid porosity and bound fluid porosity of different buried depth strata, estimating the permeability of the formations and evaluating the category of the reservoir;
(j) nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir measured and inversely calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance logging instrument2(ii) applying the inverse of step (i) to the computed NMR T of the shale oil reservoir received in the surface excitation well2Calibrating the standard;
(k) subjecting the shale oil reservoir in the well calibrated in step (j) to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir received by common and ground receiving coil2Performing comparative analysis on the common sample;
(l) T calculated from ground measurements2The general plane distribution characteristics are evaluated and the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the saturation on the exploration area plane are predicted, so that accurate prediction of a sweet spot distribution area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir of a measurement work area is realized, and powerful technical support is provided for the arrangement of horizontal well positions of shale oil.
The invention relates to a shale oil sweet spot detection system and a data acquisition method based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology, wherein an annular or square transmitting coil is arranged on the ground above a shale oil reservoir, a signal receiving sensor is arranged underground, alternating current with the frequency of Raymond is supplied to the transmitting coil on the ground, the envelope curve of the alternating current is rectangular, and under the excitation of an alternating magnetic field formed by underground alternating current, hydrogen nuclei in the underground shale oil reservoir form macroscopic magnetic moments. This macroscopic magnetic moment produces precession motion in the earth's magnetism, the precession frequency of which is hydrogenCharacteristic of the nucleus. After the current pulse is cut off, the nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by different excitation pulses are received by the same coil (receiving coil) or a downhole signal receiving sensor on the ground. Processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well to obtain the nuclear magnetic resonance T of each position in the underground shale oil reservoir2It is common. When shale pores or cracks contain free shale oil which can be used, the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the shale is2It is clear that the inner surfaces of the pores of the shale adsorb water (bound water), the inner surfaces of the pores adsorb oil (bound oil), and the free oil (mobile oil) in the pores. When the shale pores or cracks are saturated with free usable shale oil, the nuclear magnetic resonance T of the shale pores or cracks2There is a distinct peak that represents free shale oil and is a sensitive parameter that can directly identify mobile free shale oil in shale. According to T2And evaluating and predicting the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the available shale oil on the exploration area plane by using common characteristics, thereby realizing accurate prediction of a sweet spot distribution area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir.
Claims (7)
1. The shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology is characterized by comprising a transmitting coil (1) arranged on the ground, a ground high-power alternating current source system (2), a ground signal receiving sensor, an underground signal receiving sensor (5), a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit (6) matched with the ground signal receiving sensor, a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit (7) matched with the underground signal receiving sensor (5), and a photoelectric composite armored cable (8) connected with the underground signal receiving sensor (5) and the wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit (7);
the ground high-power alternating current source system (2) supplies alternating current with the frequency of Raymond to the transmitting coil (1); after the excitation current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source system (2) is cut off, a ground signal receiving sensor or a downhole signal receiving sensor (5) is used for receiving nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of different excitation pulses.
2. Shale oil sweet spot detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter coil (1) is a ring coil with a diameter of up to 1 km to 5 km or a square coil with a side length of 1 km to 5 km.
3. Shale oil sweet spot detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface signal receiving sensor is a receiving coil (3) or a surface three-component receiving sensor (4), or the transmitting coil (1) is also used as a receiving coil of the surface signal receiving sensor.
4. Shale oil confectionery detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology of claim 3, characterized in that the receiver coil (3) is a concentric co-shaped coil smaller than the transmitter coil (1).
5. Shale oil sweet spot detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology of claim 3, characterized in that the surface three-component receiving sensor (4) is a sensor arranged point by point along a measuring grid within the transmitting coil (1).
6. Shale oil sweet spot detection system based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology of claim 1, characterized in that the downhole signal receiving sensors (5) are sensors lowered to different depth positions downhole through an electro-optical composite armored cable (8);
the downhole signal receiving sensor (5) consists of a group of three mutually orthogonal induction coil type magnetic field sensors, or fluxgate type magnetic field sensors, or MEMS magnetic field sensors, or superconducting magnetic field sensors, or optical pump magnetic field sensors, or optical fiber magnetic field sensors; the spacing between adjacent downhole signal receiving sensors (5) is between 5 and 10 meters.
7. The data acquisition method of the shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology is characterized in that the shale oil dessert detection system based on the nuclear magnetic resonance technology of any one of claims 1 to 6 is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
(a) taking the center of a measurement work area as a circle center or a center, and arranging a transmitting coil (1) and a ground signal receiving sensor on the ground of the measurement work area;
(b) arranging underground signal receiving sensors (5) in the underground of a measurement work area, and ensuring that one or more stages of underground signal receiving sensors (5) penetrate through a shale oil reservoir drilled through a well;
(c) connecting two ends of the transmitting coil (1) to a power output end of a ground high-power alternating current source system (2) on the ground;
(d) two ends of a ground signal receiving sensor are connected to a ground nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit (6) on the ground;
(e) the head end of the photoelectric composite armored cable (8) is connected to a wellhead nuclear magnetic resonance signal acquisition unit (7) near the wellhead;
(f) according to the preset frequency, a ground high-power alternating current source system (2) controls a current source to transmit alternating current with the Raymond frequency into a transmitting coil (1);
(g) after the current pulse of the ground high-power alternating current source system (2) is cut off, the ground signal receiving sensor and the underground signal receiving sensor (5) synchronously receive nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses with different frequencies, and the pulses with different excitation frequencies correspond to strata with different depths;
(h) if the ground signal receiving sensor is a ground three-component receiving sensor (4), nuclear magnetic resonance signals generated by excitation of excitation pulses with different frequencies are measured on the ground point by point in the transmitting coil (1) according to a pre-designed measuring network;
(i) processing the nuclear magnetic resonance signals received from the ground or the well, and calculating the T of different buried depth strata according to the inversion of the echo strings of the nuclear magnetic resonance signals2According to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Nuclear magnetic method for calculating different buried depth stratumTotal porosity, effective porosity, free fluid porosity, and bound fluid porosity, estimating their permeability, and evaluating reservoir classification;
(j) nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir measured and inversely calculated by nuclear magnetic resonance logging instrument2(ii) applying the inverse of step (i) to the computed NMR T of the shale oil reservoir received in the surface excitation well2Calibrating the standard;
(k) subjecting the shale oil reservoir in the well calibrated in step (j) to nuclear magnetic resonance T2Nuclear magnetic resonance T of shale oil reservoir received by common and ground receiving coil2Performing comparative analysis on the common sample;
(l) T calculated from ground measurements2The general plane distribution characteristics are evaluated and the saturation of the available shale oil in the shale oil reservoir and the distribution rule of the saturation on the exploration area plane are predicted, so that accurate prediction of a sweet spot distribution area with high shale oil saturation in the shale oil reservoir of a measurement work area is realized, and powerful technical support is provided for the arrangement of horizontal well positions of shale oil.
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