CN112440410A - 分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱，由螺旋形风箱体、回收残膜入口、土颗粒分离筛、分离残膜出口组成，螺旋形风箱体前端设置有回收残膜入口；螺旋形风箱体尾端设置有分离残膜出口；在螺旋形风箱体下部设置有土颗粒分离筛；本发明的有益效果是虽然结构相对简单、但分离效果理想，实用性强，且体积较小，易于直接安装在残膜捡拾车上，可靠性高、经济耐用，满足田地捡拾残膜分离土颗粒的功能需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农业机械领域，涉及一种适用于分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱。
背景技术
从上个世纪开始，随着塑料工业的快速发展，地膜覆盖栽培技术被广泛应用于田间，地膜覆盖栽培技术具有保温、保墒、抑制杂草生长、改善土壤团粒结构及增加作物产量等优点，是目前农业生产中最为行之有效的增产手段。地膜技术从上个世纪五十年代起在欧洲、美国和日本开始使用，由于经济效益十分显著，很快在世界范围得到了广泛应用，但农用塑料薄膜在自然条件下极难降解，如果将地膜遗留在土壤中，会对农业生产本身构成一系列严重危害，因此必须及时将地膜进行回收。目前，我国在地膜覆盖面积和使用量上均是世界第一，在我国东北、西北地区覆膜技术应用尤为广泛，我国使用地膜的耕地面积已有上千万公顷，每年的地膜用量也已达到几百万吨，地膜已经成为我国农业生产中必不可少的农业生产资料之一。因为价格因素，我国绝大部分地区使用的地膜材料是聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯。这种材料在土壤中存留几百年也不易降解，而且在回收时大量残膜碎片留在泥土中，导致水分流通不顺畅，阻碍土壤与空气交换，使土壤中的微生物难以存活，致使土壤板结，一些区域可能会导致土地的盐碱化，造成农作物产量的大幅下降，特别是经过风吹、掩埋或者焚烧之后在田间地头随处可见，严重污染了农民的生活环境与空气质量，最终导致严重的“白色污染”。
目前国内残膜回收的方法主要有3种，即人工捡拾、使用降解膜和机械化回收。人工捡拾存在效率低、劳动量大、作业范围受限等缺点，对埋藏在深层土壤里的残膜无法进行回收。这种回收方式随着劳动力的减少和农业机械水平的提高而渐渐被淘汰。降解膜是一种新型的环保地膜，其材质主要是由塑料粒子母料与生物降解母料混合制成，使用后可以极好地分解到土壤中去；但这种降解膜成本较高，技术还不成熟，现阶段很难被广大农户尤其是中小农户所接受，在国内的推广受到了限制。机械化回收方式具有效率高、成本低的优点，很大程度上弥补了人工回收与降解膜两种回收方式存在的缺点。我国对残膜回收机械的研究起步较早，最早的相关专利可追溯到上个世纪八十年代。研究至今，多种残膜回收机具被开发出来并得到了试验与推广。尽管如此，残膜污染现象依然严峻，残膜回收机存在回收率低等问题始终不能得到很好解决，大多数地区还依然依靠人工捡拾残膜。为了进一步提升残膜回收质量，亟待对现有残膜回收机的功能部件进行系统研究，梳理并归纳其结构特点与作业原理，为残膜回收机的进一步设计与优化提供指导。
发明内容
为了解决农田残膜回收的需求，研发了一种分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱，此装置是将残膜捡拾机回收的残膜中掺杂的土壤颗粒利用流体力学原理分离开来，土颗粒从下部掉落，残膜及桔梗碎末由出口排出。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱，由螺旋形风箱体、回收残膜入口、土颗粒分离筛、分离残膜出口组成，螺旋形风箱体前端设置有回收残膜入口；螺旋形风箱体尾端设置有分离残膜出口；在螺旋形风箱体下部设置有土颗粒分离筛。
本发明的有益效果是虽然结构相对简单、但分离效果理想，实用性强，且体积较小，易于直接安装在残膜捡拾车上，可靠性高、经济耐用，满足田地捡拾残膜分离土颗粒的功能需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明的结构原理图；
图2为本发明的仰视图；
在所有附图中，相同的附图标记自始至终表示相同的结构或元件，其中：
1.螺旋形风箱体，2.回收残膜入口，3.土颗粒分离筛，4.分离残膜出口。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作具体说明。
在图1，2中，螺旋形风箱体(1)前端设置有回收残膜入口(2)；螺旋形风箱体(1)尾端设置有分离残膜出口(4)；在螺旋形风箱体(1)下部设置有土颗粒分离筛(3)。
Claims (1)
1.一种分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱，包括螺旋形风箱体(1)、回收残膜入口(2)、土颗粒分离筛(3)、分离残膜出口(4)；其特征在于：螺旋形风箱体(1)前端设置有回收残膜入口(2)；螺旋形风箱体(1)尾端设置有分离残膜出口(4)；在螺旋形风箱体(1)下部设置有土颗粒分离筛(3)。
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1014268A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1965-12-22 | Polysius Gmbh | Centrifugal separator |
| GB8823393D0 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1988-11-09 | Chen W H | Helix type water separator with blast feeder |
| CN2190859Y (zh) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-03-08 | 陈良龙 | 风选式稻麦草谷分离装置 |
| CN108526020A (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 湖州师范学院 | 陶瓷颗粒分选装置 |
| CN210651467U (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-02 | 赤峰学院 | 分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱 |
-
2019
- 2019-08-30 CN CN201910826166.1A patent/CN112440410A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1014268A (en) * | 1963-12-05 | 1965-12-22 | Polysius Gmbh | Centrifugal separator |
| GB8823393D0 (en) * | 1988-02-02 | 1988-11-09 | Chen W H | Helix type water separator with blast feeder |
| CN2190859Y (zh) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-03-08 | 陈良龙 | 风选式稻麦草谷分离装置 |
| CN108526020A (zh) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-14 | 湖州师范学院 | 陶瓷颗粒分选装置 |
| CN210651467U (zh) * | 2019-08-30 | 2020-06-02 | 赤峰学院 | 分离残膜中土颗粒的风箱 |
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