CN1124386C - Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material - Google Patents
Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material Download PDFInfo
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- CN1124386C CN1124386C CN 01102877 CN01102877A CN1124386C CN 1124386 C CN1124386 C CN 1124386C CN 01102877 CN01102877 CN 01102877 CN 01102877 A CN01102877 A CN 01102877A CN 1124386 C CN1124386 C CN 1124386C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a solar-energy adsorption-type water-taking device by air, which has the advantages of good light transmission, quick condensation, thorough adsorption and high efficiency of heat collection. A condensing cover is arranged above the solar-energy adsorption-type water-taking device so as to make water vapor layered from air condensed in time; the cold storage of phase-change material filled in an interlayer of the condensing cover can accelerate the condensing process; a light transmission cover is arranged below the solar-energy adsorption-type water-taking device, and the condensation of the water vapor on the inner surface of the light transmission cover is avoided so as to maintain the original light transmittance; a metal tennis can carry out heat conducting and temperature uniformity to adsorbent in an adsorbent bed so as to improve heat collection efficiency, and can also uniformly distribute air passages in the adsorption bed to accelerate the adsorption process. The present invention solves the problem of fresh-water supply in desert areas and avoids the difficulty of fresh-water transport.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of device that utilizes solar energy from air, to fetch water.
The desert area accounts for 50% of land surface in the world, and desert population accounts for 10% of world population, is containing mineral resources such as extremely abundant diamond, oil, natural gas in the desert, is restricting the pulse of development of world economy; Given this, exploitation " sand industry " is just actively advised and prepared to man of every industry or trade and scientists.Yet owing to serious water shortage, brought great difficulty for resident living, industrial production, economic development, scientific investigation and military deployment in the desert; The desert water intaking also becomes one of worldwide and historical difficult problem thus.
Since ancient times, there are a lot of scientists all once to be devoted to study air water-intaking technology in the desert in history, the cooling, the dewfall water-fetching method that mainly follow air, Frenchman Y.Jannot1993 is on the 12nd phase of " ReweGenerale de Thermique ", solar energy single-action adsorptive refrigeration technology and air cooling, dewfall water-fetching method are combined, proposed solar adsorption-type refrigerating, dewfall method air water-intaking technology.This technology is at first utilized the adsorbent bed of the solar radiation heating single-action adsorbent refrigerator on daytime, makes adsorbate desorption wherein, and condensation in other end heat exchanger; After night, adsorbent bed was by the atmosphere cooling, the beginning adsorption process, thereby the continuous evaporation, the refrigeration that cause adsorbate in the heat exchanger, when the heat exchanger surface temperature is reduced to atmospheric dew point when following, steam is just at its surface condensation, and according to action of gravity, flow in the water storing tank through water-collecting tray, to realize air water-intaking technology.Because the water intaking process of this technology need be gone through the evaporation again of solar energy heating, absorption type refrigerating, air cooling, water vapor condensation and condensed water, these five links, therefore the system's efficiency of producing drinking water that finally obtains is very low; Y.Jannot has announced the infeasibility of this technology also in the ending of its article.
The solar energy device for fetching water from air (Chinese patent ZL94209217.1) that device for fetching water from air (Chinese patent ZL93201730.4) that propose in January, 1993 and in April, 1994 propose has all adopted the solar air intake technology based on temperature difference absorption principle.This technology is made up of water fetching device and rotational paraboloid mirror, and water fetching device is placed on the focal plane of speculum, and water fetching device is made up of diffuser, adsorbent bed, phase change cold-storage condensation cover, catch basin and water intake valve etc. again.In desert area, night, atmospheric temperature was lower, and relative humidity is higher, and this is very favourable concerning the adsorption process of solar energy device for fetching water from air; To open this moment at the diffuser of last setting, allow adsorbent bed be exposed in the atmosphere, utilize natural wind to make adsorbent bed constantly adsorb steam in the moving air, until reaching or near saturated, natural wind solidifies the phase-change material heat release in condensation cover interlayer is set down by heat convection simultaneously.To daytime, diffuser is closed, adsorbent bed is sealed in the water fetching device, utilize beam radia focusing, transmission then, the heating adsorbent bed makes water desorption wherein; Make the temperature of diffuser unlikely too high with the heat convection of atmosphere, seal air dew point in the water fetching device this moment, with desorption process constantly carry out raise with the continuous increase of air water capacity; When dew point surpassed the diffuser temperature, the steam of layering just began to flow in the catch basin according to action of gravity then in the diffuser inwall condensation that is provided with from air, to realize solar air water intaking process.
There is following point in existing intake technology:
1, diffuser is in last setting, can be hotter because of top, than the layering of light-water steam directly in its inwall condensation, cause its light transmittance and collecting efficiency to reduce;
2, condensation covers on down setting, will be difficult to utilize the cold-storage of the phase-change material of filling out in its interlayer to make the timely condensation of steam in the higher slice, causes the water intaking process to be obstructed;
3, the adsorbent in the adsorbent bed lacks uniform air flue, thereby hinders the carrying out of adsorption process;
4, the adsorbent in the adsorbent bed lacks the heat-conduction even temperature measure, causes hot-spot, thereby reduces collecting efficiency.
The objective of the invention is to overcome weak point of the prior art, provide that a kind of printing opacity is good, condensation rapidly, absorption thoroughly, thermal-arrest solar energy device for fetching water from air efficiently.
The technical scheme that adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material of the present invention adopts is seen accompanying drawing 1, and it comprises parts such as Salar light-gathering cover 1, phase change cold-storage condensation cover 2, support 3, diffuser 4, elastic tape 5, adsorbent bed 6, suspension hook 7, adsorbent 8, wire netting ball 9, catch basin 10, intake pipe 11, water intake valve 12.The condensation cover 2 that is filled with phase-change material in the interlayer is placed on the support 3 of Salar light-gathering cover 1 top focal plane position, it is characterized in that: condensation cover 2 is being arranged down at last layout, diffuser 4, and be tightly connected mutually by elastic tape 5, adsorbent bed 6 is mounted on suspension hook 7 times, suspension hook 7 is fixed on the top in the condensation cover 2, be full of wire netting ball 9 in the adsorbent bed 6, be full of granular adsorption agent 8 in the wire netting ball 9, the inwall lower limb of condensation cover 2 is provided with catch basin 10, and the bottom of catch basin 10 is connected with outside with water intake valve 12 by intake pipe 11; Adsorbent 8 is silica gel and/or zeolite; The phase-change material of filling in phase change cold-storage condensation cover 2 interlayers is a kind of in paraffin, organic salt, calcium chloride hexahydrate, washing soda, ten phosphate dihydrate sodium or the nitrate trihydrate lithium; Diffuser 4 is by a kind of the making in quartz glass, low iron glass or the simple glass; The hollow cylinder with holes that adsorbent bed 6 is made for thick lattice wire gauze, or hollow ball with holes, the polyhedron made for thick lattice wire gauze.The relevant technologies data of this device for fetching water from: Salar light-gathering cover 1 long 0.1-100m, wide 0.05-5m, the long 0.11-101m of condensation cover 2 openings, wide 0.01-1.5m, the long 0.11-101m of diffuser 4 openings, wide 0.01-1.5m, the thick 0.005-0.1m of condensation cover 2 interlayers, wire netting ball 9 diameter 0.005-0.1m, adsorbent bed 6 external diameter 0.0099-1.49m, internal diameter 0.0090-1.48m, catch basin 10 wide 0.002-0.5m.
The operating principle of adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material of the present invention, 1 be described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings: in desert area, night, atmospheric temperature was lower, and relative humidity is higher, this is concerning based on the adsorption process of the adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material of temperature difference absorption principle, and is very favourable; Open diffuser 4 this moment, allow adsorbent bed 6 be exposed in the atmosphere, utilize natural wind evenly to penetrate in the adsorbent bed 6 formed uniform air flue between each wire netting ball 9, so that adsorbent 8 is at even continued to flow the steam in the huge air capacity of absorption of All Through The Night, until reaching or near saturated; The heat convection of moving air makes the phase-change material in condensation cover 2 interlayers solidify heat release simultaneously, to realize the cold-storage purpose; To daytime diffuser 4 is closed, adsorbent bed 6 is sealed between condensation cover 2 and the diffuser 4, make Salar light-gathering cover 1 follow the tracks of the operation of looking of the sun then, utilize that beam radia focuses on, transmission, heating adsorbent bed 6 and diffuser 4; Make on the one hand adsorbent bed 6 connect that the light face absorbs and the heat that transforms evenly passes to everywhere adsorbent 8 by wire netting ball 9, so that adsorbent bed 6 sammings, thereby under the prerequisite that improves collecting efficiency, allow water desorption; Make diffuser 4 partially absorb temperature behind the beam radia apparently higher than condensation cover 2 on the other hand, to avoid on diffuser 4 inwalls, water vapor condensation occurring, make it keep original light transmittance, thereby improve collecting efficiency; The fusing of phase-change material heat absorption in the heat convection of atmosphere and condensation cover 2 interlayers makes condensation cover 2 keep lower temperature jointly; Air dew point in this moment sealed condensating cover 2 and the diffuser 4, with desorption process constantly carry out raise with the continuous increase of air water capacity; When this dew point surpasses condensation cover temperature, on top from air layering hotter, than the light-water steam, just condensation in time on condensation cover 2 inwalls on the spot in last setting, flow into downwards in the catch basin 10 that its lower limb is provided with along the inwall of condensation cover 2 according to gravity and surface tension effects then, avoided water droplet to continue to trickle to diffuser 4 inwalls; Diffuser 4 is being provided with down in addition, and the higher slice of steam, has avoided steam condensing of wall within it, thereby has kept original light transmittance of diffuser 4; Catchmenting by intake pipe 11 and water intake valve 12 of catch basin 10 bottoms flows in the water storing vessel of external user, to realize solar energy adsorption type air water intaking process.
The present invention utilizes the desert area low temperature at night, high humidity environment and wind energy, adsorbs and process of cool; Utilize solar energy to carry out desorption process, utilize cold-storage to carry out condensation process; Thereby with the diel is to realize solar energy adsorption type air water intaking process the cycle.The invention solves the fresh water supply problem of desert area, avoided the difficulty of fresh water transportation.
The present invention is owing to condensation cover 2 is being arranged down at last layout, diffuser 4, and employing wire netting ball 9 separation adsorbents 8, so has following advantage than prior art:
1, condensation cover 2 is in last layout, be convenient to from air the top of layering hotter, than the timely condensation of light-water steam; Utilize the cold-storage of the phase-change material of filling out in condensation cover 2 interlayers, quicken condensation process;
2, diffuser 4 is being arranged down, just can avoid higher slice hotter, than the wall condensation within it of light-water steam, keeping original light transmittance of diffuser 4, thus the raising collecting efficiency;
3, diffuser 4 is owing to partially absorb beam radia, and its temperature just can be guaranteed diffuser 4 inwall anhydrous steam condensations, thereby make its light transmittance keep previous level with respect to the raising that is sealed in air dew point in condensation cover 2 and the diffuser 4;
4, wire netting ball 9 both can be to adsorbent 8 heat conduction, the samming in the adsorbent bed 6, thereby improved collecting efficiency; Again can be in adsorbent bed 6 uniform air flue, quicken adsorption process.
Because the water intaking process of adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material is only gone through solar energy heating and these two links of water desorption-condensation, and the efficient of each link is guaranteed, so its system's efficiency of producing drinking water is than two orders of magnitude that exceed of Y.Jannot.
Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material is as shown in Figure 1: long 2m, the plate-like parabolic lens Salar light-gathering cover 1 of wide 1.5m, the focal plane is the circle of diameter 0.2m, phase change cold-storage condensation cover 2 and diffuser 4 are the hemisphere housing of diameter 0.24m, can be tightly connected mutually by elastic tape 5 between its opening, wherein be filled with phase transition temperature in the interlayer that condensation cover 20.02m is thick and be 20 ℃ paraffin, its inwall lower limb is provided with the wide catch basin of 0.01m 10, the bottom of catch basin 10 is connected with outside with water intake valve 12 by intake pipe 11, condensation cover 2 is supported in by support 3 on the focal plane position on snoot 1 top in last setting.The hollow ball that adsorbent bed 6 is made for external diameter 0.2m, internal diameter 0.07m, by thick lattice stainless steel cloth is respectively established the pore of a diameter 0.02m before and after up and down, and adsorbent bed 6 is mounted on 3 suspension hooks 7 times that condensation cover 2 inwall tops are provided with.Being full of diameter in the adsorbent bed 6 is the copper wire tennis 9 of 0.015m, is full of the particle silica gel 8 that amounts to 5.2kg in each copper wire tennis 9.In order to make adsorbent bed 6 obtain solar energy as much as possible, adopt the quartz glass making diffuser 4 higher and lower to the long-wave radiation light transmittance to the solar radiation light transmittance.When the relative humidity when being 60% of air at night, corresponding saturated water absorption is 30% silica gel 8, and its water absorption reaches 1.6kg; To daytime, adsorbent bed 6 is sealed in condensation cover 2 and the diffuser 4, allowing snoot 1 receive per day intensity is 0.7kW/m
2Beam radia, and to adsorbent bed 6 tracking focusing 1.5 hours, silica gel 8 adsorbent beds 6 are under 100-150 ℃ heat-collecting temperature, desorption to saturated water absorption is 5%, this moment, the continuous desorption of moisture content caused the interior water capacity of confined space to increase suddenly, its corresponding dew point is increased to rapidly on condensation cover 2 inner wall temperatures, cause moisture content that a large amount of desorptions come out simultaneously in the 2 inwall condensations of condensation cover, and flow in the catch basin 10 of its lower limb setting downwards along condensation cover 2 inwalls according to gravity and surface tension effects, remove in the adsorbent bed 6 remaining 0.3kg saturation water especially, the moisture content of all the other 1.3kg is like this through desorption, processes such as condensation are removed.Present embodiment 1 can whenever make 6 adsorbent bed 6 absorption, desorption, condensation, water intakings of filling 5.2kg silica gel 8 round the clock successively, produces fresh water 7.8kg altogether, average every m
2The snoot of the daylighting area 2.6kg that fetches water for 1 every day.
Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material is as shown in Figure 1: the column parabolic lens Salar light-gathering cover 1 of long 10m, wide 2m, and its focal length is 1.0m, focuses on than being 10 the long 10m in focal plane, wide 0.2m; Phase change cold-storage condensation cover 2 and diffuser 4 are long 10.04m, the semicolumn housing of diameter 0.24m, can be tightly connected mutually by elastic tape 5 between its opening, wherein be filled with phase transition temperature in the interlayer that condensation cover 20.02m is thick and be 20 ℃ paraffin, its inwall lower limb is provided with the wide catch basin of 0.01m 10, the bottom of catch basin 10 is connected with outside with water intake valve 12 by intake pipe 11, condensation cover 2 is in last setting, be supported in by support 3 on the focal plane position on snoot 1 top, adsorbent bed 6 is long 10m, external diameter 0.2m, internal diameter 0.07m, by the hollow cylinder that thick lattice stainless steel cloth is made, be mounted on 22 suspension hooks 7 times that condensation cover 2 inwall tops are provided with.Being full of diameter in the adsorbent bed 6 is the copper wire tennis 9 of 0.015m, is full of the particle silica gel 8 that amounts to 80.0kg in each copper wire tennis 9.In order to make adsorbent bed 6 obtain solar energy as much as possible, adopt the quartz glass making diffuser 4 higher and lower to the long-wave radiation light transmittance to the solar radiation light transmittance.When the relative humidity when being 60% of air at night, corresponding saturated water absorption is 30% silica gel 8, and water absorption reaches 24.0kg; To daytime, adsorbent bed 6 is sealed in condensation cover 2 and the diffuser 4, allowing snoot 1 receive per day intensity is 0.7kW/m
2Beam radia, and to adsorbent bed 6 tracking focusing 3 hours, silica gel 8 adsorbent beds 6 are under 100-150 ℃ heat-collecting temperature, desorption to saturated water absorption is 5%, this moment, the continuous desorption of moisture content caused the interior water capacity of confined space to increase suddenly, its corresponding dew point is increased to rapidly more than condensation cover 2 inner wall temperatures, cause moisture content that a large amount of desorptions come out simultaneously in the 2 inwall condensations of condensation cover, and flow in the catch basin 10 of its lower limb setting downwards along condensation cover 2 inwalls according to gravity and surface tension effects, remove in the adsorbent bed 6 remaining 4.0kg saturation water especially, the moisture content of all the other 20.0kg is like this through desorption, processes such as condensation are removed.Present embodiment 2 can whenever make 3 adsorbent bed 6 absorption, desorption, condensation, water intakings of filling 80.0kg silica gel 8 round the clock successively, produces fresh water 60.0kg altogether, average every m
2The snoot of the daylighting area 3.0kg that fetches water for 1 every day.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of solar energy device for fetching water from air of forming by Salar light-gathering cover, phase change cold-storage condensation cover, support, diffuser, elastic tape, adsorbent bed, suspension hook, adsorbent, wire netting ball, catch basin, intake pipe, water intake valve; It is characterized in that: the phase change cold-storage condensation cover (2) of this device for fetching water from is in last setting, diffuser (4) is being provided with down, and be tightly connected mutually by elastic tape (5), the condensation cover (2) that is filled with phase-change material in the interlayer is placed on the support (3) of Salar light-gathering cover (1) top focal plane position, adsorbent bed (6) is mounted under the suspension hook (7), suspension hook (7) is fixed on the top of condensation cover (2) inwall, be full of wire netting ball (9) in the adsorbent bed (6), be full of granular adsorption agent (8) in the wire netting ball (9), the inwall lower limb of condensation cover (2) is provided with catch basin (10), and the bottom of catch basin (10) is connected with outside with water intake valve (12) by intake pipe (11); The relevant physical dimension of this device for fetching water from: the long 0.1-100m of Salar light-gathering cover (1), wide 0.05-5m, the long 0.11-101m of condensation cover (2) opening, wide 0.01-1.5m, the long 0.11-101m of diffuser (4) opening, wide 0.01-1.5m, the thick 0.005-0.1m of condensation cover (2) interlayer, wire netting ball (9) diameter 0.005-0.1m, adsorbent bed (6) external diameter 0.0099-1.49m, internal diameter 0.0090-1.48m, the wide 0.002-0.5m of catch basin (10).
2, as claim 1, described device for fetching water from, it is characterized in that: adsorbent (8) is silica gel and/or zeolite.
3, as claim 1, described device for fetching water from, it is characterized in that: the phase-change material of filling in phase change cold-storage condensation cover (2) interlayer is a kind of in paraffin, organic salt, calcium chloride hexahydrate, washing soda, ten phosphate dihydrate sodium or the nitrate trihydrate lithium.
4, as claim 1, described device for fetching water from, it is characterized in that: diffuser (4) is by a kind of the making in quartz glass, heat mirror glass, low iron glass, the simple glass.
5, as claim 1, described device for fetching water from, it is characterized in that: the hollow cylinder with holes that adsorbent bed (6) is made for thick lattice wire gauze, or hollow ball with holes, the polyhedron made for thick lattice wire gauze.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 01102877 CN1124386C (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-02-13 | Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 01102877 CN1124386C (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-02-13 | Adsorption-type solar water generator with air as raw material |
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| CN1313434A CN1313434A (en) | 2001-09-19 |
| CN1124386C true CN1124386C (en) | 2003-10-15 |
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Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2957949B1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2012-10-26 | Wws | DEVICE FOR EXTRACTING WATER CONTAINED IN AIR, SYSTEM AND MACHINE FOR PRODUCING DRINKING WATER |
| CN102287214A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-12-21 | 李光武 | Phase-change cooling device for rescue capsule and refuge chamber |
| CN105275051A (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2016-01-27 | 武汉大学 | Air condensed water collector |
| US10960347B1 (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2021-03-30 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Water vapor harvesting materials and devices |
| CN108895685B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2023-12-12 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Solar transformer heating device |
| CN109653298B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2023-11-10 | 上海海事大学 | Double-absorbent solar air water taking device |
| CN110499805A (en) * | 2019-08-25 | 2019-11-26 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of sea takes fresh water device |
| CN113529859A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-10-22 | 中铁十五局集团有限公司 | Solar water taking device and method suitable for mass concrete curing |
| CN114105241B (en) * | 2021-12-26 | 2024-05-10 | 东北林业大学 | Solar sea water desalination and collection method based on interfacial evaporation principle |
| CN115977201B (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-12-08 | 东南大学 | Condensation water collecting device |
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