CN112433102A - Optical fiber electric field sensor based on F-P interference principle and method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber electric field sensor based on F-P interference principle and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112433102A CN112433102A CN202011104697.9A CN202011104697A CN112433102A CN 112433102 A CN112433102 A CN 112433102A CN 202011104697 A CN202011104697 A CN 202011104697A CN 112433102 A CN112433102 A CN 112433102A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R3/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of measuring instruments, e.g. of probe tips
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Abstract
An optical fiber electric field sensor based on an F-P interference principle comprises an optical fiber electric field sensor, wherein the optical fiber electric field sensor is respectively connected with an adjustable direct current voltage source and an optical fiber sensor demodulator; the optical fiber sensor demodulator is connected with a computer; the manufacturing method of the optical fiber electric field sensor comprises the following steps: inserting the optical fiber into the ceramic contact pin, and cutting the plastic plate into a circle with the same diameter as the piezoelectric ceramic piece; drilling a hole in the center of the plastic plate, and inserting the ceramic contact pin into the hole in the plastic plate; arranging the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the plastic plate with the ceramic contact pin in a stainless steel tube; the steps of measuring by using the optical fiber electric field sensor are as follows: introducing a direct current voltage source; when the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to an external electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to stretching deformation in the thickness direction; transmitting the data to a computer through a demodulator to obtain the cavity length variation; calculating the electric field intensity according to the deformation quantity and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient; the device has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high precision and high response speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric field measurement, and particularly relates to an optical fiber electric field sensor based on an F-P interference principle and a method thereof.
Background
The detection of the electric field is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, electric power systems, meteorological detection, medical treatment and the like. For example, in the aerospace field, in order to ensure the safe launch of a spacecraft, a space electric field is monitored in real time before the spacecraft launches, so that the spacecraft is prevented from being seriously damaged due to natural lightning; in the field of power systems, the electric field around power equipment is accurately measured, and the method has important significance on safe operation, design and manufacture of the power equipment; in the meteorological field, the measurement of the ground and aerial atmospheric electric fields can acquire accurate meteorological information, and can avoid the loss and damage of some natural disasters to human beings. Therefore, the monitoring of the electric field using the electric field sensor plays a very important role in many fields.
At present, there are many types of electric field sensors, and the electric field sensors can be classified into electric field measurement methods, optical electric field measurement methods, and the like according to their operating principles. The origin of the method for measuring the electric field based on the electric principle is earlier, so that the manufacturing technology of the electric field sensor is more mature, and the mature product is provided. However, the sensor based on the electrical principle has the disadvantages of large volume, low precision and the like, so that the application of the sensor is limited to a certain extent. Optical electric field sensors have received increasing attention due to their high accuracy. The existing optical electric field sensor is mainly based on photoelectric effect and has the defects of complex optical path, large volume and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle and a method thereof, and the optical fiber electric field sensor has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high precision and high response speed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an optical fiber electric field sensor based on an F-P interference principle comprises an optical fiber electric field sensor, wherein two electrodes of the optical fiber electric field sensor are connected with an adjustable direct current voltage source, and an optical fiber is connected with an optical channel on an optical fiber sensor demodulator; and the communication interface end of the optical fiber sensor demodulator is connected with a computer.
The optical fiber electric field sensor comprises a stainless steel pipe, and a plastic plate is arranged in the inner cavity of the stainless steel pipe; a ceramic pin is inserted on the plastic board, and the left end of the ceramic pin is inserted with an optical fiber; one end of the stainless steel pipe is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic piece; the lead is connected to the two electrodes on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The optical fiber adopts a single mode optical fiber.
The piezoelectric ceramic plate is a wafer with the diameter of 18 mm.
The stainless steel pipe 4 has an inner diameter of 20mm and a length of 30 mm.
The optical fiber sensor demodulator adopts an optical fiber sensor demodulator applicable to F-P and FBG.
The manufacturing method of the optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle comprises the following steps:
and 3, fixing the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the plastic plate with the ceramic pin in the stainless steel tube, and leaving a tiny space between the ceramic pin and the piezoelectric ceramic piece, wherein the space is a Fabry-Perot cavity.
In the process of bonding the ceramic contact pin inserted with the optical fiber and the ceramic contact pin inserted with the optical fiber, the bare end surface of the optical fiber needs to be kept clean.
The method for measuring the electric field by using the optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle comprises the following steps:
1) a direct current voltage source is introduced, and a corresponding electric field can be generated around the piezoelectric ceramic plate;
2) when the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to an external electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to stretching deformation in the thickness direction;
3) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed, the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot cavity in the optical fiber electric field sensor is changed along with the change of the piezoelectric ceramic piece;
4) the change of the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity transmits information to a computer through an optical fiber sensor demodulator to obtain the change of the cavity length;
5) because the piezoceramics piece is as the sensitive side of Fabry-Perot chamber, the deformation quantity S of the long variation delta l of Fabry-Perot chamber and piezoceramics piece thickness is equal, promptly: s ═ Δ l;
6) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed in a stretching way, the relation between the deformation quantity and the electric field value is as follows:
S＝dtE
wherein S is the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic, E is the electric field intensity applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, and dtAnd (4) calculating the strength of the measured electric field according to the deformation quantity and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the piezoelectric ceramic chip adopted by the sensitive element has the advantages of high sensitivity, light weight, good stability and the like, and the accuracy and the rapidity of electric field measurement can be realized by combining an optical measurement technology.
The device of the invention uses the ceramic contact pin, and the optical fiber is inserted into the ceramic contact pin, so that the alignment of the optical fiber end face and the piezoelectric ceramic end face can be realized more conveniently, and the transmission of optical signals is better ensured.
The invention provides an optical fiber electric field sensor based on an F-P interference principle, which can accurately and effectively realize the measurement of the electric field intensity. The device has the advantages of small volume, simple manufacture, high precision, good stability, strong anti-interference capability and the like, can be widely applied to the fields of engineering measurement and scientific research, and provides a good experimental basis for research in various fields.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an optical fiber electric field sensor
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the optical fiber electric field sensor
In the figure: 1-optical fiber, 2-ceramic contact pin, 3-piezoelectric ceramic piece, 4-stainless steel tube, 5-lead, 6-plastic plate, 7-optical fiber sensor demodulator, 8-computer, 9-adjustable DC voltage source, 10-optical fiber electric field sensor.
Detailed Description
The structural and operational principles of the present invention are explained in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 2, an optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle includes an optical fiber electric field sensor 10, and is characterized in that two electrodes of the optical fiber electric field sensor 10 are connected with an adjustable direct current voltage source 9, and an optical fiber is connected with an optical channel on an optical fiber sensor demodulator 7; the communication interface end of the optical fiber sensor demodulator 7 is connected with a computer 8.
Referring to fig. 1, the optical fiber electric field sensor 10 includes a stainless steel tube 4, and a plastic plate 6 is disposed in an inner cavity of the stainless steel tube 4; a ceramic pin 2 is inserted on the plastic board 6, and an optical fiber 1 is inserted at the left end of the ceramic pin 2; one end of the stainless steel tube 4 is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic piece 3; the lead 5 is connected with two electrodes on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic plate 3. The optical fiber 1 adopts a single mode optical fiber.
The piezoelectric ceramic sheet is a wafer.
The piezoelectric ceramic plate is a wafer with the diameter of 18 mm.
The stainless steel pipe 4 has an inner diameter of 20mm and a length of 30 mm.
The Fabry-Perot cavity with the air as a medium is arranged by taking the ceramic contact pin inserted with the optical fiber as one end face, the Fabry-Perot cavity comprises two reflecting end faces, one reflecting end face is the ceramic contact pin inserted with the optical fiber, the other reflecting end face is a piezoelectric ceramic piece, when an electric field is applied, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to thickness stretching deformation to change the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity, an optical signal can be changed according to the change of the cavity length of an F-P interference principle, the change of the optical signal is converted into information of the change of the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity through an optical fiber sensor demodulator, and the measurement of the electric field is.
The optical fiber adopts 9/125 single-mode optical fiber, and the interface type is FC/APC. The piezoelectric ceramic plate is a wafer with the diameter of 18mm, and the length of the stainless steel tube with the inner diameter of 20mm is 30 mm. The optical fiber sensor demodulator adopts an optical fiber sensor demodulator applicable to F-P and FBG.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
a direct current voltage source is introduced, and a corresponding electric field can be generated around the piezoelectric ceramic plate; when the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to an external electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to stretching deformation in the thickness direction; when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed, the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot cavity in the optical fiber electric field sensor is changed along with the change of the piezoelectric ceramic piece; the change of the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity transmits information to a computer through an optical fiber sensor demodulator to obtain the change of the cavity length; because the piezoelectric ceramic piece is used as the sensitive side of the Fabry-Perot cavity, the variation delta l of the length of the Fabry-Perot cavity is equal to the deformation quantity S of the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece, and when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed in a stretching way, the strength of the measured electric field is obtained according to the deformation quantity and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
As shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber comprises a single mode optical fiber 1, a ceramic ferrule 2, a piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, a stainless steel tube 4, a lead 5 and a plastic plate 6. 8/125A single mode fiber is selected with the type of interface FC/APC, the coating is stripped from the tail end of the fiber to expose the bare fiber portion of the fiber, and the fiber end face is then cut flat or polished. Inserting the processed optical fiber into the ceramic contact pin, then bonding the processed optical fiber and the ceramic contact pin, and paying attention to the cleanness of the end face of the optical fiber in the bonding process to ensure the optical signal transmission of the optical fiber; cutting the plastic plate into a shape with the same size as the piezoelectric ceramic plate, drilling a hole (the aperture is the same as the size of the ceramic pin) at the central position of the plastic plate, inserting the ceramic pin into the plastic plate and fixedly bonding the ceramic pin and the plastic plate; and finally, fixedly bonding the plastic plate with the ceramic pins and the piezoelectric ceramic plate in the stainless steel tube, and enabling the end surfaces of the piezoelectric ceramic plate and the plastic plate to be parallel.
As shown in fig. 2, the optical fiber sensor demodulator 7, the computer 8, the adjustable direct current voltage source 9 and the optical fiber electric field sensor 10. Before the optical fiber electric field sensor measures, the optical fiber electric field sensor, the optical fiber sensor demodulator and the computer are connected in sequence, and then whether an optical signal exists in a demodulation system in the computer is checked. And after the detection is finished, the size of the direct-current voltage source is adjusted at will, and whether the corresponding optical signal changes or not is observed to ensure the subsequent measurement work. When the optical fiber electric field sensor measures an electric field, the following steps are adopted:
1) a direct current voltage source is introduced, and a corresponding electric field can be generated around the piezoelectric ceramic plate;
2) when the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to an external electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to stretching deformation in the thickness direction;
3) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed, the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot cavity in the optical fiber electric field sensor is changed along with the change of the piezoelectric ceramic piece;
4) the change of the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity transmits information to a computer through an optical fiber sensor demodulator, so that the change of the cavity length is obtained;
5) because the piezoceramics piece is as the sensitive side of Fabry-Perot chamber, the deformation quantity S of the long variation delta l of Fabry-Perot chamber and piezoceramics piece thickness is equal, promptly: s ═ Δ l;
6) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed in a stretching way, the relation between the deformation quantity and the electric field value is as follows:
S＝dtE
wherein S is the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic, E is the electric field intensity received by the piezoelectric ceramic, and dtAnd (4) calculating the strength of the measured electric field according to the deformation quantity and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Claims (7)
1. An optical fiber electric field sensor based on an F-P interference principle comprises an optical fiber electric field sensor (10), and is characterized in that two electrodes of the optical fiber electric field sensor (10) are connected with an adjustable direct current voltage source (9), and an optical fiber is connected with an optical channel on an optical fiber sensor demodulator (7); and the communication interface end of the optical fiber sensor demodulator (7) is connected with a computer (8).
2. The optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical fiber electric field sensor (10) comprises a stainless steel tube (4), and a plastic plate (6) is arranged in the inner cavity of the stainless steel tube (4); a ceramic pin (2) is inserted on the plastic board (6), and the left end of the ceramic pin (2) is inserted with the optical fiber (1); one end of the stainless steel tube (4) is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic piece (3); the lead (5) is connected with the two electrodes on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic piece (3).
3. The fiber optic electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle according to claim 2, characterized in that the optical fiber (1) is a single mode fiber.
4. The fiber optic electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the piezoceramic wafer is a wafer with a diameter of 18 mm.
5. The fiber optic electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the stainless steel tube (4) has an inner diameter of 20mm and a length of 30 mm.
6. The manufacturing method of the optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, inserting the processed optical fiber into a ceramic contact pin, fixedly bonding the optical fiber and the ceramic contact pin by using glue, and cutting a plastic plate into a circle with the same diameter as that of the piezoelectric ceramic piece;
step 2, drilling a hole in the center of the cut circular plastic plate by using an electric drill, inserting the ceramic contact pin into the plastic plate with the drilled hole and fixedly bonding the ceramic contact pin and the plastic plate;
and 3, fixing the piezoelectric ceramic piece and the plastic plate with the ceramic pin in the stainless steel tube, and leaving a tiny space between the ceramic pin and the piezoelectric ceramic piece, wherein the space is a Fabry-Perot cavity.
7. The method for measuring the electric field by using the optical fiber electric field sensor based on the F-P interference principle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) a direct current voltage source is introduced, and a corresponding electric field can be generated around the piezoelectric ceramic plate;
2) when the piezoelectric ceramic piece is subjected to an external electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic piece can be subjected to stretching deformation in the thickness direction;
3) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed, the cavity length of a Fabry-Perot cavity in the optical fiber electric field sensor is changed along with the change of the piezoelectric ceramic piece;
4) the change of the cavity length of the Fabry-Perot cavity transmits information to a computer through an optical fiber sensor demodulator to obtain the change of the cavity length;
5) because the piezoceramics piece is as the sensitive side of Fabry-Perot chamber, the deformation quantity S of the long variation delta l of Fabry-Perot chamber and piezoceramics piece thickness is equal, promptly: s ═ Δ l;
6) when the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic piece is deformed in a stretching way, the relation between the deformation quantity and the electric field value is as follows:
S＝dtE
wherein S is the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic, E is the electric field intensity applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, and dtAnd (4) calculating the strength of the measured electric field according to the deformation quantity and the inverse piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric ceramic piece.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113281579A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 西安理工大学 | Chip packaging electrostatic measurement sensor based on F-P interference principle |
| CN113476020A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-08 | 西安理工大学 | Passive pulse measuring device based on F-P |
| CN113805014A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 西安理工大学 | Capacitive-based optical fiber partial discharge detection device and detection method |
| CN113804281A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 西安理工大学 | Sound wave vibration measuring device based on F-P optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensing principle |
| CN113804986A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-17 | 西安理工大学 | High-resolution electric field detection probe and detection method based on narrow-band light source |
| CN114034881A (en) * | 2021-09-22 | 2022-02-11 | 大连理工大学 | Optical fiber sensor for monitoring flow velocity of pipeline fluid |
| CN115452019A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-12-09 | 东北电力大学 | Note-shaped optical fiber voltage sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference principle and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN117368557A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Optical fiber current transformer based on phase demodulation and application thereof in cable sheath grounding current detection |
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Application publication date: 20210302 |