CN112431688B - High-temperature pure air test system of scramjet engine - Google Patents
High-temperature pure air test system of scramjet engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112431688B CN112431688B CN202011309971.6A CN202011309971A CN112431688B CN 112431688 B CN112431688 B CN 112431688B CN 202011309971 A CN202011309971 A CN 202011309971A CN 112431688 B CN112431688 B CN 112431688B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K7/00—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof
- F02K7/10—Plants in which the working fluid is used in a jet only, i.e. the plants not having a turbine or other engine driving a compressor or a ducted fan; Control thereof characterised by having ram-action compression, i.e. aero-thermo-dynamic-ducts or ram-jet engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/057—Control or regulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature pure air test system of a scramjet engine, which comprises a low-pressure air supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a nitrogen supply unit, a high-pressure air supply unit, a natural gas supply unit, a fuel gas generator, a heat accumulating type heater, a circulating cooling water supply unit, a fuel gas discharge unit, a direct connection test device and a test tail gas discharge unit, wherein the low-pressure air supply unit is connected with the oxygen supply unit; through the cooperation of the units, the long-time safe and reliable operation of three stages of gas preheating, pressurization heat exchange and direct connection test operation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-temperature pure air test system and a safety control method, in particular to a heat accumulating type high-temperature pure air test system capable of adjusting working conditions in a large range and a safety control method.
Background
The direct-connection test bed of the scramjet mostly adopts pollution heating modes such as combustion heating or electric arc heating. However, there are many differences between the performance of the ground test of the simulated incoming flow by using a methane generator or an electric arc heating mode of fuels such as methane, hydrogen, alcohol, kerosene and the like and the performance of the actual incoming flow of pure air in the working process of the scramjet, and the simulated incoming flow mainly contains H2O、CO2And NOx, etc., thereby creating a "polluting effect".
Based on the defects of the existing direct connection test bed of the scramjet engine, the development trend is realized by adopting high-temperature pure air as simulated incoming flow.
At present, a simulated incoming flow which utilizes a heat accumulating type heating technology to generate pure air to serve as a direct connection test bed of a scramjet engine is proposed at home and abroad, and the basic realization principle is as follows: preheating a burner with air/natural gas to generate heat and storing the heat in a heat storage bed; in the test stage, heat is released from the heat storage material and transferred to cold air to form high-temperature and high-pressure simulated incoming flow, so that high-enthalpy pure test air which is free of pollution and completely meets the requirements of chemical and physical properties can be supplied theoretically, and the high-enthalpy pure test air can work together with equipment such as a combustion heater and the like when needed to meet the purpose of high Mach number test research.
However, the existing data of the prior art only refers to the structure of the heat accumulating type heater, the content of how to construct the high-temperature pure air test system of the scramjet engine through the heat accumulating type heater is very limited, and only some data disclose that the test process of the high-temperature pure air test system is divided into three stages, including a gas preheating stage, a pressurization heat exchange stage and a direct connection test operation stage.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirement that the scramjet engine adopts high-temperature pure air as simulated incoming flow, a set of scramjet engine high-temperature pure air test system capable of realizing safe and reliable operation of three stages of fuel gas preheating, pressurization heat exchange and direct connection test operation needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-temperature pure air test system of a scramjet engine, which solves the problem that the prior art can not provide a long-time safe and reliable operation system in three stages of fuel gas preheating, pressurization heat exchange and direct connection test operation, so that high-temperature pure air simulation incoming flow is generated.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the high-temperature pure air test system of the scramjet engine comprises a low-pressure air supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a nitrogen supply unit, a high-pressure air supply unit, a natural gas supply unit, a fuel gas generator, a heat accumulating type heater, a circulating cooling water supply unit, a fuel gas discharge unit, a direct connection test device and a test tail gas discharge unit;
the heat accumulating type heater is internally provided with a hollow brick heat accumulator, and thermocouples are arranged in the axial direction and the radial direction;
the heat accumulating type heater is respectively connected with the high-pressure air supply unit and the fuel gas discharge unit through a tee joint arranged at the bottom of the heat accumulating type heater, and high-temperature and high-pressure valves are arranged between the heat accumulating type heater and the high-pressure air supply unit and between the heat accumulating type heater and the fuel gas discharge unit;
the top of the heat accumulating type heater is connected with the fuel gas generator; the gas generator is provided with a pressure sensor;
the side of the heat accumulating type heater close to the top is sequentially connected with a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, a mixing flow equalizer, a spray pipe, a direct connection test device and a test tail gas emission unit;
the low-pressure air of the low-pressure air supply unit is divided into two paths, one path of low-pressure air is connected with the fuel gas generator sequentially through the mixing homogenizer and is used as a main combustion oxidant of the fuel gas generator, and the other path of low-pressure air is connected with the fuel gas discharge unit through a pore plate and is used as a mixing cooling medium of the fuel gas discharge unit;
the oxygen supply unit is connected with the fuel gas generator through the uniform mixing device and is used as a supplementary combustion oxidant of the fuel gas generator;
the nitrogen of the nitrogen supply unit is divided into three paths, one path is connected with all pneumatic valves in the system and used for providing instruction gas for all the pneumatic valves, the other path is connected with a 1:1 pressure reducing valve in the high-pressure air supply unit and used for providing driving gas for the 1:1 pressure reducing valve, and the other path is connected with the natural gas supply unit and used for providing blowing gas for the natural gas supply unit;
the natural gas supply unit is connected with the fuel gas generator and is used for providing fuel for combustion of the fuel gas generator;
the gas generator adopts a pintle injection form, pintle adjustment is controlled through cylinder actuation, the pintle surface shutdown function is realized, and the UV flame detector is arranged on the gas generator;
the circulating cooling water supply unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas generator, the heat accumulating type heater, the high-temperature high-pressure valve, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, the blending flow equalizer and the spray pipe and is used for providing cooling water;
the high-pressure air of the high-pressure air supply system unit is divided into three paths, and one path is connected with the fuel gas generator through the uniform mixer and is used for providing protective air for the fuel gas generator; one path of the air flows to the heat accumulating type heater for heat exchange and is used for providing high-pressure pure cold air into the heat accumulating type heater; one path is connected with a mixing flow equalizer and is used as secondary mixing air of high-temperature high-pressure pure air.
The working principle of the system is as follows:
in the preheating process, a high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of a high-pressure air supply unit is in a closed state, a high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of a gas discharge unit is in an open state, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is in a closed state, a gas generator ignites to form high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas with a certain temperature and flow rate, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas flows through a hollow brick heat accumulator of a heat accumulation type heater, the heat of the gas is stored in the heat accumulator through convection heat exchange, heat insulation and heat preservation are carried out by an external heat insulation layer, the low-temperature oxygen-enriched gas after heat exchange is discharged to the outside through the gas discharge unit, the gas generator gradually adjusts the low-flow and low-temperature to high-flow and high-temperature working conditions, the overall temperature distribution condition of the heat accumulator is monitored in real time through a thermocouple, the temperature rise rate of the heat accumulator is controlled within a certain range, and finally a temperature gradient is formed along the axial direction of the heat accumulator.
In the process of pressure boost heat exchange, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve and a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a fuel gas discharge unit are in a closed state, a gas generator actuates a pintle through a cylinder to perform surface shutdown, a high-pressure air supply unit supplies small-flow high-pressure protective air, the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is opened, high-pressure pure cold air is supplied to a heat accumulating type heater at a certain pressure boosting rate, and after the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is increased to a target pressure, the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is closed to perform balance heat exchange;
in the direct connection test working process, a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a gas discharge unit and a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a high-pressure air supply unit are kept in a closed state, a gas generator is kept in a face-off state, low-flow high-pressure protective air supply is kept, secondary mixed air is supplied by a high-pressure air supply unit, certain gas back pressure is formed in a mixed flow equalizer at the rear end of a high-temperature high-pressure quick-response valve, the high-temperature high-pressure quick-response valve is opened, high-temperature high-pressure pure air after heat exchange is mixed with the secondary mixed air in the mixed flow equalizer, and a certain temperature and high-pressure simulated incoming flow of pressure are provided for a direct connection test device.
Further, the high pressure air supply unit includes a first screw air compressor, a high pressure tank, a first dryer, a first high pressure air supply pipeline, a second high pressure air supply pipeline, and a third high pressure air supply pipeline;
the first screw air compressor is connected with the first dryer through a high-pressure storage tank, the generated high-pressure air is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a first high-pressure air supply pipeline, is connected with the tee joint through a second high-pressure air supply pipeline and a high-temperature high-pressure valve, and is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a third high-pressure air supply pipeline;
an automatic pressure reducing valve and an orifice plate are sequentially arranged on the first high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air;
a 1:1 pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially arranged on the second high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air;
an automatic pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially arranged on the third high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air.
Further, the low-pressure air supply unit comprises a first screw air compressor, a pressure stabilizing storage tank, a first dryer, a first low-pressure air supply pipeline and a second low-pressure air supply pipeline;
the first screw air compressor is connected with the first dryer through the pressure stabilizing storage box, and the generated low-pressure air is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a first low-pressure air supply pipeline and is connected with the fuel gas discharge unit through a second low-pressure air supply pipeline.
Further, the oxygen supply unit comprises an oxygen cylinder group and an oxygen supply pipeline; the oxygen cylinder group is connected with the uniform mixer through an oxygen supply pipeline; an automatic pressure reducing valve and an orifice plate are sequentially arranged on the oxygen supply pipeline along the flow direction of oxygen.
Further, the nitrogen supply unit comprises a nitrogen gas cylinder group, a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline, a second nitrogen gas supply pipe and a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline; the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with all pneumatic valves in the system through a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline, the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with a 1:1 pressure reducing valve of the high-pressure air supply unit through a second nitrogen gas supply pipeline, and the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with the natural gas supply unit through a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline.
Further, the natural gas supply unit comprises a gas booster pump, a natural gas storage tank and a natural gas supply pipeline; the inlet end of the gas booster pump is connected with a municipal natural gas source, the outlet end of the gas booster pump is connected with a natural gas storage tank, and the natural gas storage tank is connected with the fuel gas generator through a natural gas supply pipeline; an automatic pressure reducing valve and a pore plate are sequentially arranged on the natural gas supply pipeline along the flow direction of the natural gas.
Further, the gas discharge unit comprises a gas discharge pipe and an axial flow fan; one end of the fuel gas discharge pipe is connected with the tee joint through a high-temperature high-pressure valve, and the other end of the fuel gas discharge pipe is provided with an axial flow fan; and a cooling water nozzle and a low-pressure air interface are arranged on the gas discharge pipe.
Further, the circulating cooling water supply unit comprises a water tank, a multi-stage pump, a heat dissipation tower, a water supply pipeline and a recovery pipeline;
the water inlet end of the water tank is connected with the heat dissipation tower, the water outlet end of the water tank is connected with each unit in the system through a multistage pump and a water supply pipeline, and the heat dissipation tower is connected with each unit in the system through a recovery pipeline.
Furthermore, the mixing homogenizer and the gas generator, and the natural gas supply pipeline and the gas generator are connected through high-pressure metal hoses; the second high-pressure air supply pipeline is a high-pressure corrugated pipe.
Furthermore, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve adopts a right-angle valve, the cylinder is controlled in an actuating mode, the control gas cylinder is independently arranged, the axial lines of the valve core and the side outlet close to the top of the heat accumulating type heater are consistent, and the opening direction of the valve is consistent with the airflow direction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the system adopts the pump pressure type municipal natural gas and dry air supply, can continuously, safely and reliably run for a long time, has small pipeline size after pressurization, is simplified in system equipment layout, utilizes the mixing homogenizer to mix and supplement oxygen, improves the upper limit of the working temperature of the fuel gas generator, widens the adjusting range of heat source power, carries out high-temperature and high-pressure pure air simulation inflow supply under low working conditions in a secondary air mixing mode, reduces the limitation of the flow load of the heater, generates high-temperature and high-pressure pure air by applying the high-temperature and high-pressure pure air test system, and can meet the inflow requirement of ground simulation flight envelope under large-range working conditions.
(2) The high-pressure and high-pressure switching device effectively reduces the danger of high-pressure overrun of equipment caused by high-pressure and low-pressure switching, the high-temperature and high-pressure quick response valve, the gas generator and the heat accumulating type heater are all rigidly connected through the flange, and each supply system and the heat accumulating type heater are connected in a flexible mode, so that the deformation of a high-pressure pipeline caused by thermal stress caused by the temperature rise of the heater is prevented; in the pressurizing process of the heater, the gas generator adopts a pintle ball head reverse surface shutdown mode to replace a high-temperature valve isolation scheme, so that the complexity and the cost of the system are reduced; in the operation process of the heater, the high-pressure air is pre-charged in the blending flow equalizer behind the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, so that the heat load control in the opening and closing process of the blending flow equalizer is ensured to be in a bearable range; the technical problems of sealing isolation, thermal protection and thermal stress in the system operation process are solved through the special system principle design.
(3) The high-temperature pure air test system is safe, orderly and controllable in work and effectively reduces the use risk of the system by a method of combining a linkage control automatic protection program and emergency manual braking.
In the preheating process of the system, when a flameout condition occurs in the long-time operation process of the gas generator in a closed heater container, the temperature difference feedback signals of the UV flame detector and the thermocouple are automatically fed back to the control host to implement linkage control, the main valve of the natural gas supply unit is automatically cut off, and meanwhile, the pintle of the gas generator automatically performs surface shutdown; when a temperature measuring point of the gas discharge unit exceeds a set limit, cooling water spray is started, and mixed air cooling is automatically switched, so that the working temperature of an exhaust pipeline and an axial flow fan is prevented from being out of tolerance; in the pressurizing heat exchange and direct connection test process, if the gas generator surface is out of order, the high-temperature high-pressure valve is in failure, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is in failure, the heater tank body is in overpressure, or the test tail gas discharge system is in failure, the high-pressure air main valve and the high-temperature high-pressure valve are automatically and emergently cut off, the high-pressure air source is cut off in a double-guarantee mode, meanwhile, the cooling water spray cooling and the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve of the test tail gas discharge system are sequentially opened, and the system is provided with an automatic protection emergency program to guarantee safe and reliable operation. The high-temperature pure air test system can work safely, orderly and controllably, and the use risk of the system is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wide operating range high temperature pure air test system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a media flow diagram of the high temperature pure air test system of the present invention during preheating;
FIG. 3 is a medium flow diagram of the high temperature pure air test system of the present invention during a direct connection test.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1-low pressure air supply unit, 2-oxygen supply unit, 3-nitrogen supply unit, 4-high pressure air supply unit, 5-natural gas supply unit, 6-fuel gas generator, 7-heat accumulating type heater, 8-circulating cooling water supply unit, 9-fuel gas discharge unit, 10-direct connection test device, 11-test tail gas discharge unit, 12-hollow brick heat accumulator, 13-thermocouple, 14-tee joint, 15-high temperature and high pressure valve, 16-high temperature and high pressure quick response valve, 17-blending homogenizer, 18-spray pipe, 19-high pressure metal hose, 20-first screw air compressor, 21-high pressure storage tank, 22-first drier, 23-first high pressure air supply pipeline, 23-nitrogen gas supply unit, 9-high pressure air supply unit, 6-test tail gas discharge unit, 11-test tail gas discharge unit, 12-hollow brick heat accumulator, 13-thermocouple, 14-tee joint, 15-high temperature and high pressure valve, 17-blending homogenizer, 18-spray pipe, 19-high pressure metal hose, 20-first screw air compressor, 21-high pressure storage tank, 22-first drier, 23-first high pressure air supply pipeline, 2-nitrogen gas supply unit, 4-high pressure gas supply unit, 2-high pressure gas supply unit, 9-high pressure gas discharge unit, 2-high pressure gas discharge unit, and high pressure gas discharge unit, 9-high pressure gas discharge unit, 2, 10-high pressure gas discharge unit, 2-high pressure gas discharge unit, and high pressure gas discharge unit, 2-high pressure gas discharge unit, 2-high pressure gas discharge unit, 2, and high pressure gas discharge unit, and high pressure gas discharge unit, 6, 9, and high pressure gas discharge unit, and high pressure gas discharge unit, 2, 6, and high pressure gas discharge unit, 6, 24-a second high-pressure air supply pipeline, 25-a third high-pressure air supply pipeline, 26-a mixing homogenizer, 27-a UV flame detector, 28-a second screw air compressor, 29-a pressure stabilizing storage tank, 30-a second dryer, 31-a first low-pressure air supply pipeline, 32-a second low-pressure air supply pipeline, 33-an oxygen gas bottle group, 34-an oxygen gas supply pipeline, 35-a nitrogen gas bottle group, 36-a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline, 37-a second nitrogen gas supply pipeline, 38-a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline, 39-a gas booster pump, 40-a natural gas storage tank, 41-a natural gas supply pipeline, 42-a gas discharge pipe, 43-an axial flow fan, 44-a water tank, 45-a multi-stage pump, 46-a heat dissipation tower, 47-water supply line, 48-recovery line.
A-protective air, B-high-pressure pure cold air, C-secondary mixed air, D-dry air, E-low-flow mixed air, F-oxygen, G-oxygen-enriched air, H-instruction air, I-driving air, J-blowing degassing, K-natural gas, L-low-pressure air interface, M-high-enthalpy simulated incoming flow and N-high-temperature high-pressure pure air.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides a specific structure of a high-temperature pure air test system of a scramjet engine, and as shown in fig. 1, the high-temperature pure air test system comprises a low-pressure air supply unit 1, an oxygen supply unit 2, a nitrogen supply unit 3, a high-pressure air supply unit 4, a natural gas supply unit 5, a gas generator 6, a heat accumulating type heater 7, a circulating cooling water supply unit 8, a gas discharge unit 9, a direct connection test device 10 and a test tail gas discharge unit 11;
the heat accumulator heater 7 is vertically installed, the preheating process is a down-blowing scheme, the high-pressure air pressurization process is from bottom to top, a hollow brick heat accumulator 12 is arranged in the heat accumulator heater, and thermocouples 13 are axially and radially arranged;
the top of the heat accumulating type heater 7 is directly connected with the fuel gas generator 6;
the heat accumulating type heater 7 is respectively connected with the high-pressure air supply unit 4 and the fuel gas discharge unit 9 through a tee joint 14 arranged at the bottom of the heat accumulating type heater, and high-temperature and high-pressure valves 15 are arranged between the heat accumulating type heater 7 and the high-pressure air supply unit 4 and between the heat accumulating type heater 7 and the fuel gas discharge unit 9 to realize the switching-off or switching-on;
the side of the heat accumulating type heater 7 close to the top is sequentially connected with a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16, a mixing flow equalizer 17, a spray pipe 18 and a direct connection test device 10;
the high-pressure air supply unit 4 includes a first screw air compressor 20, a high-pressure tank 21, a first dryer 22, a first high-pressure air supply line 23, a second high-pressure air supply line 24, and a third high-pressure air supply line 25;
the first screw air compressor 20 is connected to the first dryer 22 via a high-pressure tank 21, and the generated high-pressure air is divided into three paths, one of which is connected to a mixer 26 via a first high-pressure air supply line 23 and is used as protective air a for the gas generator 6; one path is connected with the tee joint 14 through a second high-pressure air supply pipeline 24 and a high-temperature high-pressure valve 15, high-pressure pure cold air B is provided for heat exchange in the heat accumulating type heater 7, and high-temperature high-pressure pure air N is generated after heat exchange; one path is connected with the blending flow equalizer 17 through a third high-pressure air supply pipeline 25 and is used as secondary blending air C of high-temperature high-pressure pure air; wherein, an automatic pressure reducing valve and a pore plate are sequentially arranged on the first high-pressure air supply pipeline 23 along the flow direction of high-pressure air; a 1:1 pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially arranged on the second high-pressure air supply pipeline 24 along the flow direction of high-pressure air; an automatic pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially provided on the third high-pressure air supply line 25 along the flow direction of the high-pressure air.
The low-pressure air supply unit 1 includes a second screw air compressor 28, a surge tank 29, a second dryer 30, a first low-pressure air supply line 31, and a second low-pressure air supply line 32;
the low-pressure air supply unit 1 provides a low-pressure air source through a second screw air compressor 28, a pressure stabilizing storage tank 29 and a second dryer 30, the second screw air compressor 28 can keep running for a long time and is cooled by a fan, the pressure stabilizing storage tank 29 serves as a buffer air bottle and can provide stable air pressure, and the second dryer 30 provides dry air, so that ignition and combustion of a fuel gas generator are facilitated, and influence of air moisture accumulation on refractory materials in a heat accumulating type heater is avoided;
the second screw air compressor 28 is connected with the second dryer 30 through a pressure stabilizing tank 29, the generated low-pressure air is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the mixer 26 through a first low-pressure air supply pipeline 31 to provide dry air D capable of adjusting flow in a wide range and used as a main combustion oxidant of the gas generator, and meanwhile, the second screw air compressor is connected with the gas discharge unit 9 through a second low-pressure air supply pipeline 32 to supply constant low-flow blended air E which is used as a blended cooling medium of the gas discharge unit 9.
The oxygen supply unit 2 includes an oxygen cylinder group 33 and an oxygen supply pipe 34; the oxygen gas cylinder group 33 is connected with the uniform mixer 26 through an oxygen supply pipeline 34; an automatic pressure reducing valve and an orifice plate are sequentially arranged on the oxygen supply pipeline 34 along the flow direction of oxygen; the oxygen supplied from the oxygen cylinder group 33 is supplied with the oxygen F capable of wide flow rate adjustment through the automatic pressure reducing valve and the orifice plate, and is used as a supplementary combustion oxidant for the gas generator 6, so that the combustion temperature of the gas generator can be increased, and the oxygen F and the dry air D are mixed by the mixer 26 to form uniform oxygen-enriched air to be supplied to the gas generator for the high working condition of the regenerative heater.
The nitrogen gas supply unit 3 includes a nitrogen gas cylinder group 35, a first nitrogen gas supply line 36, a second nitrogen gas supply line 37, and a third nitrogen gas supply line 38; the nitrogen gas supplied by the nitrogen gas cylinder group 35 is divided into three paths, one path is connected with all pneumatic valves in the system through a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline 36 and used for command gas H of all pneumatic valves of the high-temperature pure air test system, the other path is connected with a 1:1 pressure reducing valve of the high-pressure air supply unit 4 through a second nitrogen gas supply pipeline 37 and used for driving gas I of the 1:1 pressure reducing valve of the high-pressure air supply system, and the other path is connected with the natural gas supply unit 9 through a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline 38 and used for providing blowing gas J for the natural gas supply unit.
The natural gas supply system 5 includes a gas booster pump 39, a natural gas tank 40, and a natural gas supply line 41; the inlet end of a gas booster pump 39 is connected with a municipal natural gas source, the outlet end of the gas booster pump 39 is connected with a natural gas storage tank 40, and the natural gas storage tank 40 is connected with the gas generator 6 through a natural gas supply pipeline 41; an automatic pressure reducing valve and a pore plate are sequentially arranged on the natural gas supply pipeline 41 along the flow direction of the natural gas;
the municipal natural gas source is adopted, so that the system can be ensured to continuously supply fuel for a long time, the fuel is stored in the natural gas storage box 40 after being pressurized by the gas booster pump 39, the natural gas with the pressure increased enables the diameter of the natural gas supply pipeline 41 to be reduced, the system layout is convenient, the flow rate of the gas flow is reduced, the long-time operation is safe and reliable, and the natural gas K which can be subjected to large-range flow regulation is supplied by the automatic pressure reducing valve and the orifice plate and is used as the fuel for combustion of the gas generator.
The gas generator 6 adopts a pintle injection form, the UV flame detector 27 is arranged on the pintle, the pintle adjustment is controlled through the actuation of the cylinder, the momentum ratio of the oxygen-enriched air and the natural gas is controlled to realize the adjustment of working conditions in a large range and the stable combustion, the oxygen-enriched gas heat source with different grade powers is provided, the gas generator has a pintle surface shutdown function, and the isolation between the gas generator and the interior of the furnace body is ensured in a high-pressure air pressurization stage.
The gas discharge system unit 9 includes a gas discharge pipe 42 and an axial flow fan 43; one end of the fuel gas discharge pipe 42 is connected with the tee joint 14 through the high-temperature high-pressure valve 15, and the other end is provided with an axial flow fan 43; the gas discharge pipe 42 is provided with a cooling water nozzle 43 and a low-pressure air port L.
When the gas generator is used at low power, the oxygen-enriched gas in the gas discharge pipe 42 is mixed with the air E at low flow rate to reduce the temperature, and when the gas generator is used at high power, the oxygen-enriched gas in the gas discharge pipe 42 is sprayed and cooled by softened cooling water, and a gas flow path negative pressure environment is formed by the axial flow fan 43 to ensure that the gas in the heater is not accumulated.
The circulating cooling water supply unit 8 includes a water tank 44, a multistage pump 45, a heat-radiating tower 46, a water supply line 47, and a recovery line 48; the water inlet end of the water tank 44 is connected with a heat dissipation tower 46, the water outlet end of the water tank 44 is connected with each unit in the system through a multistage pump 45 and a water supply pipeline 47, and the heat dissipation tower 46 is connected with each unit in the system through a recovery pipeline 48.
Tap water softened by the water softening device is stored in the water tank 44, cooling water is provided for each device of the high-temperature pure air test system through the multistage pump 45, the cooled softened water flows back to the heat dissipation tower 46, and the softened water is reserved in the water tank 44 for circulation after heat dissipation.
In the system provided by the embodiment, the gas generator 6 utilizes the spherical surface and the conical surface of the pintle bulb to carry out reverse sealing, in the processes of pressurization heat exchange and direct connection test of the heat accumulating type heater 6, the pretightening force of the pintle bulb seal is the difference between the accumulated value of high-temperature and high-pressure air acting force of the cylinder and the heater and the acting force of high-pressure protective air, the working pressure of the high-pressure protective air is slightly higher than the pressurization pressure of the heater, and the difference is not more than 0.5 MPa; in the pressurizing process, when the sealing of the pintle ball head fails, a small amount of normal-temperature air is kept in the gas generator to enter the heater, so that the pintle ball head is protected from being damaged by high-temperature ablation.
The high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16 adopts a right-angle valve, the cylinder is controlled in an actuating mode, the control gas cylinder is independently arranged, the center of the valve core is consistent with the axis of a high-temperature high-pressure air outlet of the heat accumulating type heater, the opening direction is consistent with the air flow direction, the air acting force in the tank body can effectively shorten the starting time of the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, high-pressure air is precharged in the mixing flow equalizer before the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is opened, the pressure of the high-pressure air is slightly lower than that of the tank body of the heater, the difference value is not more than 1MPa, and the heat load control in the opening and closing process of the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is ensured to be within a bearable range.
The media flowing into the mixer 26 from the low-pressure air supply unit 1, the high-pressure air supply unit 4 and the oxygen supply unit 2 include low-pressure air, oxygen and high-pressure protective air, so that the first low-pressure air supply pipeline 31, the first high-pressure air supply pipeline and the oxygen supply pipeline 34 are all provided with a check valve and a safety valve, wherein a main valve in the first low-pressure air supply pipeline 31 is selected according to high pressure, and the danger of exceeding the high pressure of the equipment caused in the high-pressure and low-pressure switching process is prevented.
The high-temperature high-pressure valve 14, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 15, the gas generator 6 and the heat accumulating type heater 7 are rigidly connected through flanges, and the mixing homogenizer 26 and the gas generator 6, and the natural gas supply pipeline 41 and the gas generator 6 are connected through high-pressure metal hoses 19; the second high-pressure air supply pipeline 24 is a high-pressure corrugated pipe, so that the thermal stress deformation caused by the temperature rise of the heat storage type heater is reduced, and the use danger of the high-pressure pipeline is caused.
The self-pressurization supply mode of the low-pressure air supply unit 1 and the natural gas supply unit 5 can continuously operate, the system is safe and reliable, when the flameout condition occurs in the long-time operation process of the gas generator in the sealed container, the temperature difference feedback signals of the UV flame detector and the thermocouple are automatically fed back to the control host to implement linkage control, the main valve of the natural gas supply unit is automatically cut off, and the pintle of the gas generator 6 automatically performs surface shutdown. When the temperature measuring point of the fuel gas discharge unit 9 exceeds the set limit, the cooling water spray is started, and the cooling of the mixed air E is automatically switched.
Based on the above description of the system structure of the present embodiment, a specific process of performing an experiment using the system will now be described.
Preheating stage
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the preheating process of the system, a high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at an inlet of a high-pressure air supply unit 4 is in a closed state, a high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at an outlet of a gas discharge unit 9 is in an open state, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16 is in a closed state, a gas generator starts to ignite and forms high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas G with a certain temperature and flow rate, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas G flows through a hollow brick heat accumulator 12 of a heat storage type heater, gas heat is stored in the hollow brick heat accumulator 12 through convection heat exchange, the low-temperature oxygen-enriched gas after heat exchange is discharged outdoors through the gas discharge unit 9, the gas generator 6 is adjusted to a large-flow and high-temperature working condition step by step at a small flow rate and a low temperature, the overall temperature distribution condition of the heat accumulator is monitored in real time through a thermocouple, the temperature rise rate of the heat accumulator is kept within a certain range, and the brick cracking caused by thermal stress concentration due to the too fast temperature rise of the hollow brick is avoided, finally, the ideal temperature gradient is formed along the axial direction of the heat accumulator.
Pressure boosting heat exchange stage
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, after the preheating stage is finished, the system enters a pressurization heat exchange process, in the process, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16 and a high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the outlet of a fuel gas discharge unit 9 are in a closed state, a gas generator 6 performs surface shutdown by actuating a pintle through a cylinder, a high-pressure air supply unit 4 supplies small-flow high-pressure protective air a, a high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is opened, high-pressure pure cold air B is supplied to a heat accumulating type heater at a certain pressure boosting rate, and after the high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit 4 is increased to a target pressure, the high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit 4 is closed, so that balanced heat exchange is performed.
Direct connection test stage
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3, after completing the pressure boost heat exchange phase, the system starts to enter a direct connection test phase, during the phase, the high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the outlet of the gas discharge unit 9 and the high-temperature high-pressure valve 15 at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit 4 both keep a closed state, the gas generator 6 keeps a surface shutdown, keeps the supply of the small-flow high-pressure protective air a, the high-pressure air supply unit 4 supplies the secondary blending air C to the blending homogenizer 17, a certain gas back pressure is formed in the blending homogenizer 17 at the rear end of the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve 16 is opened, and the high-temperature high-pressure pure air N is mixed with the secondary blending air in the blending homogenizer 17, so as to provide a high enthalpy simulation incoming flow M with a certain temperature and pressure for the direct connection test device.
In the preheating process of the heat accumulating type heater 6, the temperature rise rate of the furnace body is measured by a thermocouple temperature measuring point at the top of the hollow brick heat accumulator 12, the temperature rise rate follows the principle of being as small as possible, and the requirement of the temperature rise rate is not higher than 200K/h; in the pressurizing process, the pressurizing rate follows the principle of being as small as possible, and the flow speed is not more than 100m/s according to the top temperature and the flow section of the hollow heat accumulator.
Therefore, when the heat accumulating type high-temperature pure air test system requires that the simulated incoming flow temperature is higher than the working condition of 1100K, the mixing flow equalizer does not work continuously, only the transient pressure difference when the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is started is provided, and the high-temperature high-pressure simulated incoming flow is directly realized through the heat accumulating type heater; when the simulation incoming flow temperature is less than 1100K operating mode, when the heat accumulating type heater preheats the use temperature gradient, directly link the testing process, the high temperature high-pressure air and the normal atmospheric temperature high-pressure air of heater mix in mixing equalizer department and flow equalize, realize directly linking the simulation incoming flow supply under the low operating mode of testing arrangement, reduce heater flow load restriction, satisfy the simulation incoming flow requirement of ground simulation flight envelope on a large scale.
The above description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings represent preferred embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various additions, modifications and substitutions are possible, in accordance with different design requirements and design parameters, without departing from the scope of the present invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a scramjet high temperature pure air test system which characterized in that: the device comprises a low-pressure air supply unit, an oxygen supply unit, a nitrogen supply unit, a high-pressure air supply unit, a natural gas supply unit, a fuel gas generator, a heat accumulating type heater, a circulating cooling water supply unit, a fuel gas discharge unit, a direct connection test device and a test tail gas discharge unit;
the heat accumulating type heater is internally provided with a hollow brick heat accumulator, and thermocouples are arranged in the axial direction and the radial direction;
the heat accumulating type heater is respectively connected with the high-pressure air supply unit and the fuel gas discharge unit through a tee joint arranged at the bottom of the heat accumulating type heater, and high-temperature and high-pressure valves are arranged between the heat accumulating type heater and the high-pressure air supply unit and between the heat accumulating type heater and the fuel gas discharge unit;
the top of the heat accumulating type heater is connected with the fuel gas generator;
the side of the heat accumulating type heater close to the top is sequentially connected with a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, a mixing flow equalizer, a spray pipe, a direct connection test device and a test tail gas emission unit;
the low-pressure air of the low-pressure air supply unit is divided into two paths, one path is connected with the fuel gas generator through the uniform mixer and is used as a main combustion oxidant of the fuel gas generator, and the other path is connected with the fuel gas discharge unit through a pore plate and is used as a mixing cooling medium of the fuel gas discharge unit;
the oxygen supply unit is connected with the fuel gas generator through the uniform mixing device and is used as a supplementary combustion oxidant of the fuel gas generator;
the nitrogen of the nitrogen supply unit is divided into three paths, one path is connected with all pneumatic valves in the system and used for providing instruction gas for all the pneumatic valves, the other path is connected with a 1:1 pressure reducing valve in the high-pressure air supply unit and used for providing driving gas for the 1:1 pressure reducing valve, and the other path is connected with the natural gas supply unit and used for providing blowing gas for the natural gas supply unit;
the natural gas supply unit is connected with the fuel gas generator and is used for providing fuel for combustion of the fuel gas generator;
the gas generator adopts a pintle injection form, the pintle adjustment is controlled by the actuation of a cylinder, and the pintle has the pintle surface shutdown function;
the circulating cooling water supply unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas generator, the heat accumulating type heater, the high-temperature high-pressure valve, the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve, the blending flow equalizer and the spray pipe and is used for providing cooling water;
the high-pressure air of the high-pressure air supply unit is divided into three paths, and one path is connected with the fuel gas generator through the uniform mixer and is used for providing protective air for the fuel gas generator; one path of the air flows to the heat accumulating type heater for heat exchange and is used for providing high-pressure pure cold air into the heat accumulating type heater; one path is connected with a mixing flow equalizer and is used as secondary mixing air of high-temperature and high-pressure pure air;
the specific working process of the system is as follows:
in the preheating process, a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a high-pressure air supply unit is in a closed state, a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a gas discharge unit is in an open state, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve is in a closed state, a gas generator is ignited to form high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas, the high-temperature oxygen-enriched gas flows through a hollow brick heat accumulator of a heat accumulation type heater, the heat of the gas is stored in the heat accumulator through convection heat exchange, heat insulation and preservation are carried out by an external heat insulation layer, the low-temperature oxygen-enriched gas after heat exchange is discharged to the outside through the gas discharge unit, the gas generator is gradually adjusted to a large flow and high-temperature working condition at a small flow and a low temperature, the overall temperature distribution condition of the heat accumulator is monitored in real time through a thermocouple, the temperature rise rate of the heat accumulator is controlled within a range not higher than 200K/h, and finally a temperature gradient is formed along the axial direction of the heat accumulator;
in the process of supercharging and heat exchange, a high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve and a high-temperature high-pressure valve at an inlet of a fuel gas discharge unit are in a closed state, a gas generator actuates a pintle through a cylinder to perform surface shutdown, a high-pressure air supply unit supplies small-flow high-pressure protective air, the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is opened, high-pressure pure cold air is supplied to a heat accumulating type heater, and after the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is increased to a target pressure, the high-temperature high-pressure valve at the inlet of the high-pressure air supply unit is closed to perform balance heat exchange;
in the experimental course of working of directly connecting, the high temperature high pressure valve of gas emission unit entrance and the high temperature high pressure valve of high-pressure air supply unit entrance keep the closed state, gas generator maintains the face and shuts down, keep the high-pressure protective air supply of low discharge, high-pressure air supply unit supplies secondary mixing air, form gaseous backpressure in the mixing current equalizer of high temperature high pressure quick response valve rear end, open high temperature high pressure quick response valve, high temperature high pressure pure air after the heat transfer mixes with secondary mixing air in mixing current equalizer, provide high enthalpy simulation incoming flow for directly connecting the testing arrangement.
2. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 1, wherein: the high-pressure air supply unit comprises a first screw air compressor, a high-pressure storage tank, a first dryer, a first high-pressure air supply pipeline, a second high-pressure air supply pipeline and a third high-pressure air supply pipeline;
the first screw air compressor is connected with the first dryer through a high-pressure storage tank, the generated high-pressure air is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a first high-pressure air supply pipeline, is connected with the tee joint through a second high-pressure air supply pipeline and a high-temperature high-pressure valve, and is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a third high-pressure air supply pipeline;
an automatic pressure reducing valve and an orifice plate are sequentially arranged on the first high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air;
a 1:1 pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially arranged on the second high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air;
an automatic pressure reducing valve and a venturi are sequentially arranged on the third high-pressure air supply pipeline along the flow direction of high-pressure air.
3. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 2, wherein: the low-pressure air supply unit comprises a second screw air compressor, a pressure stabilizing storage tank, a second dryer, a first low-pressure air supply pipeline and a second low-pressure air supply pipeline;
the second screw air compressor is connected with the second dryer through the pressure stabilizing storage box, and the generated low-pressure air is connected with the mixing homogenizer through a first low-pressure air supply pipeline and is connected with the fuel gas discharge unit through a second low-pressure air supply pipeline.
4. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 3, wherein: the oxygen supply unit comprises an oxygen gas cylinder group and an oxygen supply pipeline; the oxygen cylinder group is connected with the uniform mixer through an oxygen supply pipeline; an automatic pressure reducing valve and an orifice plate are sequentially arranged on the oxygen supply pipeline along the flow direction of oxygen.
5. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 4, wherein: the nitrogen supply unit comprises a nitrogen gas cylinder group, a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline, a second nitrogen gas supply pipe and a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline; the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with all pneumatic valves in the system through a first nitrogen gas supply pipeline, the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with a 1:1 pressure reducing valve of the high-pressure air supply unit through a second nitrogen gas supply pipeline, and the nitrogen gas cylinder group is connected with the natural gas supply unit through a third nitrogen gas supply pipeline.
6. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 5, wherein: the natural gas supply unit comprises a gas booster pump, a natural gas storage tank and a natural gas supply pipeline; the inlet end of the gas booster pump is connected with a municipal natural gas source, the outlet end of the gas booster pump is connected with a natural gas storage tank, and the natural gas storage tank is connected with the fuel gas generator through a natural gas supply pipeline; an automatic pressure reducing valve and a pore plate are sequentially arranged on the natural gas supply pipeline along the flow direction of the natural gas.
7. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 6, wherein: the gas discharge unit comprises a gas discharge pipe and an axial flow fan; one end of the fuel gas discharge pipe is connected with the tee joint through a high-temperature high-pressure valve, and the other end of the fuel gas discharge pipe is provided with an axial flow fan; and a cooling water nozzle and a low-pressure air interface are arranged on the gas discharge pipe.
8. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 7, wherein: the circulating cooling water supply unit comprises a water tank, a multi-stage pump, a heat dissipation tower, a water supply pipeline and a recovery pipeline; the water inlet end of the water tank is connected with the heat dissipation tower, the water outlet end of the water tank is connected with each unit in the system through a multistage pump and a water supply pipeline, and the heat dissipation tower is connected with each unit in the system through a recovery pipeline.
9. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 8, wherein: the mixing homogenizer and the gas generator as well as the natural gas supply pipeline and the gas generator are connected through high-pressure metal hoses; the second high-pressure air supply pipeline is a high-pressure corrugated pipe.
10. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 9, wherein: the high-temperature high-pressure quick response valve adopts a right-angle valve, the cylinder is controlled in an actuating mode, the control gas cylinder is independently arranged, the axial lead of the valve core is consistent with the axial lead of the side outlet close to the top of the heat accumulating type heater, and the opening direction of the valve is consistent with the airflow direction.
11. The scramjet high temperature pure air test system of claim 9, wherein: the requirement on the temperature rise rate of the heat accumulating type heater in the preheating process is not higher than 200K/h; in the pressurizing process, the pressurizing rate is calculated according to the top temperature and the flow section of the hollow brick heat accumulator, and the flow speed is not more than 100 m/s.
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| US9062579B2 (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2015-06-23 | Altex Technologies Corporation | Integrated engine exhaust and heat process flexible and low emissions combined heat and power process and system |
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| EP2233727A2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel-cooled flexible heat exchanger with thermoelectric device compression |
| CN102997411A (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2013-03-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | Heating system for high-temperature and high-pressure pure air |
| CN104777002A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-07-15 | 西北工业大学 | Methane combustion heating experimental system for combustion chamber of scramjet engine |
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