CN102395525A - Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system equipped with same - Google Patents
Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system equipped with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN102395525A CN102395525A CN2010800171236A CN201080017123A CN102395525A CN 102395525 A CN102395525 A CN 102395525A CN 2010800171236 A CN2010800171236 A CN 2010800171236A CN 201080017123 A CN201080017123 A CN 201080017123A CN 102395525 A CN102395525 A CN 102395525A
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
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- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
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- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
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Abstract
A hydrogen generation device (100) comprises a hydrogen generator (1) which generates fuel gas by reforming reaction using raw fuel, a combustor (2) which heats the hydrogen generator (1), an on/off valve (8A) which interconnects/interrupts a gas channel (8) through which the gas fed from the hydrogen generator (1) is supplied to the combustor (2), a combustion air supply unit (4) which supplies combustion air to the combustor (2), an ignition device (5) provided in the combustor (2), and a controller (30). When the combustor (2) misfires during generation of hydrogen-containing gas in the startup process, the controller (30) carries out ignition operation of the ignition device (5) while maintaining the open state of the on/off valve (8A).
Description
Technical field
The fuel cell system that the present invention relates to a kind of hydrogen producing apparatus and possess this hydrogen producing apparatus.LPG liquefied petroleum gas), the fuel cell system that generates the hydrogen producing apparatus of hydrogen-containing gas and possess this hydrogen producing apparatus through reforming reaction as the crude fuel and the water vapour of the organic cpds of structural element with carbon and hydrogen such as gasoline, petroleum naphtha (naphtha), lam-oil, methyl alcohol The present invention be more particularly directed to a kind of the use and contain Sweet natural gas, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas:.
Background technology
Be used for the hydrogen producing apparatus of hydrogen supply, containing with carbon and hydrogen is that the crude fuel of the organic cpds of structural element carries out steam reformation in possessing the reformer of reforming catalyst layer in the past.Through this reforming reaction, generate the hydrogen-containing gas contain hydrogen (below abbreviate " hydrogen " as, also abbreviate " fuel gas " sometimes as).
In fuel cell system in the past, use this hydrogen, oxidizing gases such as hydrogen and air are reacted, generate electric power and heat thus.
In hydrogen producing apparatus, carry out reforming reaction in the temperature environment about 600 ℃～700 ℃ as thermo-negative reaction, therefore to carry out this reforming reaction and need heat reforming catalyst layer.The general heater block that uses the burning burner as reforming catalyst layer.The burning burner is supplied to the fuel as the burning burner such as the crude fuel that contains organic cpds or the unspent exhaust combustion gases of fuel cell, and is supplied to air etc. as oxidizing gas, produces these combustion of mixed gas thus.For this mixed gas is burnt, need the initial stage that the burning burner is lighted a fire, and as ignition method, general using pilot burner (lighter for ignition) etc. produce electrical spark.
In addition, the flame of the burner that burns sometimes can be because the fluctuation of plenum system, external disturbance etc. disappear (below, the situation of this flame disappearance is called " flame disappearance ").When flame disappears in the burning burner, can not provide reforming reaction required heat to reformer, therefore can't in reformer, generate hydrogen.Thereby, can't continue to utilize fuel cell to generate electric power and heat.
So; Having proposed following a kind of stopping to handle: when flame disappears in the burning burner under the reformer warming-up pattern of above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus; Close the open and close valve that is arranged on the common pipe of fuel cell bypass, the outlet of sealing hydrogen producing apparatus stops burning burner fueling; Utilizing after oxidizing gas such as air carries out scavenging to the burning burner, once more to burning burner light a fire (for example with reference to patent documentation 1).In addition, constitute following structure: under above-mentioned reformer warming-up pattern, in reformer, carry out steam reforming reaction, the hydrogen-containing gas of generation is fed into the burning burner via common pipe.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2008-91094 communique
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
In the fuel cell system of existing example, as stated, when flame disappears in the burning burner under carrying out the reformer warming-up pattern of reforming reaction, the sealing common pipe, hydrogen producing apparatus becomes the state of sealing.
At this, owing to the reformation water that continues to put into hydrogen producing apparatus generates water vapour, gas vol sharply increases thereupon, presses liter in the hydrogen producing apparatus that is sealed thus, thereby the structure unit of hydrogen producing apparatus is produced pressure load.In addition, even do not continue after flame disappears in burner supplying with reformation water in the hydrogen producing apparatus, interior pressure also can sharply rise along with remaining in the reformation evaporation of water in the hydrogen producing apparatus, thereby can estimate and can produce and above-mentioned same problem.
The present invention accomplishes in view of this problem; Its purpose is to provide following a kind of hydrogen producing apparatus: when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas through the reforming reaction of using water vapour hydrogen-containing gas is supplied to burner and burn; When lighting a fire after flame disappears in burner, to the pressure damage reduction as compared with the past of structure unit.
The scheme that is used to deal with problems
In order to address the above problem, hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention possesses: the hydrogen maker, and it uses crude fuel and water vapour to generate hydrogen-containing gas through reforming reaction; Burner, it heats above-mentioned hydrogen maker; Open and close valve, its connected sum cuts off the gas flow path that will supply to said burner from the gas that above-mentioned hydrogen maker is seen off; Lighter for ignition, it is arranged in the said burner; And unit; Wherein, Said burner constitutes to use when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns from above-mentioned gas stream gas supplied; Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve.
In addition, hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention also possesses: the combustion air feeder, and it supplies with combustion air to said burner; The crude fuel feeder, it supplies to above-mentioned hydrogen maker with above-mentioned crude fuel; And water supply device; It supplies water to above-mentioned hydrogen maker; Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve, makes above-mentioned crude fuel feeder and above-mentioned water supply device that above-mentioned crude fuel and above-mentioned water supply are arrived above-mentioned hydrogen maker; Make above-mentioned combustion air feeder that above-mentioned combustion air is supplied to said burner, and carry out the igniting action of above-mentioned lighter for ignition.
In addition, hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention under through the unlit situation of above-mentioned igniting action said burner, above-mentioned unit carry out above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus stop to handle.
In addition; Hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention is under through the unlit situation of above-mentioned igniting action said burner, and above-mentioned unit is controlled and made the operational ton of above-mentioned combustion air feeder greater than at the operational ton that starts when generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas in handling.
In addition; Hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention also possesses first gas flow path and first open and close valve; The gas of seeing off from above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus is directed to said burner through this first gas flow path under the state that utilizes equipment without the hydrogen that utilizes above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas; This first open and close valve connected sum cuts off above-mentioned first gas flow path; Said burner constitutes when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns through the above-mentioned first gas flow path gas supplied; Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the above-mentioned igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned first open and close valve.
In addition, hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention also possesses: heat exchanger, and it carries out from the discharge gas of said burner discharge and the heat exchange between the thermal medium; Flow in this thermal medium path in thermal medium path, above-mentioned thermal medium; Pump, it is used for making above-mentioned thermal medium to flow in above-mentioned thermal medium path; And thermophore, it accumulates the heat that is recovered to by above-mentioned thermal medium, wherein, is utilizing above-mentioned lighter for ignition to carry out in the process of above-mentioned igniting action, and above-mentioned unit moves said pump.
In addition, in hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention, short during the action of the igniting action the when said burner during the ratio startup is handled during the action of above-mentioned igniting action takes fire.
Fuel cell system of the present invention possesses second gas flow path and second open and close valve; The gas of seeing off from the hydrogen producing apparatus of the invention described above is imported into said burner through this second gas flow path via fuel cell; This second open and close valve connected sum cuts off above-mentioned second gas flow path; Said burner constitutes when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns through the above-mentioned second gas flow path gas supplied; Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the above-mentioned igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned second open and close valve.
In addition, the fuel cell system of the present invention fuel cell that possesses the hydrogen producing apparatus of the invention described above and use the hydrogen-containing gas supplied with by above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus to generate electricity.
The effect of invention
According to the present invention; Under the situation that flame disappears in burner; Carry out the igniting action keeping under connection supplies to burner from hydrogen producing apparatus the state of the gas flow path that gas flow through, therefore the pressure damage to hydrogen producing apparatus reduces as compared with the past in the action of the igniting after flame disappears.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a structure example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of a structure example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of a structure example of the fuel cell system of expression embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the block diagram of variation of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the block diagram of variation of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the block diagram of variation of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Embodiment
Enumerate the various characteristics in the embodiment of the present invention at first, below.
The hydrogen producing apparatus of first mode possesses: the hydrogen maker, and it uses crude fuel and water vapour to generate hydrogen-containing gas through reforming reaction; Burner, it heats the hydrogen maker; Open and close valve, its connection/cut-out will supply to the gas flow path of said burner from the gas that the hydrogen maker is seen off; Lighter for ignition, it is arranged in the burner; And unit; Wherein, Said burner constitutes to use when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns from above-mentioned gas stream gas supplied; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the igniting action of execution lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve.
According to said structure, attempt following burner flame disappearance countermeasure:, carry out the igniting action of lighter for ignition keeping under the state that open and close valve that gas that connection/cut-out will see off from hydrogen producing apparatus supplies to the gas flow path of burner opens.
Thereby; After flame disappears in burner; The hydrogen maker is also kept through the state of burning and gas-exhausting path to atmosphere opening; Therefore can suppress hydrogen producing apparatus since follow water vaporized gas amount to increase to produce in press liter, in the igniting action after flame disappears, pressure damages reduction as compared with the past.
At this, " crude fuel " is that comprising with carbon and hydrogen at least is the organic cpds of structural element and the material that generates fuel gas through above-mentioned reforming reaction.As this " crude fuel ", can illustration go out alcohol such as hydrocarbon such as methane, ethane, propane, methyl alcohol, ethanol etc.
Steam reforming reaction, self-heating (Auto Thermal) reaction all are contained in " reforming reaction ".
" burner " for example is meant and can fuel and the Air mixing gas of burning burner etc. be carried out the incendiary heating unit, and as stated, " flame disappears in the burner " is meant the situation of the flame disappearance of " burner ".
" lighter for ignition " for example is meant the such electric ignition device of pilot burner (sparking plug), and in this case, " the igniting action of lighter for ignition " is meant the action of using sparking plug to get electrical spark.
For example can use the SV conduct " open and close valve " that utilizes electromagnetic force to carry out the switching of valve body.
In addition, for example comprise " connection/cut-out will supply to the open and close valve of the gas flow path of burner from the gas that the hydrogen maker is seen off " that being arranged at the gas of seeing off from the hydrogen maker is directed to the open and close valve the stream of burner under the state that utilizes equipment (for example fuel cell) without hydrogen.
" connection/cut-out of gas flow path " (connected sum of gas flow path cuts off) is meant that the spatial that gas passed through in the gas flow path opens and closes; At " open and close valve " when being in open mode; Guarantee to flow through the circulation of the gas of gas flow path; When being in closed state, the circulation that will flow through the gas of gas flow path is cut off at " open and close valve ".
" unit " is made up of microcomputer of CPU or internal memory etc." unit " can be independent, also can be a plurality of.
" start handle " comprises that the temperature that makes the hydrogen maker rises to the hyperthermic treatment of the temperature that is suitable for carrying out reforming reaction, is meant that hydrogen utilizes equipment to begin to utilize the processing before the hydrogen-containing gas.
In addition, the hydrogen producing apparatus of second mode also can also possess in the hydrogen producing apparatus of first mode: the combustion air feeder, and it supplies with combustion air to burner; The crude fuel feeder, it supplies to the hydrogen maker with crude fuel; And the water supply device, it supplies water to above-mentioned hydrogen maker.And; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas; Unit is being kept under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve; Make crude fuel feeder and water supply device that crude fuel and water supply are arrived the hydrogen maker, make the combustion air feeder that combustion air is supplied to burner, and carry out the igniting action of lighter for ignition.
According to said structure; Under the situation of lighting once more through the igniting action burner of lighter for ignition, make the crude fuel feeder that crude fuel is supplied to the hydrogen maker, make the water supply device supply water to the hydrogen maker; Therefore, can make hydrogen producing apparatus successfully continue to generate hydrogen-containing gas.
In addition, the hydrogen producing apparatus of Third Way also can be in the hydrogen producing apparatus of first or second mode, and under the unlit situation of igniting action burner through lighter for ignition, unit is carried out the processing that stops of hydrogen producing apparatus.
According to said structure, when in start handling, generating hydrogen-containing gas, carry out the igniting of igniting action of the lighter for ignition suitable processing when unusual.
In addition, concrete example that should " hydrogen producing apparatus stop handle " is narrated in the back.
In addition; The hydrogen producing apparatus of cubic formula also can be in the hydrogen producing apparatus of first～Third Way any in; Under the unlit situation of the action burner of the igniting through lighter for ignition, unit is controlled and is made the operational ton of combustion air feeder greater than at the operational ton that starts when generating hydrogen-containing gas in handling.
According to said structure, increase the air capacity of delivering to burner, therefore can carry out the interior inflammable gas of dilute combustion device and it is discharged to the outside processing of hydrogen producing apparatus.In addition, under the unlit situation of burner, bring into play function as the refrigeration agent that cools off hydrogen producing apparatus, therefore, when increasing air capacity, can successfully cool off hydrogen producing apparatus from the air of combustion air feeder.
At this, for example can use fan conducts " combustion air feeder " such as fan.
At this, " operational ton of combustion air feeder " be meant be used for decision as the factor of the air capacity of the manipulated variable of " combustion air feeder " can be by the factor of determination (for example rotation speed of the fan) of " unit " control.Thereby, according to the increase and decrease of " operational ton of combustion air feeder ", deliver to the air capacity increase and decrease of burner.
In addition; The hydrogen producing apparatus of the 5th mode also can be in the hydrogen producing apparatus of the first～the cubic formula any in; Also possess and utilize equipment without the hydrogen that utilizes hydrogen-containing gas and import to first gas flow path and first open and close valve of burner; Above-mentioned first gas flow path of this first open and close valve connection/cut-out, burner constitute when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas and burn through the first gas flow path gas supplied.And under the situation that flame disappears in the burner when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas, unit is being kept the igniting action of execution lighter for ignition under the state of opening first open and close valve.
In addition, the hydrogen producing apparatus of the 6th mode also can also possess in the hydrogen producing apparatus of first or second mode: heat exchanger, and it carries out from the discharge gas of burner discharge and the heat exchange between the thermal medium; Flow in this thermal medium path in thermal medium path, thermal medium; Pump, it is used for making thermal medium to flow in above-mentioned thermal medium path; And thermophore, it accumulates the heat that is recovered to by thermal medium.
And, utilize lighter for ignition light a fire the action process in, above-mentioned unit also can make said pump move.
According to said structure, even, also can suitably discharge the heat exchange between gas and the thermal medium utilizing lighter for ignition not make in the process of igniting action of burner combustion, and then suitably from discharging the gas recovery heat.
" heat exchanger " is so long as so that pyritous fluid (heating fluid) and cryogenic fluid (heated fluid) heat that is had are exchanged for the device of purpose, just can be arbitrary structures.
But, consider the thermo-efficiency of fuel cell system, preferably utilize heat exchange to reclaim the heat of discharging in the gas.Reclaim heat and for example can be used for purposes such as hot water supply, floor heating.In this case, " thermal medium path " is as long as use the pipe arrangement that is connected with thermophore (for example, being used for the water tank of hot-water supply, the path of formation floor heating) to get final product.
" thermal medium " preferred liquid for example can be used water, deicing fluid of liquid etc.
" pump " just can be arbitrary structures so long as can make thermal medium mobile device in the thermal medium path.
" discharge gas " be meant from the burner expellant gas, and combustion air the when burning and gas-exhausting that the combustion of mixed gas through combustion fuel and combustion air produces, burner cease combustion etc. is an example of " discharge gas ".
In addition, the hydrogen producing apparatus of the 7th mode also can be in the hydrogen producing apparatus of first or second mode, and is short during the action of the igniting action the when burner during the ratio startup is handled during the action of above-mentioned igniting action takes fire.
This be because; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas; The combustible gas scale of construction that is present in the burner is more than the combustible gas scale of construction under the situation that starts the igniting action when taking fire in handling, if therefore igniting length opening time then inflammable gas might be discharged to the hydrogen producing apparatus outside from the burning and gas-exhausting path.At this, be shorter than during the igniting action when starting beginning during the igniting action when flame disappears when generating hydrogen-containing gas through making in start handling, can reduce inflammable gas and be discharged to the outside possibility of hydrogen producing apparatus.At this; If move illustration with the igniting of pilot burner; Then " igniting action action during " be meant that pilot burner continues to get the ignition time of the igniting action of spark continuously, be not meant burner being carried out retry igniting action before and after the prepurge (utilizing air to carry out scavenging) total ignition time in being also included within.
The fuel cell that the fuel cell system of first mode also can possess the hydrogen producing apparatus of first～the 7th mode and use the hydrogen-containing gas supplied with by this hydrogen producing apparatus to generate electricity.
The fuel cell system of second mode also can possess in the hydrogen producing apparatus of the first～the cubic formula second gas flow path and second open and close valve that is directed to burner via fuel cell; Above-mentioned second gas flow path of this second open and close valve connection/cut-out, burner constitute when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas and burn through the second gas flow path gas supplied.And under the situation that flame disappears in the burner when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas, unit is being kept the igniting action of execution lighter for ignition under the state of opening second open and close valve.
(embodiment 1)
Below, the concrete structure example and action example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1 of the present invention are described with reference to accompanying drawing.
But, the following characteristic of each hydrogen producing apparatus of enumerating out of beginning place on " embodiment " hurdle that specified illustration only.For example; The additional suitable reference marker of the technical terms identical with the technical terms that is used to specify above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus is explained following concrete example; In this case, relevant concrete device is an example of the textural element of above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus corresponding with it.
Thereby the characteristic of above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus is not limited to following specifying.
[structure example of hydrogen producing apparatus]
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of a structure example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 1 of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses hydrogen maker 1, and this hydrogen maker 1 uses crude fuel and water vapour, generates hydrogen-containing gas through reforming reaction.In addition, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses the crude fuel feeder 20 that crude fuel is supplied to hydrogen maker 1.The water supply device 12 that also possesses the required reformation water of the reforming reaction that is used to supply with hydrogen maker 1.
Under the high temperature about 600 ℃～700 ℃, the reforming reaction of reforming catalyst layer (thermo-negative reaction) is quickened.Therefore, in order in hydrogen maker 1, to carry out reforming reaction, need burner 2, this burner 2 provides the temperature of heat with the reforming catalyst layer that can raise from the outside to hydrogen maker 1.
Thereby as shown in Figure 1, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses the burner 2 of heating hydrogen maker 1, burner 2 is supplied with the burning usefulness air (below abbreviate " combustion air " as) combustion air feeder 4 and be arranged at the lighter for ignition 5 in the burner 2.
For example can use the atmosphere (air) that will contain the required oxygen of burning to be pressed and delivered to fan in the burner 2 as combustion air feeder 4.But combustion air feeder 4 is not limited to fan, as long as can air supply, then also can be other device, for example also can be pump.
In addition, the detailed content of burner 2 being supplied with the fuel (below abbreviate " combustion fuel " as) of burning usefulness is narrated in the back.
Like this, burner 2 is supplied with combustion fuel and combustion air, thus, in burner 2, the combustion of mixed gas of combustion fuel and combustion air takes place.
Lighter for ignition 5 is used as the ignition source that the mixed gas that makes combustion fuel and combustion air in the burner 2 is lighted, and as an example of lighter for ignition 5, can make the pilot burner (sparking plug) of electricity consumption sparking.In addition, as shown in Figure 1, being equipped with in the burner 2 to detect has aphlogistic flame detector 21.As an example of flame detector 21, can use flame test bar (flame rod).
As shown in Figure 1, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses hydrogen and utilizes equipment 7, and this hydrogen utilizes equipment 7 to utilize the hydrogen-containing gas that generates in the hydrogen maker 1.Utilize equipment as hydrogen, can enumerate out hydrogen-storage tank, fuel cell etc.In this embodiment, use hydrogen-storage tank to utilize equipment as hydrogen.
As shown in Figure 1, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses open and close valve, and this open and close valve connection/cut-out (connected sum cut-out) will supply to the gas flow path of burner 2 from the gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off.Thereby the spatial that gas passed through that can use this open and close valve to carry out in the gas flow path opens and closes.
The above-mentioned gas stream comprises first gas flow path 8; Through this first gas flow path 8; The flammable gas of seeing off from hydrogen maker 1 (for example fuel gas) is directed to burner 2 under the state that utilizes equipment 7 without hydrogen; Above-mentioned open and close valve comprises the first open and close valve 8A, this first open and close valve 8A connection/cut-out first gas flow path 8.
As first gas flow path 8, for example can use the fluid piping that forms fluid flowing path.As the first open and close valve 8A, for example can use the spatial SV that can open and close in the fluid piping.In addition, the 3rd open and close valve 9B (for example SV) also is equipped with in that being utilized, hydrogen maker 1 and hydrogen on the fluid piping that is connected between the equipment 7.
As shown in Figure 1, hydrogen producing apparatus 100 possesses unit 30.
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment; For example; When detecting in the burner 2 flame by flame detector 21 and disappear; Unit 30 forms " keeping the state of opening the open and close valve that is used to be communicated with/to cut off the gas flow path that will supply to burner 5 from the gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off ", carries out the igniting of lighter for ignition 5 and moves.And if unignited through the igniting action burner 2 of this lighter for ignition 5, then unit 30 is carried out the processing that stops of hydrogen producing apparatus 100.And; Under the action of the igniting through above-mentioned lighter for ignition 5 burner 2 unlit situation, unit 30 control make combustion air feeder 4 operational ton greater than start handle in the operational ton of the combustion air feeder 4 of hydrogen producing apparatus when generating hydrogen-containing gas.
The detailed content of these controls of being undertaken by unit 30 in addition, is narrated in the back.
[the common action example of hydrogen producing apparatus]
Below, narrate the common action example of the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of embodiment 1 of the present invention.In addition, through controlling, accomplish following action by the each several part of 30 pairs of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of unit.
The common action of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 roughly is divided into startup processing, hydrogen supplying operation, stops processing, holding state.Wherein, above-mentioned each operation is known, therefore narrates the summary of each operation below.
(start and handle)
The startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 handle be make start before the hydrogen producing apparatus of (holding state of stating for example) move the operation with the state that forms the hydrogen-containing gas that can stably generate high density; In this start to be handled, make the temperature of hydrogen maker 1 rise to the hyperthermic treatment of proper temperature.
In this hyperthermic treatment, burner 2 is supplied with combustion fuel and combustion air, in burner 2, use lighter for ignition 5 that both mixed gass are burnt.Carry out the supply of combustion air by combustion gases feeder 4.In addition; About starting the supply of the combustion fuel in handling; Utilization is seen off and is given me a little to fight via the crude fuel gas that first gas flow path 8 supplies to burner 2 from hydrogen maker 1 and takes fire, and the inflammable gas that also continues afterwards to see off from hydrogen maker 1 is as the combustion fuel of burner 2.
Thus; When making the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer of hydrogen maker 1 rise to the required temperature of reforming reaction when hydrogen maker 1 is heated; Utilize water supply device 12 to begin to supply with water, utilize crude fuel and water vapour, generate hydrogen-containing gas through reforming reaction to hydrogen maker 1.And, when the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer of hydrogen maker 1 fully is elevated to can stably generate the high high-quality hydrogen-containing gas of hydrogen concentration (below, hydrogen) time, transfer to the hydrogen of following hydrogen producing apparatus 100 and supply with operation.
(hydrogen supply operation)
It is that the hydrogen that generates in the hydrogen maker 1 is supplied to the operation that hydrogen utilizes equipment 7 that the hydrogen of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is supplied with operation.
Supply with in the operation at this hydrogen, high-quality hydrogen is fed into hydrogen and utilizes equipment 7, utilizes in the equipment 7 at hydrogen and utilizes hydrogen.Supply with in the operation at this hydrogen; In order to utilize equipment 7 hydrogen supplies to hydrogen the 3rd open and close valve 9B is opened; But the first open and close valve 8A also likewise is opened with start handling, and the part of the hydrogen of therefore being seen off by hydrogen maker 1 is fed into burner 2 through first gas flow path 8 as combustion fuel.
(stopping to handle)
For example, utilize under the situation that the hydrogen demand in the equipment reduces at hydrogen, perhaps, it is inferior that the situation of instruction of the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 that shuts down is sent in the input operation of carrying out through not shown mechanical arm according to the user, carries out following stopping and handling.In addition; Utilizing equipment at hydrogen is under the situation of hydrogen-storage tank; The situation that hydrogen utilizes the hydrogen demand of equipment to reduce is meant the situation of fully filling hydrogen in the hydrogen-storage tank; Utilizing equipment at hydrogen is under the situation of fuel cell, and the situation that hydrogen utilizes the hydrogen demand of equipment to reduce is meant that the electricity needs of power load becomes not the situation below the regulation electric power threshold value that need supply with from the electric power of fuel cell.
In this stops to handle, stop hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with crude fuel and water.In addition, stop the hydrogen of burner 2 supplies as combustion fuel, thus, burner 2 cease combustions.But, in this case, in general continue to supply with combustion air a little while from combustion air feeder 4.Thus, can carry out scavenging to remaining in burner 2 inner inflammable gass.
(holding state)
The holding state of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is to accomplish above-mentionedly to stop to handle the back and carry out the operation of standby in order to start next time before getting into the indication that next time starts existing.
Constitute following structure: if the startup request of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 has taken place under this holding state, then the enabled instruction of unit 30 output hydrogen producing apparatus 100 begins above-mentioned startup and handles.In addition, above-mentioned startup request is meant that hydrogen utilizes the hydrogen demand of equipment to uprise the indication of perhaps having been imported entry into service by the operator through mechanical arm (not shown).In addition; Utilizing equipment at hydrogen is under the situation of hydrogen-storage tank; Hydrogen utilizes the hydrogen demand of equipment to uprise the following situation of defined threshold that the hydrogen loading level that is meant in this jar becomes needs the hydrogen supply; Utilizing equipment at hydrogen is under the situation of fuel cell, and hydrogen utilizes the hydrogen demand of equipment to uprise the electricity needs that is meant power load to become the situation more than the regulation electric power threshold value that need supply with from the electric power of fuel cell.
[the action example when flame disappears in the burner when in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is handled, generating hydrogen-containing gas]
Using under the situation of burning burner as burner 2, the flame of burner 2 can disappear sometimes.About the reason that flame in the burner 2 disappears, the transitional disorder of equilibrated between the feed rate of consideration combustion fuel and the feed rate of combustion air etc.When particularly generating hydrogen-containing gas, the rapid volumetric expansion when evaporating along with the water that supplies to the hydrogen maker flows into the inflammable gas amount change of burner 2, is easy to take place flame and disappears.
At this, under the situation that flame disappears in the burner 2 when in hydrogen producing apparatus 100, generating hydrogen-containing gas,, then can waste the used energy of intensification of hydrogen maker 1 if directly stop.In addition; The reason that flame disappears in the burner 2 is in most cases for the transitional disorder of the gas vol that supplies to burner 2 etc.; Therefore through continuing to supply with crude fuel, water and combustion air, can expect that the mixed gas in the burner 2 is able in burner 2, carry out the incendiary air-fuel ratio with state originally.Thereby, carry out the igniting action usually, the combustion event of attempting restarting burner 2.
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner 2 when in hydrogen producing apparatus 100 start to be handled, generating hydrogen-containing gas, do not carry out the stopping to handle of above-mentioned existing example and keep the igniting action of opening the first open and close valve 8A and carrying out lighter for ignition 5.Specifically, move illustrative as following.In addition, through accomplishing following action by the each several part of unit 30 control hydrogen producing apparatus 100.
When flame disappeared in the burner 2 when hydrogen producing apparatus 100 was generating hydrogen-containing gas in start handling, go out flame according to the output signal detection of flame detector 21 and disappear.So, keep the open mode of the first open and close valve 8A, continue to utilize 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 to supply with crude fuel, utilize 12 pairs of hydrogen makers of water supply device 1 to supply with water and supply with combustion airs from combustion air feeder 4.Then, under the control of unit 30, make lighter for ignition 5 actions, carry out the igniting action.
Like this, the open mode that the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment is kept the first open and close valve 8A is carried out the igniting action, the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is reduced as compared with the past and carries out the igniting again of burner 2.
In addition; Be configured to during the action of the igniting of above-mentioned lighter for ignition 5 action such as short during the action down, during this action be the igniting of the lighter for ignition 5 when in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is handled, burner 2 the being taken fire action of moving for the heating process that begins hydrogen maker 1 during.Narrate its reason below.
In addition; If move illustration with the igniting of pilot burner; Then " igniting action action during " be meant that pilot burner continues to get the time of the igniting action of spark continuously, be not meant burner 2 being carried out retry igniting action before and after the prepurge (utilizing air to carry out scavenging) total ignition time in being also included within.
In the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is handled; Carried out at lighter for ignition 5 under the state of igniting action; The concentration of the combustiblecomponents in the mixed gas of combustion air and combustion fuel is raise from a side that is lower than flammable range gradually; Therefore, even can not have problems during getting the action that the igniting of length is moved yet.
Therewith relatively; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner 2 when in starting processing, generating hydrogen-containing gas; Think that the concentration of the combustiblecomponents in the mixed gas that is present in combustion air and combustion fuel in the burner 2 has been in the flammable range; If therefore get during the action of long igniting action; Then this mixed gas may be supplied to the gas of burner 2 in during the igniting action in addition and is expressed into the downstream side of burner 2, and then is discharged to the outside of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 from the venting port 300 as the downstream end in burning and gas-exhausting path.
Therefore; Consider that the range of scatter that will suppress inflammable gas (combustiblecomponents is in the mixed gas in the flammable range) enlarges, during the action of the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 when preferably being arranged to be shorter than in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is handled beginning heating process during the action with the igniting action of lighter for ignition 5.In addition, consider that the range of scatter that will suppress inflammable gas enlarges, the igniting action of lighter for ignition 5 is merely once.
Utilize said structure, can suppress the outside that inflammable gas is discharged to hydrogen producing apparatus 100.
In addition, be shortened into the setting-up time (about several seconds, for example " 6 seconds ") of regulation during the action of the igniting of lighter for ignition 5 action, therefore in this period, also can continue to utilize hydrogen producing apparatus 100 to generate hydrogen-containing gas.Thereby, under the situation that burner 2 is lighted through the igniting action of lighter for ignition 5 once more, burner 2 is burnt away, do not generate hydrogen-containing gas and do not interrupt hydrogen producing apparatus 100.In addition, carrying out the igniting of burner 2 when having lighted according to the output signal of flame detector 21 judges.
In addition; In the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment; Surpassing above-mentioned setting-up time " 6 seconds " during the action of the igniting of lighter for ignition 5 action but under the igniting action burner 2 unlit situation through lighter for ignition 5, the flame that carries out following hydrogen producing apparatus 100 by unit 30 processing that abends that disappears.
In addition, carrying out burner 2 igniting when unignited according to the output signal of flame detector 21 judges unusually.In addition; This setting-up time " 6 seconds " is an example only; So long as can not make the mixed gas that contains inflammable gas in during the igniting action, just can come suitably to set this setting-up time according to structure, the gas flow of equipment from the time that venting port 300 is discharged.
After and then the flame disappearance of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 abends processing, there is inflammable gas in the burner 2, therefore, combustion air feeder 4 moves, and utilizes air inflammable gas to be diluted and is discharged to the outside of hydrogen producing apparatus 100.In addition, in this case, in the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment, the operational ton of the combustion air feeder 4 of the operational ton that also can make combustion air feeder 4 when in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 is handled, generating hydrogen-containing gas.Thus, the inflammable gas in the burner 2 is suitably handled.
In addition, disappear to abend at the flame of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 and handle, stop hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with crude fuel and water, but residual in the hydrogen maker 1 there are crude fuel, water vapour and water.And, in the hydrogen maker 1 after hydrogen producing apparatus 100 has just stopped, still possessing the required abundant heat of reforming reaction generation hydrogen that makes residual water evaporation and utilize residual crude fuel and water vapour.
Thereby; When sealing utilizes first gas flow path 8 of equipment 7 (fuel cell) bypass with hydrogen as existing example; Because the generation of hydrogen, water evaporation cause gas vol (mole number of gas) to increase; Thereby hydrogen maker 1 internal pressure rises, thereby may cause the tectosome of hydrogen maker 1 damaged.
Therefore, in the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment, after stopping, also making the first open and close valve 8A be in open mode to hydrogen maker 1 supply crude fuel and water.
Thus; Be communicated with under the state of first gas flow path 8, from combustion air feeder 4 to burner 2 supply with combustion airs utilize combustion air carry out in to burner 2 scavenging during in also can suppress hydrogen maker 1 in press liter (below be called " crossing boosts suppresses action ").
Boost when suppressing action when carrying out this mistake; Inflammable gas might be through burning and gas-exhausting path 10 the venting port 300 of downstream end be discharged to the outside of hydrogen producing apparatus 100; But in this embodiment; Therefore combustion air feeder 4 is moved, can dilute after the concentration of inflammable gas the outside that diluents is discharged to hydrogen producing apparatus 100.In addition; In this case; Also can also consider through crossing the amount of the combustiblecomponents in the inflammable gas that suppresses the action discharge that boosts; Come the air capacity of supplying with from combustion air feeder 4 (operational ton of combustion air feeder 4 specifically) is set, be discharged to the outside of hydrogen producing apparatus 100 to avoid inflammable gas in the flammable range.
As stated, the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment possesses: hydrogen maker 1, and it uses crude fuel to generate fuel gas through reforming reaction; Burner 2, it heats hydrogen maker 1; Open and close valve, its connection/cut-out will supply to the gas flow path of burner 2 from the gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off; Lighter for ignition 5, it is arranged in the burner 2; And unit 30.
And; Under the situation that flame disappears in the burner 2 when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, igniting action after flame disappears in the burner 2 below attempting: the igniting of execution lighter for ignition 5 action under the state of opening the first open and close valve 8A through the control of unit 30.
Thereby; Use vaporize water to carry out in the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of this embodiment of hydrogen maker 1 of reforming reaction possessing; Under the situation that flame disappears in burner 2,, reduces as compared with the past gas vol because increasing the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus 100 with the water evaporation.
(embodiment 2)
Below, the concrete structure example and action example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 2 of the present invention are described with reference to accompanying drawing.
But, the following characteristic of each hydrogen producing apparatus of enumerating out of beginning place on " embodiment " hurdle that specified illustration only.For example; The additional suitable reference marker of the technical terms identical with the technical terms that is used to specify above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus is explained following concrete example; In this case, relevant concrete device is an example of the textural element of above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus corresponding with it.
Thereby the characteristic of above-mentioned each hydrogen producing apparatus is not limited to following specifying.
[structure example of hydrogen producing apparatus]
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of a structure example of the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In Fig. 2, to the structure unit additional phase identical with the structure unit of the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of embodiment 1 with Reference numeral, omit specifying of this structure unit.
As shown in Figure 2; In the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of this embodiment; On the basis of the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of embodiment 1, appended the heat extraction recovering mechanism, this heat extraction recovering mechanism makes the discharge gas of discharging from burner 2 and the first thermal medium path 201, carries out heat exchange between mobile first thermal medium (the for example water of liquid, deicing fluid).
Specifically, the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of this embodiment possesses: burning and gas-exhausting path 10, and discharge gas and in this burning and gas-exhausting path 10, flow; The first thermal medium path, 201, the first thermal mediums flow in this first thermal medium path 201; And first heat exchanger 11, it is discharged between gas and cryogenic first thermal medium at pyritous and carries out heat exchange.In the first thermal medium path 201, be provided with first pump 200, thus, first thermal medium flowed in the first thermal medium path 201.In addition, in the first thermal medium path 201, be provided with first thermophore 202, thus, mobile first thermal medium is accumulated in first thermophore 202 in the first thermal medium path 201.In addition, control the action of first pump 200 by unit 30.
Discharge gas and become the heating fluid in first heat exchanger 11.Thereby the discharge gas of discharging from burner 2 is imported into burning and gas-exhausting path 10, uses first heat exchanger 11 that this discharge gas is cooled off.In addition, first thermal medium becomes the heated fluid in first heat exchanger 11.Thereby through above-mentioned heat exchange, first thermal medium is heated, and pyritous first thermal medium that has passed through first heat exchanger 11 gets into first thermophore 202 and also accumulated in this.
Utilize said structure, come to cool off being discharged to hydrogen producing apparatus 110 outside pyritous discharge gases through above-mentioned heat exchange, therefore comparatively suitable.In addition, can reclaim the heat of discharging gas through above-mentioned heat exchange and utilize, therefore comparatively suitable.
[the action example of hydrogen producing apparatus]
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of this embodiment; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappears in the burner 2 when in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus 110 is handled, generating hydrogen-containing gas and flame disappear abend boosting of handling in suppressing during the action at least during any in; Through the action of first pump 200, utilize first thermal medium to pass through first heat exchanger 11 from discharging the gas recovery heat.
Supply with operation and stop processing for the startup processing of hydrogen producing apparatus 110, hydrogen during the action of combustion air feeder 4, pass through the content of first heat exchanger 11 by first thermal medium in each operation of narration below from the heat recuperation action of discharge gas recovery heat.
In the startup processing and hydrogen supplying operation of hydrogen producing apparatus 110, in burner 2, carry out combustion of mixed gas.At this; First pump 200 is moved, discharge gas (at this burning and gas-exhausting) recovery heat through first heat exchanger 11 from become pyritous owing to this burning for producing owing to combustion of mixed gas by mobile first thermal medium in the first thermal medium path 201.Thus, utilize the heat recuperation of carrying out to cool off to being discharged to hydrogen producing apparatus 110 outside pyritous discharge gases through heat exchanger 11.
On the other hand; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappears in the burner 2 when the startup of above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus 110 is handled and flame disappear abend boosting of handling suppress action during in, in burner 2, do not carry out combustion of mixed gas.But in this case, the burner 2 of the condition of high temperature, hydrogen maker 1 also exist as the heating source of discharging gas.Particularly after flame disappearance the stopping processing of hydrogen producing apparatus 110 has just begun; Increase the operational ton of combustion air feeder 4 and the flow velocity of combustion air accelerates; Therefore a large amount of heats are discharged from gas (being mainly combustion air at this) and take out of from burner 2, hydrogen maker 1, discharge gas and are tending towards high temperatureization.Thereby; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappears in burner 2 and flame disappear abend boosting of handling in suppressing during the action at least during any in; First pump 200 is moved, pass through first heat exchanger 11 from above-mentioned discharge gas recovery heat by first thermal medium.Like this, although preferably do not carry out combustion of mixed gas in the burner 2, carry out in during the action of combustion air feeder 4 by first thermal medium through first heat exchanger 11 from discharging the heat recuperation action of gas recovery heat.
As above, the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of this embodiment possesses: first heat exchanger 11, and it carries out from the discharge gas of burner 2 discharges and the heat exchange between first thermal medium; The first thermal medium path, 201, the first thermal mediums flow in this first thermal medium path 201; First pump 200, it flows first thermal medium in the first thermal medium path 201; And first thermophore 202, it accumulates the heat of first thermal medium.And; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappears in burner 2 and flame disappear abend under burner 2 unburned states, supply with in handling from combustion air feeder 4 combustion airs during at least during any in; Unit 30 moves first pump 200, reclaims the heat of discharging gas by first thermal medium through heat exchanger 11.
According to said structure; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappears in burner 2 and flame disappear abend under burner 2 unburned states, supply with in handling from combustion air feeder 4 combustion airs during at least during any in, suitably cool off through above-mentioned heat exchange discharging gas.In addition, reclaim the heat of discharging gas through above-mentioned heat exchange.
(embodiment 3)
Fig. 3 is the block diagram of a structure example of the fuel cell system of expression embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In Fig. 3, to the structure unit additional phase identical with the structure unit of the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of embodiment 2 with Reference numeral, omit specifying of this structure unit.
As shown in Figure 3; The fuel cell system of this embodiment uses fuel cell to utilize equipment 7 as hydrogen; This fuel cell system also possesses: second gas flow path 9, and the gas of seeing off from hydrogen maker 1 is fed into burner 2 through this second gas flow path 9 via negative pole (anode) the gas flow path 7A of fuel cell 7; And the second gas open and close valve 9A, its connection/cut-out second gas flow path 9.
In the fuel cell system of this embodiment, for example start the supply in the processing as follows to the combustion fuel of burner 2.
Supply with example as first, with the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1 and 2 likewise, open the first open and close valve 8A, seal the second open and close valve 9A and the 3rd open and close valve 9B, will be used as the combustion fuel of burner 2 from the hydrogen-containing gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off.In this case, become hydrogen-containing gas when the crude fuel of crude fuel feeder 20 is in through hydrogen maker 1, this hydrogen-containing gas is fed into burner 2 through first gas flow path 8 under the state of fuel cell.
As the second supply example, also there is following situation: seal the first open and close valve 8A, open the second open and close valve 9A and the 3rd open and close valve 9B, will be used as the combustion fuel of burner 2 from the exhaust combustion gases that fuel cell is seen off.In this case; Become hydrogen-containing gas when the crude fuel of crude fuel feeder 20 is in through hydrogen maker 1; This hydrogen-containing gas is through the negative pole gas flow path 7A of fuel cell, and the exhaust combustion gases of discharging from negative pole gas flow path 7A is fed into burner 2 through second gas flow path 9.
Utilize said structure, can cool off being discharged to hydrogen producing apparatus 110 outside pyritous discharge gases, therefore comparatively suitable.
[the common action example of fuel cell system]
Below, narrate the common action example of the fuel cell system 200 of embodiment 3 of the present invention.In addition, through controlling, accomplish following action by the each several part of 30 pairs of fuel cell systems 200 of unit.
The common action of fuel cell system 200 roughly is divided into starting to be handled, generates electricity and turn round, stop processing, holding state.Wherein, above-mentioned each operation is known, therefore narrates the summary of each operation below.In addition, start processing, holding state is identical with the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1, therefore omission explanation.
(generating running)
In starting processing; When the temperature of the reforming catalyst layer of hydrogen maker 1 fully is elevated to can in hydrogen maker 1, stably generate the temperature of the hydrogen-containing gas that contains high concentration of hydrogen the time; Supply with example from above-mentioned first and switch to the second supply example, begin fuel cell is supplied with hydrogen-containing gas.Fuel cell uses hydrogen-containing gas of being supplied with by hydrogen producing apparatus 110 and the oxidant gas of being supplied with by oxidant gas feeder (not shown) (for example air) to generate electricity.
(stopping to handle)
Fuel cell system to stop to handle be to stop fuel cell power generation and stop the operation that hydrogen producing apparatus 110 generates hydrogen-containing gas.
Sent in the input operation of carrying out through not shown mechanical arm according to the user under the situation of instruction of the fuel cell system 200 that shuts down; Perhaps the electricity needs of power load situation about becoming not below the regulation electric power threshold value that need supply with from the electric power of fuel cell is inferior, carries out this and stops to handle.
In this stops to handle, stop to supply with oxidant gas, and hydrogen producing apparatus 110 execution are handled with embodiment 1 identical stopping from oxidant gas feeder (not shown).
[the action example when flame disappeared in the burner when hydrogen producing apparatus was generating hydrogen-containing gas in starting processing]
In the fuel cell system 200 of this embodiment; Constitute following structure: hydrogen producing apparatus 110 is generating when flame disappears in the burner 2 under the state of hydrogen-containing gas in start handling; With the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1 likewise; Keep the open mode of the first open and close valve 8A; And continue to utilize 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 to supply with crude fuel, utilize 12 pairs of hydrogen makers of water supply device, 1 supply water and supply with combustion airs, carry out the igniting action by lighter for ignition 5 from combustion air feeder 4.Thus; The fuel cell system 200 of this embodiment and the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of embodiment 1 are likewise; In the igniting action after flame disappears in burner,, reduces as compared with the past gas vol because increasing the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus with the water evaporation.
In addition; In the fuel cell system 200 of this embodiment; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappeared in the burner 2 when hydrogen producing apparatus 110 was generating hydrogen-containing gas in start handling and flame disappear abend boosting of handling in suppressing during the action at least during any in; And the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 2 is likewise discharged the heat exchange (that is, from discharging the gas recovery heat) between the gas and first thermal medium through first heat exchanger 11.
Thus; The hydrogen producing apparatus of fuel cell system of this embodiment and embodiment 2 likewise; During the igniting of lighter for ignition 5 action and flame disappear abend supply with from combustion air feeder 4 under the burner 2 unburned states in handling combustion airs during at least during any in, through above-mentioned heat exchange suitably from discharging the gas recovery heat.But; Also can adopt following mode: during above-mentioned igniting action and flame disappear abend supply with from combustion air feeder 4 under the burner 2 unburned states in handling combustion airs during at least during any in, do not carry out the heat recuperation action of discharging gas.
[variation 1]
In the fuel cell system of above-mentioned embodiment 3; Constitute following structure: when hydrogen producing apparatus 110 is generating hydrogen-containing gas in starting processing; Supply with example according to first and will supply to burner 2 by the hydrogen-containing gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off; But in the fuel cell system of this variation 1, constitute in starting processing and will supply to burner 2 by the hydrogen-containing gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off according to the second supply example.
In this case; Constitute following structure: supply with example according to first in the heating process during before hydrogen maker 1 begins to generate hydrogen-containing gas in the startup processing and will supply to burner 2 through first gas flow path 8, after hydrogen maker 1 begins to generate hydrogen-containing gas, will supply to burner 2 by the hydrogen-containing gas that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off according to second feed rate by the gas that contains crude fuel that hydrogen maker 1 is seen off.In addition; Be not limited to said structure; Also can adopt following mode: first gas flow path 8 and the first open and close valve 8A are not set, just supply with example when the heating process of hydrogen maker 1 begins inflammable gas is supplied to burner 2 via the negative pole gas flow path 7A of fuel cell according to second.Be particularly suitable for having the inside reforming solid oxide fuel cell that hydrogen generates part at fuel battery inside.
In this variation, under the situation that flame disappeared in the burner 2 when hydrogen producing apparatus was generating hydrogen-containing gas in starting processing, keeping the igniting action of execution lighter for ignition 5 under the state of opening the second open and close valve 9A and the 3rd open and close valve 9B.In this case, with the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1 likewise, continue to utilize 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 to supply with crude fuel, utilize 12 pairs of hydrogen makers of water supply device 1 to supply with water and supply with combustion airs from combustion air feeder 4.Thus, the hydrogen producing apparatus 100 of fuel cell system of this variation 1 and embodiment 1 likewise in the igniting action after flame disappears in burner, reduces because gas vol increases the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus with the water evaporation as compared with the past.In addition; In the fuel cell system of above-mentioned variation 1; Employing is made up of the mode of " second open and close valve " the second open and close valve 9A and the 3rd open and close valve 9B; But be not limited to this example, also can adopt following mode: any among the second open and close valve 9A and the 3rd open and close valve 9B is set on second gas flow path 9, and " second open and close valve " is made up of the some open and close valves that are arranged at this second gas flow path 9.
In addition; In the fuel cell system of this variation; During the igniting action of the lighter for ignition 5 after flame disappeared in the burner 2 when also hydrogen producing apparatus 110 was generating hydrogen-containing gas in start handling and flame disappear abend boosting of handling in suppressing during the action at least during any in; With the fuel cell system of embodiment 3 likewise; The mode that both can adopt execution to move from the heat recuperation of discharging the gas recovery heat also can adopt the mode of not carrying out this heat recuperation action.
[variation of the fuel cell system of the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 1,2, the fuel cell system of embodiment 3 and variation 1]
In the fuel cell system of the fuel cell system 200 of the hydrogen producing apparatus 100,110 of embodiment 1,2, embodiment 3 and variation 1; Constitute following structure: under the situation that flame disappears in the burner 2 when in the startup of hydrogen producing apparatus is handled, generating hydrogen-containing gas; Unit 30 utilizes 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 to supply with crude fuel, hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with water and utilized combustion air feeder 4 to supply with combustion air to burner 2, and carries out the igniting action of lighter for ignition 5.
According to said structure; Under the situation of lighting once more through the igniting action burner 2 of lighter for ignition 5; Utilize 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 to supply with crude fuel, hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with water and utilized combustion air feeder 4 to supply with combustion air to burner 2, therefore have the advantage that can make hydrogen producing apparatus successfully continue to generate hydrogen-containing gas.
Therewith relatively; In the hydrogen producing apparatus of this variation; Constitute following structure: in the igniting action after flame disappears in burner 2, unit 30 stops the arbitrary at least side in the following supply: utilize the supply of the crude fuel that 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 carry out; The supply of the water that carries out from water supply device 12.In order to stop that hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with crude fuel, for example constituting under the situation of crude fuel feeder 20, as long as unit 30 stops the action of this topping-up pump with topping-up pump.In order to stop that hydrogen maker 1 is supplied with water, constituting under the situation of water supply device 12, as long as unit 30 stops the action of pump with pump.
This is owing to expected following aspect: though stop to utilize the supply of the crude fuel that 20 pairs of hydrogen makers of crude fuel feeder 1 carry out and the supply of the water that carries out from water supply device 12 arbitrary at least side; Also can utilize the waste heat of hydrogen maker 1 to come to generate water vapour from the water that remains in the hydrogen maker 1; Follow the generation of this water vapour and produce volumetric expansion in the hydrogen maker 1; The inflammable gas that is extruded is thus continued to supply to burner 2, thereby can move the igniting of carrying out burner 2 through the igniting of lighter for ignition 5.
In addition; In this variation, also in burner 2 flame disappear play carry out till the igniting action during in will be communicated with/cut off open and close valve that the gas of seeing off from hydrogen maker 1 supplies to the gas flow path of burner 2 and keep that transferring under the state of opening lights a fire moves.Thereby; Under the situation of this variation; When the igniting after flame disappears in the burner 2 when execution is generating hydrogen-containing gas in startup is handled was moved, the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus 100 owing to the volumetric expansion of following water to evaporate also reduced as compared with the past.
[other variation of the hydrogen producing apparatus of embodiment 2]
Below, the various variation of the heat extraction recovering mechanism that uses in the hydrogen producing apparatus 110 of narration embodiment 2.In addition, at this, though omitted diagram and explanation, the heat extraction recovering mechanism of each variation of narrating below also can be used as the heat extraction recovering mechanism in the fuel cell system of fuel cell system 200 and variation 1 of embodiment 3.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the block diagrams of the variation of the heat extraction recovering mechanism that uses in the hydrogen producing apparatus of expression embodiment 2.
In addition, in each figure, sometimes to the additional same Reference numeral of common key element, and the detailed structure explanation of omitting common element.
In Fig. 4, show the heat extraction recovering mechanism that constitutes following structure: in secondary cooling system, reclaim from the heat of the discharge gas of burner 2 discharges, this recovery heat is accumulated in second thermophore 212 of secondary cooling system.
In second heat exchanger 213, reclaim heat from first thermal medium in the first thermal medium path 201, the heat that is recovered to from first thermal medium is provided for second thermal medium (the for example water of liquid, deicing fluid) in the second thermal medium path 211.That is, first thermal medium becomes the heating fluid in second heat exchanger 213, and second thermal medium becomes the heated fluid in second heat exchanger 213.In addition, through the action of second pump 210, second thermal medium in the second thermal medium path 211 flows, and thus, pyritous second thermal medium that has passed through second heat exchanger 213 gets into second thermophore 212 and also accumulated in this.
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 120 of Fig. 4; During utilizing lighter for ignition 5 not make the igniting action of burner 2 incendiary and flame disappear abend supply with from combustion air feeder 4 under the burner 2 unburned states in handling combustion airs during at least during any in, first pump 200 and second pump 210 all move under the control of unit 30.Thus, the heat of discharging gas is finally reclaimed by second thermal medium, and the heat of consequently discharging gas is accumulated in second thermophore 212.
In Fig. 5, show following heat extraction recovering mechanism: when utilizing first thermal medium to reclaim the heat of discharging gas, first switch 221 (for example electromagnetic type T-valve) is switched, so that the inflow point of destination of first thermal medium is first bypass path 222.
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 130 of Fig. 5; During utilizing lighter for ignition 5 not make the igniting action of burner 2 incendiary and flame disappear abend supply with from combustion air feeder 4 under the burner 2 unburned states in handling combustion airs during at least during any in; First pump 200 is moved, and control first switch 221 so that the inflow point of destination of first thermal medium is first bypass path 222.Thus, dispel the heat through 220 pairs of heats that are recovered to by first thermal medium of scatterer.
In Fig. 6, show the heat extraction recovering mechanism that constitutes following structure: in secondary cooling system, reclaim from the heat of the discharge gas of burner 2 discharges, this recovery heat is accumulated in second thermophore 212 of secondary cooling system.In addition, in secondary cooling system, the second thermal medium path 211 that is provided with second thermophore, 212 upper reaches is connected with second bypass path 232 with 212 bypasses of second thermophore with the second thermal medium path 211 in second thermophore, 212 downstream.In addition, the second switch 231 inflow point of destination that will pass through second thermal medium of second heat exchanger 213 switches to second thermophore 212 or second bypass path 232.Scatterer 230 is scatterers that second thermal medium through second bypass path 232 is dispelled the heat.
In the hydrogen producing apparatus 140 of Fig. 6; During utilizing lighter for ignition 5 not make the igniting action of burner 2 incendiary and flame disappear abend supply with from combustion air feeder 4 under the burner 2 unburned states in handling combustion airs during at least during any in; First pump 200 and second pump 210 are moved, and control second switch 231 so that the inflow point of destination of second thermal medium is second bypass path 232.Thus, dispel the heat through 230 pairs of heats that are recovered to by second thermal medium of scatterer.
Utilizability on the industry
The fuel cell system that the invention provides following a kind of hydrogen producing apparatus and possess this hydrogen producing apparatus: use vaporize water to carry out in the hydrogen producing apparatus of hydrogen maker of reforming reaction possessing; Under the situation that flame disappears in burner, the pressure damage that puts on hydrogen producing apparatus reduces as compared with the past.Thereby hydrogen producing apparatus of the present invention and the fuel cell system that possesses this hydrogen producing apparatus can be used in various uses, for example can be used in home-use hydrogen and utilize equipment (for example fuel cell) co-generation unit.
Description of reference numerals
1: the hydrogen maker; 2: burner; 4: the combustion air feeder; 5: lighter for ignition; 7: hydrogen utilizes equipment; 7A: negative pole (anode); 7C: anodal (cathode); 8: the first gas flow paths; 8A: first open and close valve; 9: the second gas flow paths; 9A: second open and close valve; 9B: the 3rd open and close valve; 10: the burning and gas-exhausting path; 11: the first heat exchangers; 12: the water supply device; 20: the crude fuel feeder; 21: detector; 30: unit; 100,110,120,130,140: hydrogen producing apparatus; 200: fuel cell system; 201: the first thermal medium paths; 202: the first thermophore; 212: the second thermophore; 200: the first pumps; 210: the second pumps; 211: the second thermal medium paths; 213: the second heat exchangers; 220,230: scatterer; 222: the first bypass path; 232: the second bypass path.
Claims (9)
1. hydrogen producing apparatus possesses: the hydrogen maker, and it uses crude fuel and water vapour through reforming reaction generation hydrogen-containing gas; Burner, it heats above-mentioned hydrogen maker; Open and close valve, its connected sum cuts off the gas flow path that will supply to said burner from the gas that above-mentioned hydrogen maker is seen off; Lighter for ignition, it is arranged in the said burner; And unit,
Wherein, said burner constitutes to use when in starting processing, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns from above-mentioned gas stream gas supplied,
Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve.
2. hydrogen producing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that also possessing:
The combustion air feeder, it supplies with combustion air to said burner;
The crude fuel feeder, it supplies to above-mentioned hydrogen maker with above-mentioned crude fuel; And
The water supply device, it supplies water to above-mentioned hydrogen maker,
Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas; Above-mentioned unit is being kept under the state of opening above-mentioned open and close valve; Make above-mentioned crude fuel feeder and above-mentioned water supply device that above-mentioned crude fuel and above-mentioned water supply are arrived above-mentioned hydrogen maker; Make above-mentioned combustion air feeder that above-mentioned combustion air is supplied to said burner, and carry out the igniting action of above-mentioned lighter for ignition.
3. hydrogen producing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Under through the unlit situation of above-mentioned igniting action said burner, above-mentioned unit is carried out the processing that stops of above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus.
4. hydrogen producing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Under through the unlit situation of above-mentioned igniting action said burner, above-mentioned unit is controlled and is made the operational ton of operational ton when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas of above-mentioned combustion air feeder.
5. according to each the described hydrogen producing apparatus in the claim 1～4, it is characterized in that,
Also possess first gas flow path and first open and close valve; The gas of seeing off from above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus is directed to said burner through this first gas flow path under the state that utilizes equipment without the hydrogen that utilizes above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas; This first open and close valve connected sum cuts off above-mentioned first gas flow path
Said burner constitutes when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns through the above-mentioned first gas flow path gas supplied,
Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the above-mentioned igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned first open and close valve.
6. hydrogen producing apparatus according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that also possessing:
Heat exchanger, it carries out from the discharge gas of said burner discharge and the heat exchange between the thermal medium;
Flow in this thermal medium path in thermal medium path, above-mentioned thermal medium;
Pump, it is used for making above-mentioned thermal medium to flow in above-mentioned thermal medium path; And
Thermophore, it accumulates the heat that is recovered to by above-mentioned thermal medium,
Wherein, utilizing above-mentioned lighter for ignition to carry out in the process of above-mentioned igniting action, above-mentioned unit moves said pump.
7. hydrogen producing apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Short during the action of the igniting action the when said burner in handling than above-mentioned startup during the action of above-mentioned igniting action takes fire.
8. fuel cell system, the fuel cell that possesses according to each the described hydrogen producing apparatus in the claim 1～7 and use the hydrogen-containing gas supplied with by above-mentioned hydrogen producing apparatus to generate electricity.
9. fuel cell system; Possess second gas flow path and second open and close valve; Be directed to said burner through this second gas flow path via fuel cell from the gas of seeing off according to each the described hydrogen producing apparatus the claim 1～4; This second open and close valve connected sum cuts off above-mentioned second gas flow path
Said burner constitutes when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas burns through the above-mentioned second gas flow path gas supplied,
Under the situation that flame disappears in the said burner when in above-mentioned startup is handled, generating above-mentioned hydrogen-containing gas, above-mentioned unit is being kept the above-mentioned igniting action of carrying out above-mentioned lighter for ignition under the state of opening above-mentioned second open and close valve.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009-100521 | 2009-04-17 | ||
| JP2009100521 | 2009-04-17 | ||
| JP2010-048274 | 2010-03-04 | ||
| JP2010048274 | 2010-03-04 | ||
| PCT/JP2010/001645 WO2010119608A1 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2010-03-09 | Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system equipped with same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102395525A true CN102395525A (en) | 2012-03-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2010800171236A Pending CN102395525A (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2010-03-09 | Hydrogen generation device and fuel cell system equipped with same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120064421A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2420473B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5634986B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102395525A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010119608A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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| CN103904350A (en) * | 2014-04-09 | 2014-07-02 | 华东理工大学 | Auxiliary component for SOFC system capable of integrating heat exchange and catalytic reaction |
| CN113092660A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-09 | 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 | Testing device for external fire test of hydrogen fuel cell |
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| DE102014116871A1 (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2016-05-19 | L’AIR LIQUIDE Société Anonyme pour l’Etude et l’Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Plant for the production of hydrogen and method for operating this plant |
| JP6610004B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-11-27 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| JP6610003B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2019-11-27 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN108630975B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2023-12-15 | 张家港氢云新能源研究院有限公司 | Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack capable of realizing ultralow temperature cold start below-40 DEG C |
| CN113422091B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2023-05-26 | 郑州佛光发电设备股份有限公司 | Combustion dehydrogenation system for metal-air battery |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP2420473A4 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| WO2010119608A1 (en) | 2010-10-21 |
| EP2420473A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
| US20120064421A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
| JPWO2010119608A1 (en) | 2012-10-22 |
| EP2420473B1 (en) | 2014-08-27 |
| JP5634986B2 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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Application publication date: 20120328 |