CN112412425A - Electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method - Google Patents
Electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112412425A CN112412425A CN202011301030.8A CN202011301030A CN112412425A CN 112412425 A CN112412425 A CN 112412425A CN 202011301030 A CN202011301030 A CN 202011301030A CN 112412425 A CN112412425 A CN 112412425A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method, and relates to the technical field of coal mine gas control. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, utilizing high-voltage pulse shock waves to perform pulse jetting and fracturing on specific positions of a coal bed in a well and a plurality of target holes, then installing a positive electrode and a negative electrode, continuously generating high-voltage electric pulses by using an electric pulse generating device to continuously extend main cracks in the perforating direction, finally flushing the drilled holes by clear water and spraying a waterproof agent, and sealing the holes after the waterproof agent is solidified, and performing hydraulic fracturing. The invention combines electric pulse and hydraulic fracturing, adds conductive ion fracturing fluid to reform the properties of the coal rock mass, and enables the coal rock mass to more easily form a plurality of main hydraulic fractures and fracture-causing fracture zones under the combined action of energy waves and hydraulic pressure waves generated by the electric pulse, thereby reducing the breakdown voltage of the pulse and the danger of high-voltage pulse, increasing the drilling interval, saving the workload of drilling and hole sealing construction, ensuring the fracturing effect, having good safety, simple and convenient operation and wide practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas control, in particular to an electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method.
Background
At present, single low-permeability coal seams generally exist in large mining areas of China, and the gas control work of the single low-permeability coal seams is a technical problem which troubles the majority of technical workers. Particularly, in recent years, with the rapid and sustainable development of economy, the demand of China for coal yield is continuously increased, so that coal mines extend to deep parts at a certain speed every year, and many mines enter deep mining. In the deep part of the mine, due to extremely complex geological conditions, especially in a single mining area with low air permeability, the pre-pumping effect before mining is poor, and the outburst danger of a mining working face cannot be eliminated.
In order to solve the problems, hydraulic fracturing and electric pulse coal bed permeability increasing technologies are proposed. However, when the hydraulic fracturing technology is used singly, the initiation position and the propagation direction of the coal body crack cannot be controlled, effective fracturing cannot be carried out on a test coal bed, and secondary disasters can be caused even in some complex coal beds. The electric pulse coal bed permeability increasing technology has the problems of over high pulse voltage, low safety coefficient, uncontrollable cracking range, low efficiency and the like.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a new method for ensuring the fracturing effect of the coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method, which comprises a shock wave perforator, a high-voltage power supply, an energy storage capacitor, a transformer, a discharge switch, an electrostatic shielding chamber, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a layered liquid storage tank and a liquid conveying pipeline, wherein the high-voltage power supply is connected with the energy storage capacitor; the high-voltage power supply is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a cable, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected with the high-voltage electrode of the shock wave perforator and the grounding electrode in the electrostatic shielding chamber and are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the layered liquid storage tank is used for containing water and conductive ion fracturing fluid, the infusion pipeline is connected with the layered liquid storage tank, and the infusion pipeline is provided with a water pump.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the ground stress of the coal seam and the required crack propagation direction, arranging parallel drill holes and target holes by using a shock wave perforator along the coal seam trend or the inclined direction of a working face, and installing a visual monitoring processor capable of monitoring pulse signals of shock waves and microseismic information derived and expanded from cracks in real time in the drill holes and the target holes.
Step two: withdrawing the shock wave perforator, connecting the infusion pipeline and the layered liquid storage tank, and putting the infusion pipeline into the drill hole; and (3) opening the water pump, injecting the conductive ion fracturing fluid in the layered liquid storage tank into the drill hole along the infusion pipeline, and closing the water pump after soaking the coal bed.
Step three: and positive electrodes and negative electrodes are arranged along the main cracks in the perforation direction, and the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes of the energy storage capacitors are respectively connected with the positive electrodes and the negative electrodes.
Step four: and connecting the energy storage capacitor and the high-voltage power supply, starting the high-voltage power supply, transmitting current to the energy storage capacitor through a cable, starting the energy storage capacitor to store electric energy, and closing the high-voltage power supply when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor rises to a preset voltage.
Step five: and closing the discharge switch, transmitting the electric energy in the energy storage capacitor to the needle heads of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and breaking the coal medium between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the electrode needles to prefabricate cracks.
Step six: and disconnecting the discharge switch, turning on the water pump again, enabling clear water in the layered liquid storage tank to flow into the drill hole along the infusion pipeline and flush the drill hole, injecting the conductive ion fracturing fluid in the layered liquid storage tank into the drill hole again along the infusion pipeline, and turning off the water pump after soaking the coal bed.
Step seven: and (4) withdrawing the infusion pipeline, and uniformly spraying waterproof materials in the drill hole to cover the wall and the crack of the drill hole.
Step eight: and after the waterproof material is solidified, sealing the holes, and performing hydraulic fracturing to enable fracturing cracks generated among the drilled holes to be mutually communicated.
Step nine: and after fracturing is completed, connecting an extraction pipe, and performing gas extraction.
Preferably, in the first step, the drilling arrangement is parallel drilling, the hole spacing is generally 5-20m, and the included angle between the axial direction of the drilling hole and the vertical plane direction of the rock stratum is 0-45 degrees.
Preferably, in the second step, the pressure range of the conductive ion fracturing fluid output by the layered liquid storage tank is 30-300 MPa.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the high-voltage electric pulse is generated at a frequency of 10-60Hz and a voltage range of 30-400 Kv.
Preferably, in the sixth step, both the positive electrode and the negative electrode are compression electrodes; the compression type electrode comprises an electrode needle, a copper bar, insulating washers arranged at two ends of the copper bar, and a fixed sliding block and a spring which are sleeved on the copper bar; the fixed sliding block moves up and down on the copper bar, compresses the spring and adjusts the length of the compression type electrode.
Preferably, the shock wave perforator is a shock wave perforation fracturing device integrating shock wave emission and fracturing functions; and step seven, after the prefabricated crack is finished, converting the drill bit of the shock wave perforation fracturing device into a compression type fracturing conversion drill bit, and performing hydraulic fracturing.
Compared with the prior art, the electric pulse prefabricated fracture directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention utilizes the high-voltage pulse perforation and the pre-fabricated cracks to realize the coal body crushing between the pulse detonation drilling holes and the target drilling holes, so that the fractured cracks can be expanded according to the specified position and a certain direction. The fracturing cracks can be connected with each other within a certain deflection range through simultaneous fracturing of a plurality of parallel drill holes, and the purpose of guiding the cracks is achieved.
(2) The invention combines electric pulse and hydraulic fracturing, adds conductive ion fracturing fluid to reform the properties of the coal rock mass, and enables the coal rock mass to form a plurality of hydraulic main cracks and fracture-causing bands under the combined action of energy waves and hydraulic waves generated by the electric pulse, thereby reducing the pulse breakdown voltage and the danger of high-voltage pulse.
(3) The invention can increase the interval of the fracturing drill holes, save the workload and the cost of the hole sealing construction of the drill holes, ensure the fracturing effect, have good safety, simple and convenient operation and wide practicability.
(4) The shock wave perforation fracturing device adopts a spiral type rotating adjustable focusing transmitting device, shock waves are subjected to high-speed spiral type rotation and multiple reflection, are focused along a preset direction, are transmitted in a centralized mode and act on a coal bed, and have no component in the longitudinal direction. The positive electrode and the negative electrode adopt a telescopic adjusting mode, so that the electrodes are in closer contact with a coal seam, and the extension of the crack is more effective.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric pulse prefabricated fracture directional hydraulic fracturing integrated device.
Figure 2 is a shock wave perforation frac configuration diagram.
FIG. 3 is a view showing the structure of a compression type electrode.
In the figure: 1, drilling; 2-shock wave perforation fracturing device; 3-a high voltage power supply; 4-an energy storage capacitor; 5-a transformer; 6-a discharge switch; 7-a positive electrode; 8-a negative electrode; 9-layered liquid storage tank; 10-a transfusion pipeline; 11-a water pump; 12-a visual monitoring processor; 13-a drill rod; 14-compression type fracturing conversion drill bit; 15-a spiral high-speed controller; 16-an electrode; 17-copper wire; 18-a pulsed shock wave launching drill bit; 19-an insulating washer; 20-a copper rod; 21-fixing the sliding block; 22-a spring; 23-an electrode needle; 24-electrostatic shielding chamber.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1-3 show a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the structure of which is analyzed in detail.
The invention discloses an electric pulse preformed fracture directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method, which adopts a device shown in figure 1 and comprises a shock wave perforation fracturing device 2, a high-voltage power supply 3, an energy storage capacitor 4, a transformer 5, a discharge switch 6, an electrostatic shielding chamber 24, a positive electrode 7, a negative electrode 8, a layered liquid storage tank 9 and an infusion pipeline 10. The high-voltage power supply 3 is connected with the energy storage capacitor 4 through a cable, the high-voltage power supply 3 is started, current can be transmitted to the energy storage capacitor 4 through the cable, the energy storage capacitor 4 starts to store electric energy, and 220V/50Hz alternating current is converted into direct current through the transformer 5. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor 4 rises to a preset voltage, the high-voltage power supply 3 is turned off to be used for perforation of the shock wave perforation fracturing device 2 and pre-fracturing of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor 4 are respectively connected with the high-voltage electrode of the shock wave perforation fracturing device 2 and the grounding electrode in the electrostatic shielding chamber 24, and are also respectively connected with the positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8.
The shock wave perforation fracturing device 2 integrates shock wave emission and fracturing functions, and comprises a drill rod 13, a pulse shock wave emission drill bit 18, a compression type fracturing conversion drill bit 14, electrodes 16 arranged on the pulse laser emitter drill bit 18 in a spiral mode through copper wires and a spiral high-speed controller 15. When the shock wave perforation fracturing device 2 is used for perforation operation, the discharge switch 6 is closed, the spiral high-speed controller 15 is started, the rotating speed and the angle are adjusted according to a prefabricated target, electric energy is transmitted to the tip of the electrode 16 and the pulse shock wave transmitting drill bit 18 through the copper wire 17, the pulse shock wave transmitting drill bit 18 focuses along the preset direction and is in a centralized mode to perform perforation on coal bed operation, and components in the longitudinal direction do not exist. When the shock wave perforation fracturing device 2 is used for fracturing operation, the pulse shock wave transmitting drill bit 18 is replaced by a compression type fracturing conversion drill bit 14.
The positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8 are compression electrodes, and respectively comprise an electrode needle 23, a copper bar 20, insulating washers 19 arranged at two ends of the copper bar 20, and a fixed slider 21 and a spring 22 sleeved on the copper bar 20. Fixed slider 21 can follow bar copper 20 and remove, and compression spring 22, electrode needle 23 set up in bar copper 20 to with fixed slider 21 fixed connection, can remove under fixed slider 21's the drive, realize the regulation of compression electrode length, thereby make positive electrode 7 and negative electrode 8 and coal seam contact closer contact, the crack extends more effectively.
The layered liquid storage tank 9 is used for containing water and conductive ion fracturing fluid, the infusion pipeline 10 is connected with the layered liquid storage tank 9, and the infusion pipeline 10 is provided with a water pump 11.
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the coal seam ground stress and the required crack propagation direction, parallel drilling holes 1 and target holes are arranged along the coal seam trend or the inclined direction of a working face, then the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an energy storage capacitor 4 are respectively connected with a high-voltage electrode of a shock wave perforating fracturing device 2 and a grounding electrode in an electrostatic shielding chamber 24, a discharge switch 6 is closed, and the coal seam is perforated. The arrangement mode of the drill holes 1 is parallel drill holes, the distance between the holes is generally 5-20m, and the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes 1 and the vertical plane direction of a rock stratum is 0-45 degrees. Meanwhile, a visual monitoring processor 12 capable of monitoring the impulse signals of the shock waves and microseismic information derived and expanded from cracks in real time is arranged in the drill hole 1 and the target hole.
Step two: and (3) withdrawing the shock wave perforation fracturing device 2, connecting the infusion pipeline 10 with the layered liquid storage tank 9, and putting the infusion pipeline 10 into the drill hole 1. And (3) opening the water pump 11, injecting the conductive ion fracturing fluid in the layered liquid storage tank 9 into the drill hole 1 along the infusion pipeline 10 to soak the coal bed, and closing the water pump 11 after the conductivity of the coal bed is increased. The pressure range of the conductive ion fracturing fluid output by the layered liquid storage tank 9 is 30-300 MPa.
Step three: the positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8 are arranged along the main crack of the perforation direction, the moving distance of the fixed sliding block 21 is set according to the requirement of the prefabricated crack, the compression length of the spring 22 is controlled, and then the lengths of the positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8 are adjusted. The positive and negative electrodes of the energy storage capacitor 4 are connected to the positive and negative electrodes 7 and 8, respectively.
Step four: connecting the energy storage capacitor 4 with the high-voltage power supply 3, starting the high-voltage power supply 3, transmitting current to the energy storage capacitor 4 through a cable, starting the energy storage capacitor 4 to store electric energy, and closing the high-voltage power supply 3 when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor 4 rises to a preset voltage.
Step five: and (3) closing the discharge switch 6, transmitting the electric energy in the energy storage capacitor 4 to the needle heads of the compression type positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8, and breaking the coal medium between the positive electrode 7 and the negative electrode 8 by the electrode needles to prepare cracks. In the process of electric pulse breakdown of the medium, firstly, a plasma channel is formed in the coal medium, then a large amount of current is injected into the plasma channel instantly, and shock waves formed by electric stress and thermal expansion force act on the plasma channel. The high-voltage electric pulse has the frequency of 10-60Hz and the voltage range of 30-400 Kv.
Step six: and (3) disconnecting the discharge switch 6, turning on the water pump 11 again, enabling clear water in the layered liquid storage tank 9 to flow into the drill hole 1 along the infusion pipeline 10 and flushing the drill hole 1, and injecting the conductive ion fracturing liquid in the layered liquid storage tank 9 into the drill hole 1 again along the infusion pipeline 10 to soak the coal bed so as to improve the hydraulic fracturing effect.
Step seven: and (3) closing the water pump 11, withdrawing the infusion pipeline 10, and uniformly spraying waterproof materials in the drill hole 1 to cover the wall and cracks of the drill hole 1.
Step eight: and after the waterproof material is solidified, sealing the holes, converting the pulse shock wave transmitting drill bit 18 into a compression type fracturing conversion drill bit 14, and performing multi-drill-hole hydraulic fracturing to enable fracturing cracks generated among the drill holes 1 to be communicated with each other. In the whole process, pulse signals of the shock waves and microseismic information of crack derived propagation are monitored and monitored in real time through the visual monitoring processing 12.
Step nine: and after fracturing is completed, connecting an extraction pipe, and performing gas extraction.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. An electric pulse prefabricated crack directional hydraulic fracturing integrated method is characterized in that the used device comprises a shock wave perforator, a high-voltage power supply (3), an energy storage capacitor (4), a transformer (5), a discharge switch (6), an electrostatic shielding chamber (24), a positive electrode (7), a negative electrode (8), a layered liquid storage tank (9) and a liquid conveying pipeline (10); the high-voltage power supply (3) is connected with an energy storage capacitor (4) through a cable, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor (4) are respectively connected with a high-voltage electrode of the shock wave perforator, a grounding electrode in an electrostatic shielding chamber (24) and a positive electrode (7) and a negative electrode (8); the layered liquid storage tank (9) is used for containing water and conductive ion fracturing fluid, the infusion pipeline (10) is connected with the layered liquid storage tank (9), and a water pump (11) is arranged on the infusion pipeline (10);
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to the ground stress of the coal seam and the required crack propagation direction, arranging a parallel drilling hole (1) and a target hole by using a shock wave perforator along the coal seam trend or the inclined direction of a working face, and installing a visual monitoring processor (12) capable of monitoring a pulse signal of a shock wave and microseismic information derived and expanded from cracks in real time in the drilling hole (1) and the target hole;
step two: withdrawing the shock wave perforator, connecting the infusion pipeline (10) with the layered liquid storage tank (9), and placing the infusion pipeline (10) into the drill hole (1); the water pump (11) is started, the conductive ion fracturing fluid in the layered liquid storage tank (9) is injected into the drill hole (1) along the infusion pipeline (10), and the water pump (11) is closed after the coal bed is soaked;
step three: a positive electrode (7) and a negative electrode (8) are arranged along the main crack in the perforation direction, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor (4) are respectively connected with the positive electrode (7) and the negative electrode (8);
step four: connecting an energy storage capacitor (4) and a high-voltage power supply (3), starting the high-voltage power supply (3), transmitting current to the energy storage capacitor (4) through a cable, starting the energy storage capacitor (4) to store electric energy, and closing the high-voltage power supply (3) when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor (4) rises to a preset voltage;
step five: closing a discharge switch (6), transmitting electric energy in an energy storage capacitor (4) to needle heads of a positive electrode (7) and a negative electrode (8), and breaking through a coal medium between the positive electrode (7) and the negative electrode (8) by the electrode needles to prefabricate cracks;
step six: disconnecting the discharge switch (6), turning on the water pump (11) again, enabling clear water in the layered liquid storage tank (9) to flow into the drill hole (1) along the infusion pipeline (10) and flushing the drill hole (1), then injecting the conductive ion fracturing fluid in the layered liquid storage tank (9) into the drill hole (1) again along the infusion pipeline (10), and turning off the water pump (11) after soaking the coal bed;
step seven: withdrawing the infusion pipeline (10), and uniformly spraying waterproof materials in the drill hole (1) to cover the wall and the crack of the drill hole;
step eight: after the waterproof material is solidified, sealing holes, and performing hydraulic fracturing to enable fracturing cracks generated among the drill holes (1) to be communicated with each other;
step nine: and after fracturing is completed, connecting an extraction pipe, and performing gas extraction.
2. The method for integrating the electric pulse preformed fracture oriented hydraulic fracturing into the step one as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step one, the drill holes (1) are arranged in a parallel manner, the distance between the holes is generally 5-20m, and the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes (1) and the vertical direction of the rock stratum is 0-45 degrees.
3. The method for integrating the electric pulse preformed fracture oriented hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the pressure range of the conductive ionic fracturing fluid output by the layered liquid storage tank (9) is 30-300 MPa.
4. The method for integrating the electric pulse preformed fracture oriented hydraulic fracturing into the whole of claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the high-voltage electric pulse is generated at a frequency of 10-60Hz and at a voltage of 30-400 Kv.
5. The electric pulse preformed fracture oriented hydraulic fracturing integrated method according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the positive electrode (7) and the negative electrode (8) are compression electrodes; the compression type electrode comprises an electrode needle (23), a copper bar (20), insulating washers (19) arranged at two ends of the copper bar (20), and a fixed sliding block (21) and a spring (22) which are sleeved on the copper bar (20); the fixed sliding block (21) moves up and down on the copper bar (20) to compress the spring (22) and adjust the length of the compression type electrode.
6. The method for integrating electric pulse pre-fracture directional hydraulic fracturing into the claim 1 is characterized in that the shock wave perforator is a shock wave perforating and fracturing device (2) integrating shock wave emission and fracturing functions; and seventhly, after the prefabricated crack is finished, converting the pulse shock wave transmitting drill bit (18) into a compression type fracturing conversion drill bit (14) for hydraulic fracturing.
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| CN113738327A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for directionally cracking shale by plasma |
| CN113738270A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Directional drilling device and method for pre-weakened coal rock induced mechanical drilling |
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| CN113738327A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for directionally cracking shale by plasma |
| CN113738270A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-12-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Directional drilling device and method for pre-weakened coal rock induced mechanical drilling |
| CN113738327B (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-04-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for directionally cracking shale by plasma |
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