CN112392540B - Microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse synergistic coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method - Google Patents
Microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse synergistic coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112392540B CN112392540B CN202011301051.XA CN202011301051A CN112392540B CN 112392540 B CN112392540 B CN 112392540B CN 202011301051 A CN202011301051 A CN 202011301051A CN 112392540 B CN112392540 B CN 112392540B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave-assisted presplitting and high-voltage pulse synergistic coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method, and relates to the technical field of coal mine gas control. Firstly, drilling a hole in a coal seam, connecting a microwave antenna to the innermost end of a coaxial waveguide tube and sending the microwave antenna into a fracturing drill hole; then turning on a microwave generator, and radiating the borehole through a microwave antenna; then injecting a conductive ion solution into the drill hole until the coal bed is soaked; and finally, discharging through the adjustable electrode to finish multiple pulse impact. According to the invention, microwave radiation provides a seepage channel for the conductive ion solution to permeate into the coal bed, the conductive ion solution dissolves organic small molecules in coal to generate the effects of hole expansion and seam making, and meanwhile, the high-voltage electric pulse is used for carrying out multiple discharge breakdown on the coal body between the positive electrode drill hole and the negative electrode drill hole, so that a large number of fractures are generated on the coal body between the drill holes to form a controllable fracture area, the effect of overall pressure relief and weakening of the coal bed is achieved, the porosity and permeability of the coal bed are greatly improved, and gas desorption is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine gas control, in particular to a microwave-assisted presplitting and high-voltage pulse synergistic coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method.
Background
With the continuous increase of the coal mining depth, the number of deep mines is multiplied. Deep mines generally have the characteristics of microporosity, low permeability and high adsorbability, so that most coal seam gas is difficult to extract and gas disasters are serious.
At present, the weakening and permeability increasing measures of the low-permeability coal seam mainly comprise loosening blasting, hydraulic cutting, high-pressure water injection cracking weakening and the like. The technologies such as loosening blasting, hydraulic slotting, hydraulic punching and the like have the problems of small influence range, large construction amount, complexity and the like. The coal seam water injection technology can not control the crack extension direction, the deep water injection is difficult, and the weakening and permeability increasing effect is poor.
The electric pulse fracturing permeability-increasing technology is one of effective technical measures for improving the coal seam gas extraction effect. However, the conventional high-voltage pulse technology has the problems of unstable effect, high energy loss, high pulse voltage, high danger and the like.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to provide a new coal seam weakening and permeability increasing method to achieve the effects of quickly weakening, cracking and promoting desorption of the coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention discloses a microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse synergistic coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method, wherein under the assistance of microwaves, a conductive ionic solution can more fully dissolve organic compounds in coal, dredge pore cracks of the coal, improve the conductivity of the coal seam, and reduce the breakdown field intensity of high-voltage pulses.
The invention provides a microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse cooperative coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device which comprises a microwave generator, a microwave converter, a coaxial waveguide, a microwave antenna, a liquid storage and air extraction integrated device, a high-voltage power supply, an energy storage capacitor and electrodes.
The microwave generator is connected with the microwave converter, the microwave converter is connected with the microwave antenna through a coaxial waveguide tube, and the microwave antenna is placed in the coal layer fracturing drill hole; the microwave generated by the microwave generator sequentially passes through the microwave converter and the coaxial waveguide tube to reach the microwave antenna to radiate the borehole; one end of the coaxial waveguide tube, which is connected with the microwave antenna, is connected with a temperature sensor.
The liquid injection and air extraction integrated device is characterized in that a liquid injection pipeline and an extraction pipe are connected to the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device, one end, far away from the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device, of the liquid injection pipeline extends into the drill hole, the end portion of the liquid injection pipeline is connected with an automatic liquid injection nozzle, and a water pump is further arranged on the liquid injection pipeline.
The high-voltage power supply is connected with an energy storage capacitor through a cable, and the anode and the cathode of the energy storage capacitor are respectively connected with an electrode and an electrostatic shielding instrument; the electrodes are arranged in the coal layer fracturing drill holes, and a discharge switch and an insulated cable protection tube are arranged on a cable connected with the energy storage capacitor.
Preferably, the electrode is an adjustable electrode and comprises a copper bar and an electrode needle; insulating washers are arranged at two ends of the copper rod, a spring and a sliding block are sleeved outside the copper rod, the sliding block can slide along the copper rod to compress the spring, and the length of the electrode is adjusted.
Preferably, a visual monitoring processor for monitoring and recording coal seam microseismic signals and gas extraction data information in real time is further arranged in the coal seam.
The invention also discloses a method for weakening and increasing the permeability of the coal bed by using the device for weakening and increasing the permeability of the coal bed, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and constructing a plurality of fracturing drill holes in the low-permeability coal seam.
Step two: connecting a microwave antenna to the front end of a coaxial waveguide tube, putting the coaxial waveguide tube into a drill hole, starting a microwave generator, enabling generated microwaves to sequentially pass through a microwave converter and the coaxial waveguide tube to reach the microwave antenna, carrying out microwave radiation on the microwave antenna into the drill hole, and monitoring the temperature change of a coal bed in real time by a temperature sensor.
Step three: after the coal seam cracks, the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device and the water pump are opened, the conductive ionic solution in the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device flows into the automatic liquid injection nozzle along the liquid injection pipeline, and the automatic liquid injection nozzle injects the conductive ionic solution into the drill hole in all directions and at multiple angles until the coal seam is soaked.
Step four: and starting the high-voltage power supply, charging the energy storage capacitor by the high-voltage power supply, closing the discharge switch when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor reaches a preset value, discharging the adjustable electrode, and then disconnecting the discharge switch to finish primary pulse impact.
Step five: and repeating the step four, and performing multiple pulses until the coal seam fractures are rich in development.
Step six: and connecting the extraction pipe with the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device to extract gas.
Preferably, in the step one, a plurality of fracturing drill holes are arranged in parallel, and the hole spacing is 5-20 m; the included angle between the axial direction of the drill hole and the vertical plane direction of the rock stratum is 0-45 degrees.
Preferably, in the second step, the operating frequency of the microwave generator is 2.5GHz, and the power is 2.5 KW.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the high-voltage electric pulse has a frequency of 10-50Hz, a voltage range of 30-500Kv, and a number of pulses of 200-750.
Compared with the prior art, the coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device and method with the cooperation of microwave-assisted presplitting and high-voltage pulse, disclosed by the invention, have the advantages that:
while passing through. The invention has strong applicability, energy saving, environmental protection and good weakening and permeability increasing effect.
(1) Under the assistance of microwaves, the conductive ionic solution can more fully dissolve organic compounds in coal, dredge pore cracks of the coal, improve the conductivity of a coal bed and reduce the high-voltage pulse breakdown field intensity.
(2) The thermal effect generated by microwave radiation can promote the desorption of coal bed gas, and the generated thermal stress can cause the coal body to generate microcracks, thereby being more beneficial to the full contact of the conductive ion solution and the coal layer.
(3) According to the invention, under the combined action of energy waves generated by electric pulses and microwave thermal radiation, multiple cracks and crack zones are formed on the coal rock, and high-voltage electric pulses are used for carrying out multiple discharge breakdown on the coal body between the positive electrode drill hole and the negative electrode drill hole, so that a large number of cracks are generated on the coal body between the drill holes, a controllable crack area is formed, the effect of overall pressure relief and weakening of a coal seam is achieved, the porosity and permeability of the coal layer are greatly improved, and gas desorption is promoted, so that the gas extraction effect can be greatly improved, the interval between fracturing drill holes can be increased, and the workload and cost of drilling construction are saved.
(4) The invention adopts the visual monitoring processor to monitor the pulse signal of the shock wave and the microseismic information derived and expanded by the crack in real time, has good safety, simple operation, environmental protection and harmlessness and wide practicability.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of weakening and permeability increasing of a coal seam by microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse cooperation.
In the figure: 1, drilling; 2-a visual monitoring processor; 3-a microwave generator; 4-a microwave converter; 5-a coaxial waveguide; 6-a microwave antenna; 7-a temperature sensor; 8-liquid storage and air extraction integrated device; 9-liquid injection pipeline; 10-automatic liquid injection spray head; 11-a water pump; 12-a high voltage power supply; 13-an energy storage capacitor; 14-electrostatic screening apparatus; 15-a discharge switch; 16-an electrode; 17-an insulated cable sheath; and 18-pumping pipe.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is parsed in detail.
The coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device with the cooperation of microwave-assisted pre-splitting and high-voltage pulse shown in fig. 1 comprises a microwave generator 3, a microwave converter 4, a coaxial waveguide 5, a microwave antenna 6, a liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8, a high-voltage power supply 12, an energy storage capacitor 13 and an electrode 16.
The microwave generator 3 is connected with the microwave converter 4, the microwave converter 4 is connected with the microwave antenna 6 through the coaxial waveguide 5, and the microwave antenna 6 is placed in the coal seam fracturing borehole 1. The microwave generated by the microwave generator 3 sequentially passes through the microwave converter 4 and the coaxial waveguide 5 to reach the microwave antenna 6 to radiate the borehole 1, the generated thermal effect can promote the analysis of coal bed gas, and the generated thermal stress can enable the coal body to generate microcracks. One end of the coaxial waveguide tube 5, which is connected with the microwave antenna 6, is connected with a temperature sensor 7 for monitoring the change of the coal bed heat under microwave radiation in real time.
The liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8 is connected with a liquid injection pipeline 9 and an extraction pipe 18. One end of the liquid injection pipeline 9, which is far away from the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8, extends into the drill hole 1, the end part of the liquid injection pipeline is connected with an automatic liquid injection nozzle 10, and a water pump 11 is arranged on the liquid injection pipeline 9. And (3) opening a water pump 11, enabling the conductive ion solution in the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8 to flow into an automatic liquid injection nozzle 10 through a liquid injection pipeline 9, and injecting the conductive ion solution into the drill hole 1 in an all-dimensional and multi-angle manner so as to permeate into the coal bed and change the conductivity of the coal bed. The extraction pipe 18 is used for extracting gas after the development of the coal seam fracture is finished.
The high-voltage power supply 12 is connected with an energy storage capacitor 13 through a cable, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor 13 are respectively connected with an electrode 16 and an electrostatic shielding instrument 14. The electrode 16 is arranged in the coal seam fracturing drill hole 1, and a discharge switch 15 and an insulated cable protective pipe 17 are arranged on a cable connected with the energy storage capacitor 13. Specifically, the electrode 16 is a controllable electrode, and includes a copper rod and an electrode needle. The bar copper both ends all are provided with insulating washer, and the bar copper overcoat is equipped with spring and slider, and the slider can be followed the bar copper and slided compression spring, and the electrode needle sets up in the bar copper to with fixed slider fixed connection, can remove under the drive of slider, realize the regulation of 16 length of electrode, make 16 inseparabler with the coal seam contact of electrode, the crack extends more effectively.
And a visual monitoring processor 2 for monitoring and recording coal seam microseismic signals and gas extraction data information in real time is also arranged in the coal seam.
The invention also discloses a method for weakening and increasing the permeability of the coal bed by using the device for weakening and increasing the permeability of the coal bed, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and constructing a plurality of fracturing drill holes 1 on the low-permeability coal seam, connecting the fracturing drill holes with a device, and placing a liquid injection pipeline 9, one end of an automatic liquid injection nozzle 10, an extraction pipe 18 and an electrode 16 in the drill holes 1. And a visual monitoring processor 2 is arranged in the constructed borehole 1 and used for monitoring and recording coal bed microseismic signals and gas extraction data information in real time. The plurality of fracturing drill holes 1 are arranged in parallel, the hole spacing is 5-20m, and the included angle between the axial direction of the drill holes 1 and the vertical plane direction of a rock stratum is 0-45 degrees.
Step two: connecting a microwave antenna 6 to the front end of a coaxial waveguide tube 5, placing the coaxial waveguide tube into the drill hole 1, turning on a microwave generator 3, enabling the generated microwaves to pass through a microwave converter 4 and the coaxial waveguide tube 5 to reach the microwave antenna 6 in sequence, and radiating the microwaves into the drill hole 1 by the microwave antenna 6. The thermal stress generated by the microwave can make the coal body generate microcracks, and the thermal effect can promote the analysis of the coal bed gas. The temperature sensor 7 monitors the temperature change of the coal bed in real time. The operating frequency of the microwave generator 3 is 2.5GHz and the power is 2.5 KW.
Step three: after the coal seam cracks, the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8 and the water pump 11 are opened, the conductive ionic solution in the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8 flows into the automatic liquid injection nozzle 10 along the liquid injection pipeline 9, and the automatic liquid injection nozzle 10 injects the conductive ionic solution into the drill hole 1 in all directions and at multiple angles until the coal seam permeates.
Step four: after the injection of the conductive ion solution is completed, the high voltage power supply 12 is turned on, and the high voltage power supply 12 charges the energy storage capacitor 13. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor 13 reaches a preset value, the discharge switch 15 is closed to discharge the adjustable electrode, high-voltage electric pulses are discharged and punctured for the coal body between the positive electrode drill hole 1 and the negative electrode drill hole 1, a large number of cracks are generated in the coal body between the drill holes 1 to form a controllable crack area, and then the discharge switch 15 is switched off to finish primary pulse impact. The high-voltage electric pulse has the frequency of 10-50Hz and the voltage range of 30-500 Kv.
Step five: and repeating the step four, and performing 200-750 times of pulse until the coal seam fractures are rich in development.
Step six: and connecting the extraction pipe 18 with the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device 8, performing gas extraction, and collecting related data information of the gas extraction by adopting the visual monitoring processor 2.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for weakening and permeability increasing of a coal seam by using a coal seam weakening and permeability increasing device comprises a microwave generator (3), a microwave converter (4), a coaxial waveguide (5), a microwave antenna (6), a liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8), a high-voltage power supply (12), an energy storage capacitor (13) and an electrode (16);
the microwave generator (3) is connected with the microwave converter (4), the microwave converter (4) is connected with the microwave antenna (6) through the coaxial waveguide tube (5), and the microwave antenna (6) is placed in the coal seam fracturing drill hole (1); microwaves generated by the microwave generator (3) sequentially pass through the microwave converter (4) and the coaxial waveguide tube (5) to reach the microwave antenna (6) to radiate the drill hole (1); one end of the coaxial waveguide tube (5) connected with the microwave antenna (6) is connected with a temperature sensor (7);
the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8) is connected with a liquid injection pipeline (9) and an extraction pipe (18), one end, far away from the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8), of the liquid injection pipeline extends into the drill hole (1), the end part of the liquid injection pipeline is connected with an automatic liquid injection nozzle (10), and a water pump (11) is further arranged on the liquid injection pipeline;
the high-voltage power supply (12) is connected with an energy storage capacitor (13) through a cable, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the energy storage capacitor (13) are respectively connected with an electrode (16) and an electrostatic shielding instrument (14); the electrode (16) is arranged in the coal seam fracturing drill hole (1), and a discharge switch (15) and an insulated cable protective pipe (17) are arranged on a cable connected with the energy storage capacitor (13);
the electrode (16) is an adjustable electrode and comprises a copper bar and an electrode needle; insulating washers are arranged at two ends of the copper rod, a spring and a sliding block are sleeved outside the copper rod, the sliding block can slide along the copper rod to compress the spring, and the length of the electrode (16) is adjusted;
a visual monitoring processor (2) for monitoring and recording coal seam microseismic signals and gas extraction data information in real time is also arranged in the coal seam;
the method for weakening and increasing permeability of the coal seam is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a plurality of fracturing drill holes in the low-permeability coal seam;
step two: connecting a microwave antenna (6) to the front end of a coaxial waveguide tube (5), placing the coaxial waveguide tube into a drill hole (1), turning on a microwave generator (3), enabling the generated microwaves to sequentially pass through a microwave converter (4) and the coaxial waveguide tube (5) to reach the microwave antenna (6), carrying out microwave radiation on the microwaves in the drill hole by the microwave antenna (6), and monitoring the temperature change of a coal bed in real time by a temperature sensor (7);
step three: after a coal seam is cracked, opening the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8) and the water pump (11), enabling a conductive ionic solution in the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8) to flow into the automatic liquid injection nozzle (10) along the liquid injection pipeline (9), and enabling the automatic liquid injection nozzle (10) to inject the conductive ionic solution into the drill hole (1) in all directions and at multiple angles until the coal seam is soaked;
step four: the high-voltage power supply (12) is started, the high-voltage power supply (12) charges the energy storage capacitor (13), when the voltage of the energy storage capacitor (13) reaches a preset value, the discharge switch (15) is closed, the adjustable electrode (16) is discharged, and then the discharge switch (15) is opened to finish primary pulse impact;
step five: repeating the step four, and performing multiple pulses until the coal seam cracks are rich in development;
step six: and connecting the extraction pipe (18) with the liquid storage and air extraction integrated device (8) to extract gas.
2. The method for weakening and permeability increasing of the coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, a plurality of fracturing drill holes (1) are arranged in parallel, and the hole spacing is 5-20 m; the included angle between the axial direction of the drill hole (1) and the vertical plane direction of the rock stratum is 0-45 degrees.
3. The method for weakening and permeability increasing of the coal seam according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the operating frequency of the microwave generator is 2.5GHz, and the power is 2.5 KW.
4. The method for weakening and increasing permeability of a coal seam according to claim 2, wherein in the fourth step, the high voltage electric pulse generation frequency is 10 to 50Hz, the voltage range is 30 to 500Kv, and the number of pulses is 200 and 750.
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| CN112855246B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2022-08-19 | 山东科技大学 | Automatic coal seam water injection equipment and method based on ultrasonic wave and microwave synergistic effect |
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| CN113504125B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2024-03-19 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | True triaxial physicochemical combined coal rock anti-reflection test device and method |
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