CN202673140U - Pulse plasma drilling machine system - Google Patents

Pulse plasma drilling machine system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN202673140U
CN202673140U CN 201220306036 CN201220306036U CN202673140U CN 202673140 U CN202673140 U CN 202673140U CN 201220306036 CN201220306036 CN 201220306036 CN 201220306036 U CN201220306036 U CN 201220306036U CN 202673140 U CN202673140 U CN 202673140U
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electrode
water inlet
transmission line
hvdc
photoelectricity
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章志成
闫克平
黄逸凡
裴彦良
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a pulse plasma drilling machine system. The pulse plasma drilling machine system comprises a trigger signal generating device, a high-voltage direct-current charging unit, a photoelectric composite transmission cable, a first winch, a first fixed pulley, a high-voltage pulse forming unit, a deionized water circulation unit and a drill bit electrode. Ground equipment and underground equipment in a circuit part are connected together through a direct-current transmission line, and high-voltage pulse generated by the high-voltage pulse forming unit can be directly loaded on the drill bit electrode, so that use of a long-distance pulse transmission line is avoided, the problem of mismatching between the impedance of the pulse transmission line and the characteristic impedance of a passageway after a rock is punctured is solved, and the energy utilization efficiency and the drilling depth are greatly improved.

Description

The pulsed plasma borer system
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the oil-gas exploration and development technical field, relates to a kind of separated type pulsed plasma borer system.
Background technology
Along with the fast rise of petroleum resources demand, the advanced drilling equipment of development is the active demand of our oil gas strategy.Traditional boring method has mechanical boring method and chemical substance blasting procedure.The former utilizes mechanical drilling tool that the impact of rock and shear action are realized fragmentation to rock having characteristics simple in structure, easy to operate, but has the easily shortcoming such as wearing and tearing of drilling tool; Thereby the latter chemical substance impacts the fragmentation that realizes rock at the energy that moment reaction discharges to rock, has the advantages such as simple to operate, that detonation velocity is fast, but has simultaneously that broken disturbance is large, poisonous and harmful substance produces and the shortcoming such as pass is irregular.
In the face of growing drilling well demand, emerging drilling technology is continually developed out, such as supercritical ultrasonics technology, electronic beam method, cavitating water jet method etc.These methods all are the methods that develops for certain some specific rock, have certain effect, but also have some restrictive defectives simultaneously.
Utilize pulsed plasma to realize that rapidly rock drilling well is a kind of technology that develops in recent years.Its principle is: rock is placed in the deionized water environment, place one or more pairs of high and low pressure electrodes on the surface of rock, when the high pressure short pulse that applies hundred nanosecond rise times on rock, electrical breakdown at first occurs than water in rock, under the effect of repetition pulse, can realize the rapid drilling of rock.
The pulsed plasma drilling equipment has all appearred in the countries such as Russia, the European Community, Japan and the U.S. at present.The pulsed plasma drilling equipment mainly comprises HVDC charge power supply, storage capacitor, switch, bit electrode, circulating water other assist drillings of unifying.The electrical block diagram of these pulsed plasma borer systems as shown in Figure 1, the HVDC charhing unit charges to storage capacitor, after the storage capacitor charging reaches setting value, the switch triggering conducting, produce the bit electrode that the high pressure short pulse exports load to, the bit electrode discharge causes that rock punctures and generation is broken.HVDC charhing unit, storage capacitor and switch all are positioned over aboveground, are called uphole equipment; Bit electrode is placed on the down-hole, is called underground equipment.Uphole equipment and underground equipment link together by pulse transmission line.The structure of the design underground equipment of this structure is relatively simple, drilling process is simple, but the problem that exists is: after rock punctures, characteristic impedance is less than 1 ohm of (Scott J. MacGregor et al, Plasma Channel Miniature Hole Drilling Technology[J], IEEE Transactions on plasma science, 2004:2055-2061), the characteristic impedance of supposing transmission line is Z, after rock punctures, the inner plasma channel that forms, the characteristic impedance of plasma is R in the passage, the energy efficiency that obtains in the load so is:
Figure 906979DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Wherein,
Figure 824119DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Be the energy efficiency that obtains in the load, Z is the characteristic impedance of transmission line, and R is the inner characteristic impedance that forms plasma channel after rock punctures.If obtain higher energy efficiency, the characteristic impedance when the desirable characteristic impedance of pulse transmission line will puncture with rock equates.And existing burst transmissions cable (RG215, RG218 etc.), its characteristic impedance is generally 50 ohm even higher, domestic is 10 ohm by Qingdao Haiyang develop for the minimum characteristic impedance of the coaxial water cable of pulsed plasma borer system at present, under the high like this characteristic impedance of transmission line, the load rock is difficult to obtain higher energy efficiency.For this situation, many research institutions have proposed new circuit structure and have solved this resistance matching problem, the people such as J Biela have proposed solid-state switch power supply (J. Biela et al, Solid State Modulator for Plasma Channel Drilling[J], IEEE Transactions on plasma science, 2009:1093-1099), the position sensing that this method is placed actuating coil is difficult to satisfy this requirement in the real work.Professor Yan Keping of Zhejiang University has developed a kind of assembled pulse power supply based on pulse forming network (ZL 2,009 2 0295616.0), and this method can better realize the coupling of impedance, still has problems but solve in the long range pulse transmission.
In addition, increase along with the burst transmissions cable length, the steepness of pulse front edge can be because the meeting that affects of stray inductance or stray capacitance further descends, when the rising front of voltage does not reach requiring of hundred nanoseconds, rig is with regard to cisco unity malfunction, and Here it is that conventional plasma rig can not be realized one of reason of degree of depth drilling well.
The utility model content
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of new pulsed plasma borer system.
For achieving the above object, technical solution adopted in the utility model is: the utility model pulsed plasma borer system comprises that triggering signal generating means, HVDC charhing unit, photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable, the first winch, the first fixed pulley, high-voltage pulse form unit, deionized water cycling element and bit electrode.
High-voltage pulse forms the unit and comprises high energy storage density electric capacity, switch and leakproof fuel cell, the casing of leakproof fuel cell is made by conductive material, fill transformer oil in the leakproof fuel cell, high energy storage density electric capacity and switch are immersed in the transformer oil, and the low-pressure end of high energy storage density electric capacity is electrically connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell;
The signal output part of triggering signal generating means is connected with the input of the optical fiber of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable; The high-voltage output end of described HVDC charhing unit is electrically connected with the high voltage input terminal of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable, the low pressure input electrical connection that the low-voltage output of HVDC charhing unit is shared the same light and replied the HVDC Transmission line that closes transmission yarn by cable; Photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable is sequentially behind pile warp the first winch, the first fixed pulley, the high-voltage output end of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable is electrically connected with the high-pressure side of high energy storage density electric capacity, the anode of switch simultaneously, the low-voltage output of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable is connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell, and the output of the optical fiber of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable is connected with the trigger electrode of switch.
Bit electrode comprises high-field electrode and earthing electrode, form cavity between high-field electrode and the earthing electrode, the lower surface of high-field electrode and earthing electrode all contacts with rock, high-field electrode is connected with the cathodic electricity that high-voltage pulse forms the switch of unit, and earthing electrode is electrically connected with the casing that high-voltage pulse forms the leakproof fuel cell of unit;
The deionized water cycling element comprises purifier, reservoir, intake pump, water inlet pipe, gutter, drainage pump, the second winch, the second fixed pulley, the 3rd winch and the 3rd fixed pulley, the delivery port of purifier is communicated with the water inlet of reservoir, the delivery port of reservoir is connected with the water inlet of intake pump, and the delivery port of intake pump is communicated with the water inlet of water inlet pipe; Water inlet pipe successively behind pile warp the 3rd winch, the 3rd fixed pulley its water side be fixedly connected with the earthing electrode of bit electrode, the delivery port of water inlet pipe is communicated with cavity between high-field electrode and the earthing electrode; The water inlet of gutter is communicated with cavity between high-field electrode and the earthing electrode, and the water inlet end of gutter is fixedly connected with earthing electrode; Gutter sequentially on pile warp the second fixed pulley, the second winch after, the delivery port of gutter is communicated with the water inlet of drainage pump, the delivery port of drainage pump is communicated with the water inlet of purifier.
Further, high-voltage pulse formation unit described in the utility model and bit electrode place the down-hole.
Further, photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable described in the utility model comprises HVDC Transmission line and signal transmission fiber, HVDC Transmission line structure from outside to inside is followed successively by coaxial cable shield, outer conductor layer, insulating layer and inner conductor layer, optical fiber is at the side of HVDC Transmission line, and the skin of optical fiber is provided with the optical fiber screen layer.
Compared with prior art, the technique effect that the utility model is useful is:
(1) based on the structure of the utility model borer system, the high pressure short pulse that uses high-voltage pulse to form the unit generation can directly be carried on the bit electrode, avoided using long range pulse transmission line, do not exist impedance and the rock of pulse transmission line to puncture the problem of the characteristic impedance mismatch of rear passage, thereby greatly improved energy utilization efficiency.
(2) owing to do not use pulse transmission line, the problem that also slows down with regard to the increase voltage rising front that does not exist along with drilling depth, thus improved the degree of depth of drilling well.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electrical block diagram of conventional pulsed plasma borer system in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the circuit structure block diagram of the utility model pulsed plasma borer system;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the utility model pulsed plasma borer system;
Fig. 4 is the circuit theory diagrams of a kind of embodiment of the utility model pulsed plasma borer system;
Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation of embodiment of the photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable of the utility model pulsed plasma borer system.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, the utility model pulsed plasma well system comprises that mainly triggering signal generating means 2, HVDC charhing unit 31, photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5, the first winch 4, the first fixed pulley 6, high-voltage pulse form unit, deionized water cycling element and bit electrode.
Photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 shown in Figure 5 is comprised of HVDC Transmission line and signal transmission fiber 10, and HVDC Transmission line structure from outside to inside is followed successively by coaxial cable shield 25, outer conductor layer 26, insulating layer 27 and inner conductor layer 28.Optical fiber 10 is at the side of HVDC Transmission line.The skin of optical fiber 10 also is provided with optical fiber screen layer 29, and optical fiber screen layer 29 provides protection on electromagnetic shielding and the frame for movement for optical fiber 10.HVDC Transmission line and optical fiber 10 form photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 by having fire-retardant total sheath 24 envelopes that block water.Reply by cable and close transmission yarn 5 simultaneously transmission of high-voltage direct current electricity and optical signal.
High-voltage pulse forms the unit and comprises high energy storage density electric capacity 11, switch 12 and leakproof fuel cell 9.The casing of leakproof fuel cell 9 is made by conductive material, fills transformer oil in the leakproof fuel cell 9, and high energy storage density electric capacity 11 and switch 12 are immersed in the transformer oil, and the low-pressure end of high energy storage density electric capacity 11 is electrically connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell 9.
The signal output part of triggering signal generating means 2 is connected with the input of the optical fiber of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5.
The high-voltage output end of HVDC charhing unit 31 is electrically connected with the high voltage input terminal of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5, the low pressure input electrical connection that the low-voltage output of HVDC charhing unit 31 is shared the same light and replied the HVDC Transmission line that closes transmission yarn 5 by cable.As preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the output voltage of HVDC charhing unit 31 is more than or equal to 30 kV, the rising front of the output voltage of the switch 12 of high-voltage pulse formation unit is less than 100 ns, and the pulsed plasma rig has higher rock-breaking efficiency with this understanding.
Photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 is sequentially behind pile warp the first winch 4, the first fixed pulley 6, the high-voltage output end 17 of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 is electrically connected with the high-pressure side of high energy storage density electric capacity 11, the anode of switch 12 simultaneously, the low-voltage output of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 is connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell 9, and the output of the optical fiber 10 of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 is connected with the trigger electrode of switch 12.
Bit electrode comprises high-field electrode 14 and earthing electrode 13, form cavity 16 between high-field electrode 14 and the earthing electrode 13, the lower surface of high-field electrode 14 and earthing electrode 13 all contacts with rock 15, high-field electrode 14 is connected with the cathodic electricity that high-voltage pulse forms the switch 12 of unit, and earthing electrode 13 is electrically connected with the casing that high-voltage pulse forms the leakproof fuel cell 9 of unit.
The deionized water cycling element comprises purifier 23, reservoir 22, intake pump 21, water inlet pipe 18, gutter 8, drainage pump 1, the second winch 3, the second fixed pulley 7, the 3rd winch 20 and the 3rd fixed pulley 19.
The delivery port of purifier 23 is communicated with the water inlet of reservoir 22, and the delivery port of reservoir 22 is connected with the water inlet of intake pump 21, and the delivery port of intake pump 21 is communicated with the water inlet of water inlet pipe 18.If process the deionization electrical conductivity of water that obtains less than or equal to 100 μ S/cm through purifier 23, the deionized water of low conductivity can reduce water power and leads the energy loss that causes so, and plasma channel occurs in rock interior rather than the water when further guaranteeing the high and low pressure electrode discharge.
Behind pile warp the 3rd winch 20, the 3rd fixed pulley 19, the water side of water inlet pipe 18 is fixedly connected with the earthing electrode of bit electrode 13 water inlet pipe 18 sequentially, and the delivery port of water inlet pipe 18 is communicated with cavity 16 between high-field electrode 14 and the earthing electrode 13.The water inlet of gutter 8 is communicated with cavity 16 between high-field electrode 14 and the earthing electrode 13, the water inlet end of gutter 8 is fixedly connected with earthing electrode 13, gutter 8 sequentially on pile warp the second fixed pulley 7, the second winch 3 after, the delivery port of gutter 8 is communicated with the water inlet of drainage pump 1, and the delivery port of drainage pump 1 is communicated with the water inlet of purifier 23.
The payingoff speed of the first winch 4 control photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cables 5, the payingoff speed of the second winch 3 control gutters 8, the payingoff speed of the 3rd winch 20 control water inlet pipes 18.The payingoff speed of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5, water inlet pipe 18 and gutter 8 is consistent.
From the position of placing, triggering signal generating means 2, HVDC charhing unit 31, reservoir 22, intake pump 21, drainage pump 1, the first winch 4, the second winch 3, the 3rd winch 20, the first fixed pulley 6, the second fixed pulley 7 and the 3rd fixed pulley 19 are positioned over aboveground, are uphole equipment; High-voltage pulse forms the unit and bit electrode is positioned over the down-hole, is underground equipment.
As shown in Figure 2, the circuit part of the utility model pulsed plasma borer system mainly comprises HVDC charhing unit, high energy storage density electric capacity and switch.Different from traditional pulsed plasma borer system: the utility model is positioned over the HVDC charhing unit aboveground, and high energy storage density electric capacity 11, switch 12 and bit electrode are positioned over the down-hole.Uphole equipment in the circuit part (HVDC charhing unit) and underground equipment (high energy storage density electric capacity 11, switch 12 and bit electrode) link together by DC link.Referring to Fig. 4, as a kind of specific embodiment of the present utility model, three-phase alternating current becomes high voltage direct current after transformer T boosts by the rectifier bridge rectification, and this part is the HVDC charhing unit, and this part is placed on aboveground.The HVDC charhing unit connects with the high energy storage density capacitor C by the HVDC Transmission line, and galvanic high-pressure side is electrically connected with the high-pressure side of high energy storage density capacitor C, and galvanic low-pressure end is electrically connected with the low-pressure end of high energy storage density capacitor C.The anode of switch S is electrically connected the anodic bonding of the negative electrode of switch S and load R with the high-pressure side of high energy storage density capacitor C.Shake the impact that electric current causes switch S in the other direction in discharge process, generally be parallel with diode at the two ends of switch S, the anode of diode connects with the negative electrode of switch S, and the negative electrode of diode is with the anodic bonding of switch.Switch S is conducting after receiving triggering signal, and the high-voltage pulse of generation directly is carried on the bit electrode.The pulse transmission line that the utility model pulsed plasma borer system has used DC link to replace traditional pulsed plasma rig to use, DC link be the problem such as voltage rising edge steepness reduction when not having the voltage transmission inefficiency that causes because of impedance mismatch and long Distance Transmission.It is worth mentioning that owing to the limited space in the down-hole, the storage capacitor that uses is the electric capacity of high energy storage density.Electric capacity and the switch of high energy storage density are got up with the transformer oil oil sealing, play the effect of electrical apparatus insulation.
The utility model pulsed plasma rig course of work is: after the intake pump 21 of deionized water cycling element starts, intake pump 21 is pumped into deionized water clean in the reservoir 22 in the water inlet pipe 18, water inlet pipe 18 is delivered to clean deionized water in the high-field electrode 14 and the cavity 16 between the earthing electrode 13 of bit electrode, and high-field electrode 14 and earthing electrode 13 are immersed in the deionized water environment.HVDC charhing unit 31 converts single-phase or three-phase alternating current to direct current after the rectification of boosting, and by the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 direct current is transferred to the high energy storage density electric capacity 11 that high-voltage pulse forms the unit.Triggering signal generating means 2 according to the user set produce to be used for making switch 12 operations optical signal, optical fiber 10 through photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable 5 transfers to the switch 12 that high-voltage pulse forms the unit with triggering signal, switch 12 is accepted conducting after the triggering signal, the high-voltage pulse that produces is carried on the bit electrode, make high-field electrode 14 and earthing electrode 13 discharges of bit electrode, cause the electrical breakdown of rock 15, rock 15 microexplosions also occur broken.Under the effect of the drainage pump 1 of deionized water cycling element, fragmented rock enters into gutter 8 and enters into purifier 23 with deionized water.After purifier 23 was processed, the rock chip was got rid of outside the body of drill, and clean deionized water flow into reservoir, and entered into next circulation.

Claims (3)

1. a pulsed plasma borer system is characterized in that: comprise that triggering signal generating means (2), HVDC charhing unit (31), photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5), the first winch (4), the first fixed pulley (6), high-voltage pulse form unit, deionized water cycling element and bit electrode;
Described high-voltage pulse forms the unit and comprises high energy storage density electric capacity (11), switch (12) and leakproof fuel cell (9), the casing of leakproof fuel cell (9) is made by conductive material, leakproof fuel cell fills transformer oil in (9), high energy storage density electric capacity (11) and switch (12) are immersed in the transformer oil, and the low-pressure end of high energy storage density electric capacity (11) is electrically connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell (9);
The signal output part of triggering signal generating means (2) is connected with the input of the optical fiber (10) of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5); The high-voltage output end of described HVDC charhing unit (31) is electrically connected with the high voltage input terminal of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5), the low pressure input electrical connection that the low-voltage output of HVDC charhing unit (31) is shared the same light and replied the HVDC Transmission line that closes transmission yarn (5) by cable; Photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5) is sequentially behind pile warp the first winch (4), the first fixed pulley (6), the high-voltage output end (17) of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5) is electrically connected with the high-pressure side of high energy storage density electric capacity (11), the anode of switch (12) simultaneously, the low-voltage output of the HVDC Transmission line of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5) is connected with the casing of leakproof fuel cell (9), and the output of the optical fiber (10) of photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable (5) is connected with the trigger electrode of switch (12);
Described bit electrode comprises high-field electrode (14) and earthing electrode (13), form cavity (16) between high-field electrode (14) and the earthing electrode (13), the lower surface of high-field electrode (14) and earthing electrode (13) all contacts with rock (15), high-field electrode (14) is connected with the cathodic electricity that high-voltage pulse forms the switch (12) of unit, and earthing electrode (13) is electrically connected with the casing that high-voltage pulse forms the leakproof fuel cell (9) of unit;
Described deionized water cycling element comprises purifier (23), reservoir (22), intake pump (21), water inlet pipe (18), gutter (8), drainage pump (1), the second winch (3), the second fixed pulley (7), the 3rd winch (20) and the 3rd fixed pulley (19), the delivery port of purifier (23) is communicated with the water inlet of reservoir (22), the delivery port of reservoir (22) is connected with the water inlet of intake pump (21), and the delivery port of intake pump (21) is communicated with the water inlet of water inlet pipe (18); Water inlet pipe (18) is sequentially behind pile warp the 3rd winch (20), the 3rd fixed pulley (19), the water side of water inlet pipe (18) is fixedly connected with the earthing electrode (13) of bit electrode, and the delivery port of water inlet pipe (18) is communicated with cavity (16) between high-field electrode (14) and the earthing electrode (13); The water inlet of gutter (8) is communicated with cavity (16) between high-field electrode (14) and the earthing electrode (13), and the water inlet end of gutter (8) is fixedly connected with earthing electrode (13); Gutter (8) sequentially pile warp the second fixed pulley (7), the second winch (3) upper after, the delivery port of gutter (8) is communicated with the water inlet of drainage pump (1), the delivery port of drainage pump (1) is communicated with the water inlet of purifier (23).
2. pulsed plasma borer system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described high-voltage pulse forms the unit and bit electrode places the down-hole.
3. pulsed plasma borer system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described photoelectricity multiplexing of transmission cable comprises HVDC Transmission line and signal transmission fiber, HVDC Transmission line structure from outside to inside is followed successively by coaxial cable shield, outer conductor layer, insulating layer and inner conductor layer, optical fiber is at the side of HVDC Transmission line, and the skin of optical fiber is provided with the optical fiber screen layer.
CN 201220306036 2012-06-28 2012-06-28 Pulse plasma drilling machine system Expired - Lifetime CN202673140U (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102733754A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-10-17 浙江大学 Pulse plasma drilling machine system
CN111255375A (en) * 2020-02-18 2020-06-09 吉林大学 Plasma ice layer drill bit and plasma ice layer drilling equipment
CN113187398A (en) * 2021-06-02 2021-07-30 辽宁石油化工大学 Novel magnetic continuous pulse plasma drill bit and drilling method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102733754A (en) * 2012-06-28 2012-10-17 浙江大学 Pulse plasma drilling machine system
CN111255375A (en) * 2020-02-18 2020-06-09 吉林大学 Plasma ice layer drill bit and plasma ice layer drilling equipment
CN113187398A (en) * 2021-06-02 2021-07-30 辽宁石油化工大学 Novel magnetic continuous pulse plasma drill bit and drilling method
CN113187398B (en) * 2021-06-02 2023-06-02 辽宁石油化工大学 Novel magnetic continuous pulse plasma drill bit and drilling method

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