CN112410719A - Wear-resistant heat-resistant steel - Google Patents
Wear-resistant heat-resistant steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112410719A CN112410719A CN202011124676.3A CN202011124676A CN112410719A CN 112410719 A CN112410719 A CN 112410719A CN 202011124676 A CN202011124676 A CN 202011124676A CN 112410719 A CN112410719 A CN 112410719A
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- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of steel performance research, and discloses wear-resistant heat-resistant steel, which is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced particle material on the surface of steel to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns, a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel, the wear-resistant layer has high comprehensive mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and the like, the brittle failure of the whole steel is prevented, the corrosion of a corrosive medium is effectively prevented, the wear-resistant layer can effectively prevent the steel from falling off due to the abrasion under the high-temperature working condition, oxidation is avoided, cracks are not generated due to the sudden change of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the cost is low, the service life is long, the performance is superior to that of a high-chromium cast steel material, and the problem that the adhesion accident is caused by the reduction of the wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of steel performance research, and particularly relates to wear-resistant heat-resistant steel.
Background
The steel industry is one of the basic pillars of national economy, has wide application as an important structural material and almost extends to all industries. With the development of modern industry and the development and utilization of ocean resources, the ship industry has come up with new development opportunities. Along with this, the demand for ferrous materials is also increasing.
The wear resistance of a steel is not only an intrinsic property of the steel, but also a property which is manifested in a wear system, on the one hand by the intrinsic properties of the steel (e.g. hardness, toughness, strength, etc.), but also by the wear behavior, in particular the temperature.
In the published chinese patent application CN106319383A, a nitrogen-containing high-chromium wear-resistant steel with strong toughness and high wear resistance and a preparation process thereof are proposed for the problem of poor wear resistance of iron castings, and the wear resistance of steel can be improved by increasing the chromium content. However, the hardness of high-chromium cast iron is reduced at high temperature, and the oxide films of chromium oxide and iron oxide are not dense, so that the high-chromium cast iron is difficult to resist the abrasion of a stronger abrasive, and the abrasion grooves are easily caused by the micro-protrusions formed on the surface and the high-hardness oxide scale. And the hardness is reduced, so that the adhesion is easily caused, the steel adhesion phenomenon is caused, the friction force is obviously improved, and the production accident is easily caused in the work. Therefore, the method still has a very high research prospect for improving the wear resistance of the steel at high temperature, and has very important significance for reducing economic loss, reducing resource waste, improving economic benefits and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide wear-resistant heat-resistant steel aiming at the existing problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a wear-resistant heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced granular material on the surface of a steel product, so that a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel product;
the reinforced particle material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.5-3.0% of tungsten carbide, 3-5% of aluminum oxide, 0.5-0.7% of cobalt oxide, 0.01-0.02% of strontium oxide, 1.75-1.90% of silicon nitride, 0.02-0.04% of yttrium oxide and the balance of silicon carbide; the components are ball-milled until the particle size is between 0.08 and 0.10 micron.
Specifically, the preparation process of the wear-resistant heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing and polishing the surface of the steel: wiping the steel by using acetone, immersing the steel into a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.02-0.03% at the temperature of 35-40 ℃, oscillating and cleaning for 3-5 minutes, drying the steel in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, and putting the steel in polishing liquid, wherein the polishing temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the polishing time lasts for 3-5 minutes;
(2) cleaning the polished steel for 2-3 times by using deionized water, then placing the steel in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for drying for 40-50 minutes, and spraying the reinforced granular material on the surface of the steel by adopting a plasma spraying technology to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns;
in plasma spraying, nitrogen is used as main spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.45-1.55 cubic meters per hour, and hydrogen is used as auxiliary spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.10-1.15 cubic meters per hour.
As a further description of the above scheme, the polishing solution used in step (1) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0-2.5% of superfine abrasive, 3.0-3.5% of oxidant, 0.05-0.08% of surfactant, 0.2-0.3% of pH regulator and the balance of deionized water, and polishing after adjusting the pH value to 9.2-9.5.
Further, the superfine grinding material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15-20% of silicon oxide powder, 20-25% of barium carbonate powder, 30-35% of calcium oxide powder and the balance of magnesium oxide powder, wherein the particle size of the superfine abrasive is 10-30 nanometers.
Further, the preparation ratio of the oxidant is as follows: 15-20 g of sodium hydroxide, 10-12 g of sodium hypochlorite, 8-10 g of sodium percarbonate, 7-9 g of potassium permanganate, 5-8 g of potassium perborate and 750 ml of deionized water.
The steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.4-1.9%, Cr: 5.5-6.0%, Si: 1.3-1.6%, Ni: 0.8-1.2%, Mn: 0.4-0.6%, Zn: 0.5-1.0%, Cu: 0.2-0.4%, Co: 0.03 to 0.05%, Nb: 0.030 to 0.035%, Mo: 0.021-0.027%, S: 0.017-0.020%, P: 0.025-0.030%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in order to solve the problem of poor abrasion resistance of steel products in the prior art during working at high temperature, the invention provides abrasion-resistant heat-resistant steel, which is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced granular material on the surface of the steel products to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns, a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel products, the wear-resistant layer has high comprehensive mechanical properties such as strength, toughness and the like, prevents the steel products from being brittle failure and corrosion of corrosive media, can effectively prevent the steel products from being worn under the high-temperature working condition to cause granule falling and oxidation, can not cause cracks due to sudden change of coefficient of thermal expansion, has low cost, long service life and better performance than that of high-chromium cast steel, and avoids the problem that the abrasion resistance reduction of the high-chromium cast steel adopted in the prior art under the working condition of a hot environment causes adhesion accidents, the stability of the steel under the high-temperature environment is improved, and the steel has the characteristics of high strength, high hardness, small thermal expansion coefficient and good wear resistance, the surface structure of the heat-resistant steel obtained by treatment at high temperature is compact enough, the heat-resistant steel is tightly and directly combined with a matrix, the hardness is not affected by temperature rise and is not deteriorated, the adhesive wear and the abrasive wear can be effectively reduced, and the problem that the conventional steel is poor in working wear resistance at high temperature is solved. The formed wear-resistant layer has high bonding strength with the surface of steel, has strong erosion resistance, plays a long-term surface protection role on the steel and can adapt to various working environments. The application prospect of the steel in multiple industries is expanded. Has important significance for the industrial development of steel products.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the technical solutions provided by the present invention.
Example 1
A wear-resistant heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced granular material on the surface of a steel product, so that a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel product;
the reinforced particle material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.5% of tungsten carbide, 3% of aluminum oxide, 0.5% of cobalt oxide, 0.01% of strontium oxide, 1.75% of silicon nitride, 0.02% of yttrium oxide and the balance of silicon carbide; the components are ball-milled until the particle size is between 0.08 and 0.10 micron.
Specifically, the preparation process of the wear-resistant heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing and polishing the surface of the steel: wiping a steel product by using acetone, immersing the steel product into a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.02% at the temperature of 35 ℃, oscillating and cleaning for 3 minutes, drying the steel product in a drying oven at the temperature of 60 ℃, putting the dried steel product into polishing liquid, and keeping the polishing temperature at 40 ℃ for 3 minutes;
(2) cleaning the polished steel for 2 times by using deionized water, then drying the steel in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 40 minutes, and spraying the reinforced granular material on the surface of the steel by adopting a plasma spraying technology to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns;
in plasma spraying, nitrogen is used as main spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.45 cubic meters per hour, and hydrogen is used as auxiliary spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.10 cubic meters per hour.
As a further description of the above scheme, the polishing solution used in step (1) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0% of superfine abrasive, 3.0% of oxidant, 0.05% of surfactant, 0.2% of pH regulator and the balance of deionized water, and polishing after adjusting the pH value to 9.2.
Further, the superfine grinding material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of silicon oxide powder, 20% of barium carbonate powder, 30% of calcium oxide powder and the balance of magnesium oxide powder, wherein the particle size of the superfine abrasive is 10-30 nanometers.
Further, the preparation ratio of the oxidant is as follows: 15 g of sodium hydroxide, 10 g of sodium hypochlorite, 8 g of sodium percarbonate, 7 g of potassium permanganate, 5 g of potassium perborate and 750 ml of deionized water.
The steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.4%, Cr: 5.5%, Si: 1.3%, Ni: 0.8%, Mn: 0.4%, Zn: 0.5%, Cu: 0.2%, Co: 0.03%, Nb: 0.030%, Mo: 0.021%, S: 0.017%, P: 0.025%, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities.
Heat resistant steel test pieces having abrasion resistance of 100mm X50 mm in specification were prepared by the method of example 1 to prepare 5 pieces. The test sample is subjected to a friction and wear test, the test is carried out on an M-2000 type abrasion tester, the load is 600N, and the rotating speed of the test sample shaft is 360 revolutions per minute. And (3) measuring: at 25 ℃, the abrasion time is 20 minutes, the abrasion loss is 0.22 mg, the surface has almost no abrasion trace and is smooth; the sample was heat-treated at 500 ℃ for 30 minutes and then cooled to 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, and the abrasion loss was 0.23 mg, and the surface had almost no abrasion trace, cracks, and irregularities.
Other properties: the surface friction coefficient is 0.61, and the hardness is 1516HV0.3。
Example 2
A wear-resistant heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced granular material on the surface of a steel product, so that a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel product;
the reinforced particle material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.8% of tungsten carbide, 4% of aluminum oxide, 0.6% of cobalt oxide, 0.015% of strontium oxide, 1.81% of silicon nitride, 0.03% of yttrium oxide and the balance of silicon carbide; the components are ball-milled until the particle size is between 0.08 and 0.10 micron.
Specifically, the preparation process of the wear-resistant heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing and polishing the surface of the steel: wiping the steel by using acetone, immersing the steel into a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.025% at the temperature of 38 ℃, oscillating and cleaning for 4 minutes, drying the steel in a drying oven at the temperature of 65 ℃, putting the steel in polishing liquid, and keeping the polishing temperature at 45 ℃ for 4 minutes;
(2) cleaning the polished steel for 2 times by using deionized water, then drying the steel for 45 minutes in a vacuum drying oven at 1005 ℃, and spraying the reinforced granular material to the surface of the steel by adopting a plasma spraying technology to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns;
in plasma spraying, nitrogen is used as main spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.50 cubic meters per hour, and hydrogen is used as auxiliary spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.12 cubic meters per hour.
As a further description of the above scheme, the polishing solution used in step (1) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.2% of superfine abrasive, 3.3% of oxidant, 0.06% of surfactant, 0.25% of pH regulator and the balance of deionized water, and polishing after adjusting the pH value to 9.3.
Further, the superfine grinding material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 18 percent of silicon oxide powder, 22 percent of barium carbonate powder, 33 percent of calcium oxide powder and the balance of magnesium oxide powder, wherein the particle size of the superfine grinding material is between 10 and 30 nanometers.
Further, the preparation ratio of the oxidant is as follows: 18 g of sodium hydroxide, 11 g of sodium hypochlorite, 9 g of sodium percarbonate, 8 g of potassium permanganate, 6.5 g of potassium perborate and 780 ml of deionized water.
The steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.7%, Cr: 5.8%, Si: 1.4%, Ni: 1.0%, Mn: 0.5%, Zn: 0.8%, Cu: 0.3%, Co: 0.04%, Nb: 0.032%, Mo: 0.024%, S: 0.018%, P: 0.027%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
Heat resistant steel test pieces having abrasion resistance of 100mm X50 mm in specification were prepared by the method of example 1 to prepare 5 pieces. The test sample is subjected to a friction and wear test, the test is carried out on an M-2000 type abrasion tester, the load is 600N, and the rotating speed of the test sample shaft is 360 revolutions per minute. And (3) measuring: at 25 ℃, the abrasion time is 20 minutes, the abrasion loss is 0.21 mg, the surface has almost no abrasion trace and is smooth; the sample was heat-treated at 500 ℃ for 30 minutes and then cooled to 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, and the abrasion loss was 0.20 mg, and the surface had almost no abrasion trace, no crack, and no unevenness.
Other properties: the surface friction coefficient is 0.60, and the hardness is 1519HV0.3。
Example 3
A wear-resistant heat-resistant steel is characterized in that a plasma spraying technology is adopted to spray a reinforced granular material on the surface of a steel product, so that a wear-resistant layer with high hardness, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance is formed on the surface of the steel product;
the reinforced particle material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 3.0% of tungsten carbide, 5% of aluminum oxide, 0.7% of cobalt oxide, 0.02% of strontium oxide, 1.90% of silicon nitride, 0.04% of yttrium oxide and the balance of silicon carbide; the components are ball-milled until the particle size is between 0.08 and 0.10 micron.
Specifically, the preparation process of the wear-resistant heat-resistant steel comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing and polishing the surface of the steel: wiping a steel product by using acetone, immersing the steel product into a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.03% at the temperature of 40 ℃, oscillating and cleaning for 5 minutes, drying the steel product in a drying oven at the temperature of 70 ℃, putting the steel product into polishing liquid, and keeping the polishing temperature at 50 ℃ for 5 minutes;
(2) cleaning the polished steel for 3 times by using deionized water, then placing the steel in a vacuum drying oven at 110 ℃ for drying for 50 minutes, and spraying the reinforced granular material on the surface of the steel by adopting a plasma spraying technology to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns;
in plasma spraying, nitrogen is used as main spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.55 cubic meters per hour, and hydrogen is used as auxiliary spraying gas with the flow rate of 1.15 cubic meters per hour.
As a further description of the above scheme, the polishing solution used in step (1) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.5% of superfine abrasive, 3.5% of oxidant, 0.08% of surfactant, 0.3% of pH regulator and the balance of deionized water, and polishing after adjusting the pH value to 9.5.
Further, the superfine grinding material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% of silicon oxide powder, 25% of barium carbonate powder, 35% of calcium oxide powder and the balance of magnesium oxide powder, wherein the particle size of the superfine abrasive is 10-30 nanometers.
Further, the preparation ratio of the oxidant is as follows: 20 g of sodium hydroxide, 12 g of sodium hypochlorite, 10 g of sodium percarbonate, 9 g of potassium permanganate, 8 g of potassium perborate and 800 ml of deionized water.
The steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 1.9%, Cr: 6.0%, Si: 1.6%, Ni: 1.2%, Mn: 0.6%, Zn: 1.0%, Cu: 0.4%, Co: 0.05%, Nb: 0.035%, Mo: 0.027%, S: 0.020%, P: 0.030%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
Heat resistant steel test pieces having abrasion resistance of 100mm X50 mm in specification were prepared by the method of example 1 to prepare 5 pieces. The test sample is subjected to a friction and wear test, the test is carried out on an M-2000 type abrasion tester, the load is 600N, and the rotating speed of the test sample shaft is 360 revolutions per minute. And (3) measuring: at 25 ℃, the abrasion time is 20 minutes, the abrasion loss is 0.22 mg, the surface has almost no abrasion trace and is smooth; the sample was heat-treated at 500 ℃ for 30 minutes and then cooled to 25 ℃ for 20 minutes, and the abrasion loss was 0.21 mg, and the surface had almost no abrasion trace, cracks, and irregularities.
Other properties: the surface friction coefficient is 0.61, and the hardness is 1517HV0.3。
Claims (5)
1. A wear-resistant heat-resistant steel is characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) degreasing and polishing the surface of the steel: wiping the steel by using acetone, immersing the steel into a sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.02-0.03% at the temperature of 35-40 ℃, oscillating and cleaning for 3-5 minutes, drying the steel in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-70 ℃, and putting the steel in polishing liquid, wherein the polishing temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the polishing time lasts for 3-5 minutes; the polishing solution is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.0-2.5% of superfine abrasive, 3.0-3.5% of oxidant, 0.05-0.08% of surfactant, 0.2-0.3% of pH regulator and the balance of deionized water, and polishing after adjusting the pH value to 9.2-9.5;
(2) cleaning the polished steel for 2-3 times by using deionized water, then placing the steel in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for drying for 40-50 minutes, and spraying the reinforced granular material on the surface of the steel by adopting a plasma spraying technology to obtain a coating with the thickness of 30-35 microns; the reinforced particle material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2.5-3.0% of tungsten carbide, 3-5% of aluminum oxide, 0.5-0.7% of cobalt oxide, 0.01-0.02% of strontium oxide, 1.75-1.90% of silicon nitride, 0.02-0.04% of yttrium oxide and the balance of silicon carbide; the components are ball-milled until the particle size is between 0.08 and 0.10 micron.
2. A wear-resistant, heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said steel contains, in mass%: c: 1.4-1.9%, Cr: 5.5-6.0%, Si: 1.3-1.6%, Ni: 0.8-1.2%, Mn: 0.4-0.6%, Zn: 0.5-1.0%, Cu: 0.2-0.4%, Co: 0.03 to 0.05%, Nb: 0.030 to 0.035%, Mo: 0.021-0.027%, S: 0.017-0.020%, P: 0.025-0.030%, the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities.
3. An abrasion-resistant, heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said ultra-fine abrasive of step (1) comprises the following components in mass percent: 15-20% of silicon oxide powder, 20-25% of barium carbonate powder, 30-35% of calcium oxide powder and the balance of magnesium oxide powder, wherein the particle size of the superfine abrasive is 10-30 nanometers.
4. An abrasion-resistant, heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said oxidizing agent in step (1) is formulated in the following proportions: 15-20 g of sodium hydroxide, 10-12 g of sodium hypochlorite, 8-10 g of sodium percarbonate, 7-9 g of potassium permanganate, 5-8 g of potassium perborate and 750 ml of deionized water.
5. A wear-resistant, heat-resistant steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said plasma spraying in step (2), nitrogen gas is the main gas for spraying at a flow rate of 1.45 to 1.55 m/hr, and hydrogen gas is the auxiliary gas for spraying at a flow rate of 1.10 to 1.15 m/hr.
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