CN112398286A - 用于测量机轴的角位置的装置 - Google Patents

用于测量机轴的角位置的装置 Download PDF

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CN112398286A
CN112398286A CN202010742545.5A CN202010742545A CN112398286A CN 112398286 A CN112398286 A CN 112398286A CN 202010742545 A CN202010742545 A CN 202010742545A CN 112398286 A CN112398286 A CN 112398286A
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P·斯拉玛
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Infineon Technologies AG
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/215Magnetic effect devices, e.g. Hall-effect or magneto-resistive elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/003Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring position, not involving coordinate determination
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D11/00Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D11/30Supports specially adapted for an instrument; Supports specially adapted for a set of instruments
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P1/00Details of instruments
    • G01P1/02Housings
    • G01P1/026Housings for speed measuring devices, e.g. pulse generator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01PMEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets

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Abstract

在此描述用于测量机轴的角位置的装置。以下描述用于测量机轴的角位置或旋转运动的装置。根据一个实施例,该装置具有第一壳体部分以及布置在第一壳体部分中并且可绕旋转轴线旋转的机轴。机轴具有孔,该孔从机轴的端面沿着旋转轴线延伸到机轴中。该装置还包括:具有至少一个永磁体的磁体单元,该永磁体布置在孔内并固定至机轴;第二壳体部分带有沿旋转轴线延伸到孔中的突起;以及布置在第二壳体部分的突起内部的磁场传感器元件。

Description

用于测量机轴的角位置的装置
技术领域
本说明书涉及角度测量系统领域,该角度测量系统例如可以用于测量机轴的角位置。
背景技术
为了控制电动机,例如需要用于测量电机轴的角位置的测量系统。这种测量系统经常基于探测旋转磁场,并且通常(另外)包括:一个或多个永磁体,该永磁体与机轴连接并因此随机轴旋转;以及一个或多个磁场传感器,用于检测所产生的磁场。可以看出,本发明所基于的一个目的是使现有的传感器系统更加有效(例如,考虑到成本、安装、零件数量、减小结构空间等)。
发明内容
上述目的是通过根据本发明的装置来实现。各种实施例和改进方案是以下内容。
以下描述一种用于测量机轴的角位置或旋转运动的装置。以下描述用于测量机轴的角位置或旋转运动的装置。根据一个实施例,该装置具有第一壳体部分以及布置在第一壳体部分中并且可绕旋转轴线旋转的机轴。机轴具有孔,该孔从机轴的端面沿着旋转轴线延伸到机轴中。在空心轴的情况下,所提及的孔是通孔。该装置还包括:具有至少一个永磁体的磁体单元,该永磁体布置在孔内并固定至机轴;第二壳体部分带有沿旋转轴线延伸到孔中的突起;以及布置在第二壳体部分的突起内部的磁场传感器元件。
此外,描述了一种具有电动机的驱动装置。根据一个实施例,该装置具有电动机,其布置在第一壳体部分中并带有可绕旋转轴线旋转的电机轴,电机轴具有从机轴的端面沿旋转轴线延伸的孔。该装置还具有:磁体单元,该磁体单元带有至少一个布置在孔内部并固定至机轴的永磁体;以及驱控单元,该驱控单元布置在壳体中,该壳体具有沿旋转轴线延伸到孔中的突起。在驱控单元中布置有用于驱控电动机的电子电路,并且在突起的内部布置有磁场传感器元件,该磁场传感器元件与用于驱控电动机的电子电路耦联。
附图说明
下面,借助附图更详细地说明实施例。这些图示不一定按比例绘制,并且实施例不限于所示出的方面。相反,重要的是提出实施例所基于的原理。对于附图:
图1示出了磁性传感器的示例,磁性传感器在机轴的端部布置在机轴的中心轴向孔中;传感器可以通过壳体中的开口被推到中心轴向孔中。
图2是示例性示出用于电动机的驱控单元、例如用于无刷DC电动机的变流器的框图。
图3示出了具有集成在壳体盖中的磁性传感器的实施例。
图4示出了类似于图3的实施例,但是在这种情况下,用于电动机的驱控单元用作壳体盖,这使得能够实现更加紧凑的设计。
图5示出了图4中的示例的改型。
具体实施方式
图1描述了一种与机轴耦联的传感器系统,该传感器系统用于测量安置在壳体中的机轴、特别是电动机的电机轴的角位置(angular position)和/或转速(angularvelocity角速度)。电动机例如可以是永磁同步电动机(PMSM),其通常也被称为无刷直流电动机(brushless DC motor)。这种电动机的结构原则上是已知的,因此在图1中未示出,以便使图示简洁。
图1示出了布置在壳体中的机轴10,其可绕旋转轴线R旋转地安置(例如,电动机的电机轴)。机轴10具有轴向孔11,即孔11沿旋转轴线R从机轴11的端面出发延伸到机轴11中。孔11可以是盲孔或通孔。在通孔的情况下,机轴10是空心轴。磁体单元20布置在孔11内,该磁体单元20固定至机轴10并且因此与机轴一起旋转。磁体单元20具有至少一个永磁体。在图1中,仅示出了壳体的一部分,即壳体盖41,其大致位于垂直于旋转轴线的平面。在机轴10的端面与壳体盖的内侧之间可以存在狭小缝隙(缝隙宽度t)。磁体单元20的各种设计本身是已知的。对于此处描述的示例而言,磁体单元20的具体实施方式本身是已知的,因此在此不再赘述。
壳体盖41具有中央开口,传感器单元30可通过中央开口插入。传感器单元30的一部分具有细长的形状(例如,圆柱形状)。该部分大致位于旋转轴线R上,并且当传感器单元30通过壳体盖41中的开口插入时被导入孔11中。传感器单元30可以被固定至壳体盖41。例如,传感器单元与壳体盖41粘接或通过螺钉固定。
在传感器单元30内部,存在一个或多个传感器元件31,其对也随机轴10旋转的磁体单元21所产生的磁场敏感。此外,传感器单元30可以包含用于驱控传感器元件31和用于(预处理)传感器信号的传感器电子器件(然而,不一定必须是这种情况)。在图1所示的示例中,传感器单元30具有带有电触头33的插座,这些电触头能够与插头40实现插接连接。借助于插头40,电缆41可以与传感器单元30内部的传感器电子器件连接。包括传感器单元30和与机轴10一起旋转的磁体单元20的传感器系统允许测量机轴10的角位置。机轴的角速度和/或角加速度可以从所测量的角位置导出。
图2中的框图示意性地示出了具有传感器单元30的电动机M,传感器单元用于测量电机轴的角位置φ。传感器单元30经由电缆41与驱控单元50连接,该驱控单元包含用于驱控电动机M的电子器件。用于驱控电动机M的电子器件例如包括变流器(例如三相逆变器)、用于驱控包含在变流器中的功率晶体管的栅极驱动器电路、用于生成用于栅极驱动器电路的驱控信号的微驱控器(尤其基于从传感器单元30接收到的有关电机轴的角位置φ的信息等)。
图3示出了集成在电动机壳体中用于测量机轴10的角位置φ的传感器单元的实施例。在此应该说,为了使图3中图示简洁,机轴10相对于壳体被相对较大地显示。图3中所示的元素未按比例绘制。类似于图1的示例,机轴10具有沿旋转轴线R的轴向孔11,并且磁体单元20安装在孔11内部,磁体单元随机轴10旋转并因此产生随机轴旋转的磁场。磁体单元20包括至少一个永磁体,该永磁体例如产生沿直径方向延伸的磁场(该磁场的方向在图3中由箭头指示)。
电动机布置在第一壳体部分40中,该第一壳体部分可以通过第二壳体部分41从侧面封闭。第二壳体部分41在下文中称为壳体盖。壳体盖可以具有空腔42,并具有例如细长的、例如棱柱形(或圆柱形)且空心的突起43,当将壳体盖41安装至壳体部分40时,该突起沿着旋转轴线延伸到孔11中。细长的突起43也称为塔形元件或“传感器穹顶”。在空心突起43的内部布置有承载体34,其上安装有一个或多个传感器元件31。承载体34上的传感器元件31对磁场敏感。承载体34可以是印刷电路板(PCB)、引线框架、冲裁网格等。
电路板35布置在壳体盖41的空腔42中,传感器电子器件32布置在该电路板上。承载体34也与电路板35连接,并且因此实现传感器元件31与传感器电子器件32的电连接。传感器电子器件32被设计为驱控传感器元件31并处理由传感器元件31提供的信号,以便产生指示机轴10的角位置或旋转运动的一个或多个测量信号。合适的传感器元件、例如霍尔传感器或磁阻传感器以及合适的传感器电子装置本身是已知的,因此在此不再赘述。传感器电子器件32可以具有带有插接触点的插座,以便能够通过连接器40将电缆41与传感器电子器件32连接。电缆41(也参见图2)将传感器电子装置32与用于电动机的驱控单元50连接。
细长突起43(传感器穹顶)可以是壳体盖41的集成组成部分。在一个示例中,细长突起例如与壳体盖41的主要部分(腔43位于其中)固定地连接,例如通过粘合剂或螺钉连接。此外,细长突起43和壳体盖41可以由一个部件制成(例如作为由塑料制成的注塑件)。
图4示出了另一实施例,该实施例使得可以省略电缆41以及在传感器电子装置32与用于电动机M的驱控单元50之间的所属插接连接。在该示例中,用于驱控电动机的电子器件(参见图2,驱控单元50)例如变流器(三相逆变器)等与传感器电子器件32(参见图3)一起被集成在壳体部分41中,该壳体部分41同时用作壳体盖。
图5的示例示出了图4的示例的变体,其中,壳体部分41是具有中心开口的普通壳体盖。替代地,壳体部分41也可以是壳体部分40(电机壳体)的一部分。带有用于电动机的驱控电子器件51和传感器电子器件的驱控单元50是具有单独壳体的模块,该壳体(如在壳体盖的前述示例中)具有空心的突起43,该突起也被称为传感器穹顶。突起43是塔形元件,其中传感器元件31布置在承载体上(类似于图3中)。在该示例中,也将用于电动机的驱控电子器件51和传感器电子器件连同传感器元件31布置在同一模块中,并且在传感器电子器件和驱控电子器件51之间不需要带有插接连接器的电缆。传感器元件31在驱控单元50的内部(电)与驱控电子器件51耦联。传感器元件可以例如布置在承载体(例如,承载体板)上,如在图3的示例中所示。
与前述示例不同,根据图5使用空心轴10'代替具有孔的机轴。不言而喻,在这里描述的所有其他实施例中,可以使用空心轴代替具有轴向孔的实心机轴。

Claims (12)

1.一种装置,所述装置具有:
第一壳体部分(40),
机轴(10),所述机轴布置在所述第一壳体部分(40)中并且能够绕旋转轴线旋转,所述机轴具有孔(11),所述孔从所述机轴(10)的端面沿所述旋转轴线延伸;
磁体单元(20),所述磁体单元具有至少一个永磁体,所述至少一个永磁体布置在所述孔(11)内并固定至所述机轴(10);
第二壳体部分(41),所述第二壳体部分带有突起,所述突起沿所述旋转轴线延伸到所述孔(11)中;和
磁场传感器元件(31),所述磁场传感器元件布置在所述第二壳体部分(41)的所述突起的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述突起是所述第二壳体部分(41)的集成组成部分。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置,其中所述第二壳体部分(41)形成用于所述第一壳体部分(40)的壳体盖。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置,其中在所述第二壳体部分(41)的所述突起的内部布置有承载体,在所述承载体上安装有所述磁场传感器元件(31)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其中在所述第二壳体部分(41)的内部布置有带有传感器电子器件的承载体电路板。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置,其中所述机轴(10)是电动机的电机轴。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中在所述第二壳体部分(41)的内部布置有用于驱控所述电动机的驱控单元(50)。
8.一种装置,所述装置具有:
电动机,所述电动机布置在第一壳体部分(40)中并带有能够绕旋转轴线旋转的电机轴(10),所述电机轴具有孔(11),所述孔从机轴(10)的端面沿所述旋转轴线延伸;
磁体单元(20),所述磁体单元带有至少一个永磁体,所述至少一个永磁体布置在所述孔(11)内并固定至所述机轴(10);
驱控单元(50),所述驱控单元布置在壳体中,所述壳体具有突起(43),所述突起沿所述旋转轴线延伸到所述孔(11)中;
其中在所述驱控单元(50)中布置有用于驱控所述电动机的电子电路(51),并且
其中在所述突起的内部布置有磁场传感器元件(31),所述磁场传感器元件与用于驱控所述电动机的所述电子电路(51)耦联。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置,其中所述驱控单元(50)封闭所述第一壳体部分(40)并因此用作壳体盖。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,所述装置还包括:
第二壳体部分(41),所述第二壳体部分用作用于所述第一壳体部分(40)的壳体盖并具有中央开口,所述驱控单元(50)的所述突起(43)穿过所述中央开口。
11.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其中所述第二壳体部分(41)是所述第一壳体部分(40)的组成部分。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的装置,其中所述孔(11)是通孔,因此所述机轴(10)是空心轴。
CN202010742545.5A 2019-08-16 2020-07-29 用于测量机轴的角位置的装置 Pending CN112398286A (zh)

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