CN112397813B - 用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统 - Google Patents

用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统 Download PDF

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CN112397813B
CN112397813B CN202010753247.6A CN202010753247A CN112397813B CN 112397813 B CN112397813 B CN 112397813B CN 202010753247 A CN202010753247 A CN 202010753247A CN 112397813 B CN112397813 B CN 112397813B
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埃莱娜·利加布埃
恩里科·文图里
卢卡·波焦
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统(1)，该电力储存系统(1)包括：至少一个电池组(2)，其具有彼此电连接的多个电化学电池(5)；壳体(3)，其在内部具有容纳电池组(2)的腔室(4)；至少一个第一连接器(11)，其安装在壳体(3)上；以及包覆罩(7)，其被设计为使壳体(3)隔热并防火。包覆罩(7)由防火织物制成，其也是隔热的并且与壳体(3)的外表面(8)直接接触。

Description

用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请要求于2019年7月31日提交的意大利专利申请第102019000013545号的优先权，其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统。
背景技术
具体来说，已知一种电驱动车辆的电力储存系统，其包括：至少一个电池组，其具有彼此串联和/或并联地电连接的多个电化学电池；内部壳体，其限定容纳电池组的腔室；以及电连接器，其从内部壳体突出，以将电池组连接至电驱动系统的驱动系统。
已知的电力储存系统还包括包覆壳体，其设置在内部壳体的外部并被设计为使内部壳体(因此使电池组)足够防火并使内部壳体(因此使电池组)隔热。
具体来说，已知的电力储存系统的包覆壳体由金属材料(通常为钢或铝合金)制成，并且被布置成与内部壳体相距指定距离，从而在内部壳体和包覆壳体之间限定气隙，该气隙适于确保内部壳体(因此确保电池组)正确地隔热，从而避免来自外部的热量过度加热电池组因而造成一个或多个电化学电池损坏或者在最坏的情况下造成爆炸的风险。
为了使电力储存系统通过其型式认证所必需的强制的且日益严格的耐火性试验(即，使得包覆壳体能够提供耐火性和隔热性的正确价值)，包覆壳体和气隙的厚度必须使得即使在电力储存系统在明火下经受约1200℃的温度的情况下内部壳体内的电池组也不会超过120℃。只能通过具有很大厚度的包覆壳体和气隙来确保这些性能。
然而，增加包覆壳体和气隙的厚度会造成电力储存系统的整体尺寸以及其重量增加。在越来越需要减小重量和尺寸的汽车应用中、特别是当电力储存系统必须安装在要求高性能且提供较小内部空间的运动型车辆中时，这可能产生问题。
专利申请GB2213981A描述了一种用于车辆电池的隔热包覆罩，其保护电池免受冬季低温影响；该包覆罩是柔性的并且可以进行折叠呈现出平坦构造，因此在其不使用时易于存放。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统，所述电力储存系统能够克服上述缺点并且制造容易且经济。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统，该电力储存系统包括：
至少一个电池组，其具有彼此电连接的多个电化学电池；
壳体，其在内部具有容纳电池组的腔室；
至少一个第一连接器，其安装在壳体上并被设计为与引出线状连接元件的第二连接器接合；以及
包覆罩，其与壳体的外表面直接接触、由柔性织物制成并且被设计为使壳体隔热且防火，因为其比构成壳体的材料防火性更高并且具有与构成壳体的材料相比更小的导热率，其中包覆罩具有第一通孔，其与第一连接器对准并且面积大于或等于第一连接器的面积，以允许穿过包覆罩使用第一连接器，
该电力储存系统的特征在于：
包覆罩包括盖板，其以可动的方式固定至包覆罩的其余部分上、布置在第一通孔的区域中以覆盖第一通孔并且在内部具有第二通孔，该第二通孔的面积小于第一通孔并被设计为使第二连接器的线状连接元件无间隙地从其中穿过；
盖板能在抬起位置和保护位置之间相对于包覆罩移动，在抬起位置盖板与包覆罩的其余部分间隔开从而不遮挡第一通孔，在保护位置盖板抵靠在包覆罩的其余部分上从而部分地封闭第一通孔；并且
盖板具有至少一个贯穿的切口，其从第二通孔引出并到达盖板的外部自由边缘，以呈现出打开构造和关闭构造，在打开构造中切口的两个瓣片彼此间隔开并且盖板被设计为使线状连接元件从其中穿过以将线状连接元件置于第二通孔内，在关闭构造中切口的瓣片彼此部分地重叠以使切口闭合并限定第二通孔，从而确保线状连接元件无间隙地贴合于第二通孔的边缘。
附加权利要求描述了本发明的优选实施方式并且形成说明书的整体部分。
附图说明
现在将参照附图描述本发明，附图示出了本发明的非限制性实施方式，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的用于电驱动车辆的驱动系统的电力储存系统的示意性立体图；
图2示出了图1的电力储存系统的示意性立体图，其中包覆罩被移除；
图3示出了图1的电力储存系统的剖视图；
图4是图1的电力储存系统的包覆罩的放大比例的示意性剖视图；并且
图5和图6以放大的比例示出了图1的细节，其中盖板分别设置在保护位置和抬起位置。
具体实施方式
在附图中，附图标记1总体上表示适于安装在电驱动车辆(未在此示出)上的电力储存系统。
特别地，电力储存系统1适于连接至电驱动车辆的驱动系统(未在此示出)，并且被设计为储存由电机(未在此示出)产生的电力。电力储存系统1与电机通过插入其间的电力转换器(通常被称为逆变器)而连接，该电力转换器基于电机和电力储存系统1的不同需求来将电力储存系统1输出的直流电转换成用于电机的交流电，反之亦然。
附图中所示的电力储存系统1包括电池组2以及在内部限定容纳电池组2的腔室4的壳体3(通常由电绝缘的塑料制成)。
具体来说，电池组2包括多个电化学电池5，它们彼此串联和/或并联地电连接并被设计为将储存的化学能转换成电能，反之亦然。电化学电池5优选是锂离子电池。
根据图3中所示的优选但非限制性的实施方式，每个电化学电池5基本上具有平行六面体的形状，并且在一个端部具有正极，在相对的端部具有负极。
有利地但非排他性地，电化学电池5被划分成电池模块6，每个电池模块容纳指定数量的电化学电池5；电池模块6彼此串联或并联地电连接。例如，在图3所示的非限制性例子中，设置有二十个电池模块6，它们彼此叠置以形成电池组2。
每个电池模块6显然可以包括任何数量的电化学电池5，并且电池组2显然可以包括任何数量的电池模块6。此外，可以理解的是，电化学电池5可以具有任何形状和/或尺寸；例如，根据没有在此示出的实施方式，电化学电池5可以具有圆柱形形状并且在壳体3内彼此相邻地布置。
附图中所示的储存系统1还包括包覆罩7，其被设计为使壳体3隔热且防火。包覆罩7由防火织物制成，其也是隔热的并且与壳体3的外表面8直接接触(即，没有间隙)。换言之，构成包覆罩7的织物比构成壳体3的材料(通常是塑料)防火性更高，因为构成包覆罩7的织物比构成壳体3的材料(通常是塑料)更耐燃烧；此外，构成包覆罩7的织物比构成壳体3的材料(通常是塑料)隔热性更高，因为构成包覆罩7的织物的导热率比构成壳体3的材料(通常是塑料)更小。特别地，构成包覆罩7的织物是柔性的，即，其即使在弯曲90°以上从而使其呈现不同的形状时也可以弹性变形(即，不进行塑性变形)。
具体来说，包覆罩7复制了壳体3的形状并且被成形为无间隙地贴合于壳体3。
根据图4所示的优选而非限制性的实施方式，构成包覆罩7的防火织物包括由非织造织物(优选用玻璃纤维增强)制成的两个外部防火层9以及内层10，内层10插在两个外部防火层9之间、由纤维织物(优选用玻璃纤维增强)制成并被设计为提供比两个外部防火层9更高的隔热性。
根据图1和图2所示的实施方式，壳体3设置有至少一个电源连接器11，其被设计为接收至少一个线状连接元件(即，未在此示出的电线)，该线状连接元件的末端为另外的连接器(未被示出)，其与连接器11接合并被设计为将储存系统1连接至车辆，即连接至车辆的驱动系统。
根据图6，包覆罩7在电源连接器11的区域中具有通孔12，其面积(延伸范围)大于或等于电源连接器11的面积(延伸范围)，从而允许另外的连接器与电源连接器11接合并允许另外的连接器和/或线状连接元件的一部分从包覆罩7伸出。
为了避免通孔12(在热学角度上)过度削弱包覆罩7从而损害其防火能力的风险，包覆罩7优选设置有盖板13，其布置在通孔12的区域中并被设计为至少部分地封闭通孔12，从而同时允许线状连接元件从包覆罩7伸出。
具体来说，盖板13以可动的方式固定至包覆罩7的其余部分，使得其可以从抬起位置(如图6所示)和保护位置(如图5所示)移动，在抬起位置盖板13与包覆罩7的其余部分间隔开从而不遮挡通孔12，在保护位置盖板13抵靠在包覆罩7的其余部分上以部分地封闭通孔12。
特别地，盖板13在内部还具有通孔14，其小于通孔12(即，具有小于通孔12的面积，可以全部包含在通孔12内)并被设计为至少在盖板13处于保护位置时使线状连接元件无间隙地从其中穿过。换言之，当盖板13处于保护位置时，其对使线状连接元件从其中伸出的通孔12的一部分进行封闭，使得线状连接元件穿过盖板13，从而进入到通孔14中，特别是占据整个通孔14(即，贴合通孔14的壁部)。
有利地，将通孔14的尺寸设置为可被线状连接元件无间隙地穿过允许尽可能减小在线状连接元件和通孔14之间留有允许热量和/或火焰进入的间隙的风险，从而确保包覆罩7具有更好的防火性能。
根据图5和图6所示的实施方式，盖板13具有至少一个贯穿切口15，其从通孔14引出并到达盖板13的外部自由边缘16。特别地，盖板13被构造为呈现打开构造和关闭构造(如图5所示)，在打开构造中切口15的两个瓣片17彼此间隔开并且盖板13被设计为使线状连接元件从其中穿过以将线状连接元件置于通孔14内，在关闭构造中切口15的瓣片17彼此部分地重叠以使切口15闭合并限定通孔14，从而确保线状连接元件无间隙地贴合于通孔14的边缘。
为了将盖板13固定在包覆罩7的其余部分上，在盖板13处于保护位置并呈现关闭构造(根据图5)后，提供了固定装置18。特别地，根据优选的实施方式，该固定装置包括至少一个金属按扣18(由其构成)，该金属按扣被设计为将至少一个瓣片17或两个瓣片17固定在包覆罩7的其余部分上。具体来说，按扣18可以设置在两个瓣片17彼此重叠的区域中，或者根据另一种替代方式(如图5和图6所示)，可以设置两个金属按扣18，每个瓣片17一侧具有一个。
在附图所示的实施方式中，除了电源连接器11之外，电力储存系统1还包括信号连接器，其与电源连接器11是分开且独立的。根据该实施方式，在每个电连接器(电源连接器11或信号连接器)的区域中，包覆罩7具有相关的通孔12和覆盖通孔12的相关的盖板13。
电力储存系统1还包括液压连接器19，其被设计为使冷却流体在壳体3内循环以冷却储存系统1。在液压连接器19的区域中，包覆罩7具有相关的通孔12，其不被盖板13覆盖(因为液压管、即线状连接元件具有与其自身的与液压连接器19接合的连接器一样的形状尺寸)，例如参见图1、图5和图6。
包覆罩7还至少包括多个稳定翼片20，其各自放置在包覆罩7的部分上并且通过金属按扣21固定在包覆罩7上(即，固定在包覆罩7的所述部分上)。
特别地，稳定翼片20布置在壳体3的拐角区域中或突出部分的区域中，例如布置在围绕壳体3的液压管上方。
显然，按扣21可以由具有相同功能的任何其他固定元件代替。
上述储存系统1具有许多优点。
首先，上述储存系统1与已知的包覆壳体相比具有较小的尺寸，因为其包括无间隙地贴合于壳体3的包覆罩7，因此没有插入其他间隙或层。
此外，由于包覆罩7由织物制成，因此包覆罩7的重量明显小于已知的具有显著厚度的金属层的包覆壳体的重量。
换言之，本文提出的方案在效果相同的情况下减小了电力储存系统1的重量和尺寸。
此外，通过简单地将包覆罩7的端部与另一个端部彼此叠置并将它们彼此固定(优选通过按扣21(参见图1))，可以容易地将上述储存系统1安装到壳体3上和/或从壳体3上移除。
最后，上述储存系统1制造简单且经济。
附图标记列表
1 电力储存系统
2 电池组
3 壳体
4 腔室
5 电化学电池
6 电池模块
7 包覆罩
8 外表面
9 外部防火层
10 内层
11 连接器
12 通孔
13 盖板
14 通孔
15 贯穿切口
16 外部自由边缘
17 瓣片
18 固定装置/金属按扣
19 液压连接器
20 稳定翼片
21 固定装置/金属按扣

Claims (11)

1.一种用于电驱动车辆的电力储存系统(1)，所述电力储存系统(1)包括：
至少一个电池组(2)，其具有彼此电连接的多个电化学电池(5)；
壳体(3)，其在内部具有容纳所述电池组(2)的腔室(4)；
至少一个第一连接器(11)，其安装在所述壳体(3)上并被设计为与引出线状连接元件的第二连接器相接合；以及
包覆罩(7)，其与所述壳体(3)的外表面(8)直接接触、由柔性织物制成并被设计为使所述壳体(3)隔热且防火，因为所述包覆罩比构成所述壳体(3)的材料防火性更高并且具有与构成所述壳体(3)的所述材料相比更小的导热率，其中所述包覆罩(7)具有第一通孔(12)，所述第一通孔(12)与所述第一连接器(11)对准并且面积大于或等于所述第一连接器(11)的面积，以允许穿过所述包覆罩(7)使用所述第一连接器(11)，
所述电力储存系统(1)的特征在于：
所述包覆罩(7)包括盖板(13)，所述盖板(13)以可动的方式固定至包覆罩(7)的其余部分上、布置在所述第一通孔(12)的区域中以覆盖所述第一通孔(12)并且在内部具有第二通孔(14)，所述第二通孔(14)的面积小于所述第一通孔(12)并被设计为使所述第二连接器的所述线状连接元件无间隙地从其中穿过；
所述盖板(13)能在抬起位置和保护位置之间相对于所述包覆罩(7)移动，在所述抬起位置所述盖板(13)与所述包覆罩(7)的其余部分间隔开从而不遮挡所述第一通孔(12)，在所述保护位置所述盖板(13)抵靠在所述包覆罩(7)的其余部分上从而部分地封闭所述第一通孔(12)；并且
所述盖板(13)具有至少一个贯穿的切口(15)，所述切口(15)从所述第二通孔(14)引出并到达所述盖板(13)的外部自由边缘(16)，以呈现出打开构造和关闭构造，在所述打开构造中所述切口(15)的两个瓣片(17)彼此间隔开并且所述盖板(13)被设计为使所述线状连接元件从其中穿过以将所述线状连接元件置于所述第二通孔(14)内，在所述关闭构造中所述切口(15)的所述瓣片(17)彼此部分地重叠以使所述切口(15)闭合并限定所述第二通孔(14)，从而确保所述线状连接元件无间隙地贴合于所述第二通孔(14)的边缘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述包覆罩(7)复制所述壳体(3)的形状并且被成形为无间隙地贴合于所述壳体(3)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述包覆罩(7)包括第一固定装置(18)，以用于将所述盖板(13)固定在所述包覆罩(7)的其余部分上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述第一固定装置(18)为金属按扣。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述第一固定装置(18)包括金属按扣。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述盖板(13)的每个所述瓣片(17)都设置有其自身的金属按扣，所述金属按扣被设计为将所述盖板(13)固定在所述包覆罩(7)的其余部分上。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电力储存系统(1)，其包括：用于电源的所述第一连接器(11)、用于电信号的所述第二连接器以及允许冷却流体在所述壳体(3)内循环的液压连接器(19)。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述包覆罩(7)包括：
多个稳定翼片(20)，其各自放置在所述包覆罩(7)的另外的部分上；以及
多个第二固定装置(21)，其用于将每个所述稳定翼片(20)固定在所述包覆罩(7)的对应部分上。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，所述第二固定装置(21)为金属按扣。
10.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中，防火的所述织物包括：
两个外部防火层(9)，其由非织造织物制成；以及
内层(10)，其插在所述两个外部防火层(9)之间，由纤维织物制成，并且被设计为提供比所述两个外部防火层(9)更高的隔热性。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电力储存系统(1)，其中所述两个外部防火层(9)用玻璃纤维增强，并且所述内层(10)用玻璃纤维增强。
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