CN112393256A - Hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and hazardous waste treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and hazardous waste treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112393256A CN112393256A CN202011269088.9A CN202011269088A CN112393256A CN 112393256 A CN112393256 A CN 112393256A CN 202011269088 A CN202011269088 A CN 202011269088A CN 112393256 A CN112393256 A CN 112393256A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
- F23G5/446—Waste feed arrangements for liquid waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/10—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
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Abstract
A hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and a hazardous waste treatment method thereof relate to a hazardous waste treatment device and a hazardous waste treatment method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problem that the incineration of dangerous waste in the existing incineration method can generate a large amount of acid gas, incompletely combusted organic components and slag. The hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device comprises a blower, a feeder, a waste liquid tank, a high-pressure oxygen meter, an ammonia water tank, a multiphase reactor, an ammonia water spray gun, a rapid cooler, a dust remover, an induced draft fan, a waste gas spray nozzle, a waste gas tank and a second flue; the process method comprises the following steps: the solid waste is placed on an air distribution plate of a combustion chamber, air is introduced into the combustion chamber by an air blower, waste liquid is introduced into the combustion chamber by a waste liquid tank, the waste liquid is combusted and decomposed, and the waste gas is burnt out; removing nitric oxide in the flue gas for the first time; the rapid cooling device carries out secondary denitration and absorbs the heat of the flue gas, then the dust remover filters the particulate matters in the flue gas, and the draught fan leads out the flue gas to enter an acid making process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hazardous waste treatment device and a hazardous waste treatment method thereof.
Background
With the development of industry, the discharge of dangerous waste in industrial production process is increasing. It is estimated that the worldwide annual production of hazardous waste is 3.3 million tons. The harm is as follows: 1 destroying the ecological environment. The dangerous waste which is randomly discharged and stored can pollute water and soil and reduce the environmental function level of the area under the long-term infiltration and diffusion action of rainwater and groundwater. 2 affect human health. Hazardous waste causes toxicity through ingestion, inhalation, skin absorption and eye contact, or causes dangerous events such as burning, explosion and the like; long-term hazards include long-term poisoning, carcinogenesis, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, etc. resulting from repeated exposure. 3 restrict sustainable development. The pollution of atmosphere, water source, soil and the like caused by the non-treatment or non-standard treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes can become a bottleneck for restricting economic activities.
The current engineering methods for treating hazardous waste mainly comprise: incineration, pyrolysis, safe landfill, curing treatment, physical, chemical and biochemical treatment and the like, and a perfect solid-liquid-gas cooperative treatment technology is not available.
For solid waste (slag), a common physical treatment process includes: compacting, crushing and sorting.
For liquid waste (waste liquor), a common physical treatment process includes: sedimentation, air flotation, centrifugation, filtration, distillation and the like, while processes such as air stripping, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and the like are less adopted.
The physical and chemical treatment process commonly used for waste residues comprises the following steps: heat treatment (incineration, pyrolysis), curing/stabilization.
The physical and chemical treatment process commonly used for the waste liquid comprises the following steps: coagulation, chemical precipitation, acid-base neutralization, oxidation-reduction, adsorption and desorption, ion exchange, incineration and the like, while the technologies of displacement, electrolysis, extraction, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, photolysis and the like are less adopted. Biological processes are only applicable to organic waste, among which those used for organic solid waste include: composting and anaerobic fermentation processes, including activated sludge processes, anaerobic digestion processes for organic waste streams.
The methods for disposing the hazardous waste mainly comprise geological disposal and marine disposal. Marine disposal includes deep sea abandonment and marine incineration. The geological disposal comprises several kinds of land cultivation, permanent storage or reserve land storage, land landfill, deep well perfusion, deep stratum disposal and the like, wherein the most applied is land landfill disposal technology. Ocean disposal is prohibited by international convention, but geological disposal causes damage to soil, and the gradual accumulation of the soil can expand the influence.
The land landfill method has the main advantages that: the method is a complete and final disposal method, and is most economical if suitable land is available; it is not limited by the kind of waste, and is suitable for treating a large amount of waste; the land after the landfill can be reused as a parking lot, a playground, a golf course and the like. The disadvantages are that: landfills must be kept away from residential areas; the recovered landfill will need to be continuously maintained due to settlement; hazardous waste buried in the ground may generate flammable, explosive or toxic gases by decomposition, require control and disposal, etc., and cannot effectively dispose of waste liquids and gases.
The incineration process is a comprehensive process of pyrolysis and deep oxidation. The combustible hazardous waste can be oxidized and decomposed by burning, so that the purposes of reducing volume, removing toxicity and recovering energy and byproducts are achieved. The incineration process of the hazardous waste is complicated. Because the physical and chemical properties of the hazardous waste are complex, the composition, the calorific value, the shape and the combustion state of the hazardous waste in the same batch can be greatly changed along with the time and the combustion area, and the composition of waste gas and the properties of waste residues generated after combustion can be changed. Therefore, the incineration facility of hazardous waste must be adaptable, flexible in operation and have the ability to automatically adjust the operating parameters to a certain extent. The disadvantages are as follows: firstly, the incineration of hazardous wastes can generate a large amount of acid gases, incompletely combusted organic components and slag, and if the hazardous wastes are directly discharged into the environment, secondary pollution is inevitably caused; secondly, the method has high investment and operation management cost, and in order to reduce secondary pollution, a pollution control facility and a complex test instrument are required to be arranged in the burning process, thereby further improving the treatment cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and a hazardous waste treatment method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the incineration of hazardous waste in the existing incineration method can generate a large amount of acid gas, incompletely combusted organic components and slag.
A hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device comprises a blower, a feeder, a waste liquid tank, a high-pressure oxygen meter, an ammonia water tank, a multiphase reactor, an ammonia water spray gun, a rapid cooler, a dust remover, an induced draft fan, a waste gas spray head, a waste gas tank and a second flue;
the multiphase reactor consists of an air chamber, a combustion chamber, a first flue and a second chamber; the combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber are connected through a first flue, and an air chamber is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber; an air distribution plate is arranged in the combustion chamber;
an ammonia water spray gun is arranged on the first flue and the second flue, and a water inlet of the ammonia water spray gun is communicated with a water outlet of the ammonia water tank;
a feeding inlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with a feeding outlet of the feeding machine, a waste liquid spraying inlet of the combustion chamber is communicated with a waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank, a combustion-supporting air inlet of a combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged on the combustion chamber between the feeding inlet and the waste liquid spraying inlet, the combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged around the combustion chamber, and an air outlet of the air blower is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the air chamber and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustion chamber;
a discharge port of the lower section of the second combustion chamber is communicated with a feed port of a rapid cooler through a second flue, a denitration catalyst is arranged in the rapid cooler, the discharge port of the rapid cooler is communicated with the feed port of a dust remover, and an air inlet of the dust remover is communicated with an air outlet of a draught fan;
waste gas inlets are arranged at the middle sections of the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber and are respectively communicated with a gas outlet of a waste gas tank through pipelines, and waste spray heads are arranged on the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber; and the upper section of the combustion chamber is provided with a high-pressure oxygen meter.
A method for treating hazardous waste by a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device is carried out according to the following steps:
the solid waste is placed on an air distribution plate of a combustion chamber, a blower introduces a part of air into the combustion chamber as fluidized air through an air chamber, the fluidized air forms bubbling combustion on the solid waste on the air distribution plate, the other part of air is introduced into the combustion chamber in a surrounding manner as combustion-supporting air through a combustion-supporting air inlet, a waste liquid tank introduces waste liquid into the combustion chamber, a waste gas nozzle is controlled to spray waste gas in a waste gas tank into the combustion chamber and a secondary combustion chamber, the combustion temperature is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃ through distributing the waste gas, the flow rate of the flue gas in a multiphase reactor is controlled to be lower than 5m/s, the residence time of the flue gas is larger than or equal to 4s, and organic components in the waste liquid are combusted and decomposed at the combustion temperature and the waste gas; controlling an ammonia water spray gun to uniformly spray ammonia water stored in an ammonia water tank into the first flue and the second flue so as to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas for the first time; and (2) enabling the flue gas subjected to primary removal to enter a rapid cooler through a second flue, carrying out secondary denitration on the flue gas subjected to primary removal by using a denitration catalyst arranged in the rapid cooler, absorbing the heat of the flue gas through a circulating water system of the rapid cooler until the temperature of the flue gas is 545-555 ℃, then controlling the temperature to be lowered from 545-555 ℃ to below 200 ℃ within 2s, filtering particulate matters in the flue gas with the temperature below 200 ℃ by using a dust remover, leading out the filtered flue gas by using an induced draft fan, and entering an acid making process, thus finishing the method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the multiphase reactor of the invention can simultaneously treat three types of dangerous wastes of solid, liquid and gas by adopting a high-temperature method, the solid waste, the waste liquid and the waste gas are fed at different positions in the flow direction of the flue gas, so that the wastes are sufficiently combusted and decomposed in the reactor (the surfaces of slag particles are clean and have no coking, the thermal ignition loss is less than 1 percent), the reduction, the harmlessness and the stabilization are realized to the maximum extent, and the secondary pollution is not caused any more. Can solve nitrogen oxide and dioxin that the waste combustion produced simultaneously, solve current incineration method and have had the incineration of hazardous waste and can produce a large amount of acid gas, solid-state sediment that solid waste produced can be used to brickmaking, pave and cement raw materials etc. most heat can carry out waste heat recovery in the flue gas, and output high-quality steam can supply the producer to use or be used for the electricity generation, in addition, the flue gas through denitration dust pelletizing system can introduce the system acid process. The whole process comprehensively utilizes the byproducts of the hazardous wastes, generates higher economic benefit while treating the wastes, and does not generate secondary pollution. The whole equipment investment cost is low, the occupied area is small, the automatic control is realized, and the operation is stable.
Aiming at the characteristics of low softening point, high burning point, no volatile component, difficult ignition and difficult burnout of high molecular organic matters of solid wastes, the invention adopts the air distribution plate bubbling bed for combustion, uses a heat insulation hearth for a combustion chamber, controls the combustion temperature to be 900-1100 ℃ by distributing waste gas and ensures the combustion temperature. The flow rate of the flue gas in the combustion chamber is low, the retention time of the flue gas is increased to be more than or equal to 4s, and the difficult-to-burn organic matters are fully burnt out. The waste liquid is sent into a hearth for combustion through an atomizing spray gun, and organic components in the waste liquid are fully combusted and decomposed at high temperature, so that harmless treatment is achieved. And the waste gas is sent into a hearth through a middle section waste gas port of the multiphase reactor to be combusted, pollutants in the waste gas are decomposed at high temperature, and harmless treatment is realized.
The dangerous waste fuel can generate dioxin during combustion, and the conventional content of the dioxin in the flue gas in the multiphase reactor is 2-4ng-TEQ/Nm3. Dioxin is a chloro-oxygenated tricyclic aromatic compound, can be completely decomposed at a temperature range of 850-1000 ℃, and can be fully synthesized again after staying for 4-5 seconds at a temperature range of 200-400 ℃. The method for treating the dioxin in the flue gas is to burn the hazardous waste fuel to release heat so as to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas in the hearth is 900-1100 ℃, so that the dioxin in the flue gas is completely decomposed and is merged into the rapid cooler along with the flue gas. The rapid cooler is used for reducing the temperature of the flue gas, and after the flue gas reaches a distance before the outlet of the rapid cooler, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 550 ℃, and at the moment, the temperature is reduced in the temperature sectionThe rapid cooling is adopted, so that the time for reducing the temperature of the flue gas from 550 ℃ to below 200 ℃ is shortened to below 2s, the retention time of the dioxin in a resynthesis temperature interval is greatly shortened, the great regeneration of the dioxin is inhibited, and finally the content of the dioxin is controlled to be 0.2ng-TEQ/Nm3The purpose of removing dioxin is achieved as follows.
Inert materials (namely furnace slag after combustion of the multiphase reactor) are arranged in the furnace, so that the safety and stability of the device are ensured, the long-period operation is realized, the inert materials are in the multiphase reactor and are used as heat accumulators, and the stable combustion is ensured.
The flue gas enters a rapid cooler from a flue at the lower section of the second combustion chamber to recover heat. The flue gas with the temperature reduced to 200 ℃ is sent into a dust remover for dust removal and then enters the next acid making process. The waste heat recovery system produces high quality steam.
The invention relates to a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and a process thereof, which mainly comprise a multiphase reactor, SNCR denitration, a rapid cooler, SCR denitration, a dust remover and a fanXThe amount is 80mg/Nm3. The temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the rapid cooler is 1050 ℃, the temperature of the outlet of the rapid cooler can be controlled within the range of about 200 ℃, and the pressure gauge pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the dust remover is-3500 Pa.
The invention provides a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and a hazardous waste treatment method thereof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hazardous waste multi-phase cooperative processing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the multiphase reactor of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: specifically described with reference to fig. 1 to 2, the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative processing device of the present embodiment includes an air blower 1, a feeder 2, a waste liquid tank 3, a high pressure oxygen meter 4, an ammonia water tank 5, a multiphase reactor 6, an ammonia water spray gun 7, a rapid cooler 8, a dust remover 9, an induced draft fan 10, a waste gas spray head 11, a waste gas tank 12, and a second flue 13;
the multiphase reactor 6 consists of an air chamber 6-1, a combustion chamber 6-2, a first flue 6-3 and a second combustion chamber 6-4; the combustion chamber 6-2 and the second combustion chamber 6-4 are connected through a first flue 6-3, and an air chamber 6-1 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber 6-2; an air distribution plate is arranged in the combustion chamber 6-2;
an ammonia water spray gun 7 is arranged on the first flue 6-3 and the second flue 13, and a water inlet of the ammonia water spray gun 7 is communicated with a water outlet of the ammonia water tank 5;
a feeding inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with a feeding outlet of the feeder 2, a waste liquid spraying inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with a waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank 3, a combustion-supporting air inlet of a combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged on the combustion chamber 6-2 between the feeding inlet and the waste liquid spraying inlet, the combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged around the combustion chamber 6-2, and an air outlet of the air blower 1 is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the air chamber 6-1 and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2;
a discharge port at the lower section of the second combustion chamber 6-4 is communicated with a feed port of the rapid cooler 8 through a second flue 13, a denitration catalyst is arranged in the rapid cooler 8, the discharge port of the rapid cooler 8 is communicated with a feed port of a dust remover 9, and an air inlet of the dust remover 9 is communicated with an air outlet of an induced draft fan 10;
waste gas inlets are arranged at the middle sections of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4 and are respectively communicated with a gas outlet of a waste gas tank 12 through pipelines, and waste spray heads 11 are arranged on the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4; the upper section of the combustion chamber 6-2 is provided with a high-pressure oxygen meter 4.
The principle is as follows: the air blower 1 is divided into two paths to introduce air into a combustion chamber 6-2 of the multiphase reactor 6, one path of air passing chamber 6-1 is used as fluidizing air to blow solid waste on an air distribution plate to form bubbling combustion, and the other path of air is used as combustion-supporting air to be circularly introduced into the combustion chamber 6-2 between the feeding machine 2 and a waste liquid injection port. The waste liquid tank 3 and the waste gas tank 12 are connected at reasonable positions of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the second combustion chamber 6-4 by stainless steel pipelines, and organic components in the waste liquid are fully combusted and decomposed at high temperature to realize harmless treatment. The walls of the furnace are provided with exhaust gas nozzles 11 which allow the exhaust gas to be injected into the multiphase reactor 6 at a certain velocity and to be fully combusted. The multiphase reactor 6 uses an adiabatic hearth to control the combustion temperature to be 900-1100 ℃ by distributing waste gas, thereby ensuring the combustion temperature. The multiphase reactor 6 is provided with a gas disturbing device, the flow speed of the flue gas in the combustion chamber is low, the retention time of the flue gas is increased to be more than or equal to 4s, and the difficult-to-burn organic matters are fully burnt out. A high pressure oxygen meter 4 is arranged at the upper section of the combustion chamber 6-2, and the oxygen pressure in the multiphase reactor 6 is detected. The flue gas enters the rapid cooler 8 through a second flue 13 at the bottom of a second combustion chamber 6-4 of the multiphase reactor 6, and ammonia water spray guns 7 are distributed at the second flue 13 and a first flue 6-3 of the multiphase reactor 6, so that the ammonia water stored in the ammonia water tank 5 can be uniformly sprayed into the furnace to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. Be equipped with the denitration catalyst in rapid cooling ware 8, carry out the secondary denitration to the flue gas, nitrogen oxide content in the greatly reduced flue gas. The rapid cooling device 8 can fully absorb heat from the flue gas through a circulating water system, so that the heat is converted into high-quality steam for external use. The rapid cooler 8 is connected with the dust remover 9, the dust remover 9 filters particulate matters in the flue gas, and the induced draft fan 10 leads out the flue gas in the whole system to enter an acid making process.
The beneficial effects of the embodiment are as follows:
the multiphase reactor of the embodiment can simultaneously treat three types of dangerous wastes of solid, liquid and gas by adopting a high-temperature method, the solid wastes, the waste liquid and the waste gas are fed at different positions in the flow direction of flue gas, so that the wastes are sufficiently combusted and decomposed in the reactor (the surfaces of slag particles are clean and have no coking, the thermal ignition loss is less than 1 percent), the reduction, the harmlessness and the stabilization are realized to the maximum degree, and the secondary pollution is not caused any more. Can solve nitrogen oxide and dioxin that the waste combustion produced simultaneously, solve current incineration method and have had the incineration of hazardous waste and can produce a large amount of acid gas, solid-state sediment that solid waste produced can be used to brickmaking, pave and cement raw materials etc. most heat can carry out waste heat recovery in the flue gas, and output high-quality steam can supply the producer to use or be used for the electricity generation, in addition, the flue gas through denitration dust pelletizing system can introduce the system acid process. The whole process comprehensively utilizes the byproducts of the hazardous wastes, generates higher economic benefit while treating the wastes, and does not generate secondary pollution. The whole equipment investment cost is low, the occupied area is small, the automatic control is realized, and the operation is stable.
Aiming at the characteristics of low softening point, high burning point, no volatile component, difficult ignition and difficult burnout of high molecular organic matters of solid wastes, the embodiment adopts the air distribution plate bubbling bed for combustion, and the heat-insulating hearth for the combustion chamber controls the combustion temperature to be 900-1100 ℃ by distributing waste gas, thereby ensuring the combustion temperature. The flow rate of the flue gas in the combustion chamber is low, the retention time of the flue gas is increased to be more than or equal to 4s, and the difficult-to-burn organic matters are fully burnt out. The waste liquid is sent into a hearth for combustion through an atomizing spray gun, and organic components in the waste liquid are fully combusted and decomposed at high temperature, so that harmless treatment is achieved. And the waste gas is sent into a hearth through a middle section waste gas port of the multiphase reactor to be combusted, pollutants in the waste gas are decomposed at high temperature, and harmless treatment is realized.
The dangerous waste fuel can generate dioxin during combustion, and the conventional content of the dioxin in the flue gas in the multiphase reactor is 2-4ng-TEQ/Nm3. Dioxin is a chloro-oxygenated tricyclic aromatic compound, can be completely decomposed at a temperature range of 850-1000 ℃, and can be fully synthesized again after staying for 4-5 seconds at a temperature range of 200-400 ℃. The method for treating the dioxin in the flue gas is to burn the hazardous waste fuel to release heat so as to ensure that the temperature of the flue gas in the hearth is 900-1100 ℃, so that the dioxin in the flue gas is completely decomposed and is merged into the rapid cooler along with the flue gas. The rapid cooler is used for reducing the temperature of the flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to about 550 ℃ after the flue gas reaches a distance before the outlet of the rapid cooler, at the moment, rapid cooling is adopted in the temperature section, the time for reducing the temperature of the flue gas from 550 ℃ to below 200 ℃ is shortened to below 2s, the retention time of dioxin in a resynthesis temperature interval is greatly shortened, the great regeneration of the dioxin is inhibited, and finally the content of the dioxin is controlled to be 0.2ng-TEQ/Nm3The purpose of removing dioxin is achieved as follows.
Inert materials (namely furnace slag after combustion of the multiphase reactor) are arranged in the furnace, so that the safety and stability of the device are ensured, the long-period operation is realized, the inert materials are in the multiphase reactor and are used as heat accumulators, and the stable combustion is ensured.
The flue gas enters a rapid cooler from a flue at the lower section of the second combustion chamber 6-4 to recover heat. The flue gas with the temperature reduced to 200 ℃ is sent into a dust remover for dust removal and then enters the next acid making process. The waste heat recovery system produces high quality steam.
The hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device and the process thereof mainly comprise a multiphase reactor, SNCR denitration, a rapid cooler, SCR denitration, a dust remover and a fan, the SNCR + SCR coupling two-stage denitration is adopted in the embodiment, the total denitration efficiency is 99%, and the denitrated NO isXThe amount is 80mg/Nm3. The temperature measurement of the flue gas at the inlet of the rapid cooler 8 is 1050 ℃, the temperature at the outlet can be controlled within the range of about 200 ℃, and the pressure gauge pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the dust remover 9 is-3500 Pa.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4 are respectively communicated with a waste gas tank 12 through stainless steel pipelines; the waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with the waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank 3 through a stainless steel pipeline. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the multiphase reactor 6 adopts an adiabatic hearth; the dust remover 9 is a cloth bag dust remover. The other is the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: an airflow disturbance device is arranged in the multiphase reactor 6; an atomization spray gun is arranged on a waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber 6-2. The others are the same as the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the denitration catalyst is a vanadium-titanium based catalyst. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: and the waste gas nozzle 11 is provided with an anti-fire device. The rest is the same as the first to fourth embodiments.
The anti-misfire device (with the 'natural gas ring' removed) is arranged on the waste gas nozzle and is used for preventing the flame of the waste gas nozzle from being extinguished after being separated from the nozzle, so that the device is ensured to run safely and stably with a long period.
The seventh embodiment: the embodiment provides a method for treating hazardous waste by a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device, which is carried out according to the following steps:
the solid waste is placed on an air distribution plate of a combustion chamber 6-2, a blower 1 takes a part of air as fluidized air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 6-2 through an air chamber 6-1, the fluidized air forms bubbling combustion on the solid waste on the air distribution plate, and takes the other part of air as combustion-supporting air to be annularly introduced into the combustion chamber 6-2 through a combustion-supporting air inlet, a waste liquid can 3 introduces the waste liquid into the combustion chamber 6-2, a waste gas nozzle 11 is controlled to enable waste gas in a waste gas can 12 to be sprayed into the combustion chamber 6-2 and a secondary combustion chamber 6-4, the combustion temperature is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃ through distributing the waste gas, the flow rate of the flue gas in a multiphase reactor 6 is controlled to be lower than 5m/s, the retention time of the flue gas is greater than or equal to 4s, so that organic components in the waste liquid are combusted and decomposed at the combustion; controlling an ammonia water spray gun 7 to uniformly spray ammonia water stored in an ammonia water tank 5 into a first flue 6-3 and a second flue 13 to remove nitrogen oxides in flue gas for one time; the flue gas after primary removal enters a rapid cooler 8 through a second flue 13, a denitration catalyst arranged in the rapid cooler 8 carries out secondary denitration on the flue gas after primary removal, the heat of the flue gas is absorbed by a circulating water system of the rapid cooler 8 until the temperature of the flue gas is 545-555 ℃, then the temperature is controlled within 2s to be lowered from 545-555 ℃ to below 200 ℃, then a dust remover 9 filters particulate matters in the flue gas with the temperature below 200 ℃, an induced draft fan 10 leads out the filtered flue gas to enter an acid making process, and the method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device is completed.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the seventh embodiment is different from the seventh embodiment in that: the denitration catalyst is a vanadium-titanium based catalyst. The rest is the same as the seventh embodiment.
The specific implementation method nine: this embodiment differs from the seventh or eighth embodiment in that: the mass percentage of the ammonia water is 18-20%. The others are the same as the seventh or eighth embodiments.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the seventh to ninth embodiments in that: said wasteThe liquid is waste liquid of sulfur-containing resin, organic resin and tar; the waste gas contains H2S and toluene off-gas; the solid waste is a rubber byproduct. The others are the same as those of the seventh to ninth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device comprises an air blower 1, a feeder 2, a waste liquid tank 3, a high-pressure oxygen meter 4, an ammonia water tank 5, a multiphase reactor 6, an ammonia water spray gun 7, a rapid cooler 8, a dust remover 9, a draught fan 10, a waste gas spray head 11, a waste gas tank 12 and a second flue 13;
the multiphase reactor 6 consists of an air chamber 6-1, a combustion chamber 6-2, a first flue 6-3 and a second combustion chamber 6-4; the combustion chamber 6-2 and the second combustion chamber 6-4 are connected through a first flue 6-3, and an air chamber 6-1 is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber 6-2; an air distribution plate is arranged in the combustion chamber 6-2;
an ammonia water spray gun 7 is arranged on the first flue 6-3 and the second flue 13, and a water inlet of the ammonia water spray gun 7 is communicated with a water outlet of the ammonia water tank 5;
a feeding inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with a feeding outlet of the feeder 2, a waste liquid spraying inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with a waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank 3, a combustion-supporting air inlet of a combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged on the combustion chamber 6-2 between the feeding inlet and the waste liquid spraying inlet, the combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged around the combustion chamber 6-2, and an air outlet of the air blower 1 is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the air chamber 6-1 and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustion chamber 6-2;
a discharge port at the lower section of the second combustion chamber 6-4 is communicated with a feed port of the rapid cooler 8 through a second flue 13, a denitration catalyst is arranged in the rapid cooler 8, the discharge port of the rapid cooler 8 is communicated with a feed port of a dust remover 9, and an air inlet of the dust remover 9 is communicated with an air outlet of an induced draft fan 10;
waste gas inlets are arranged at the middle sections of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4 and are respectively communicated with a gas outlet of a waste gas tank 12 through pipelines, and waste spray heads 11 are arranged on the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4; the upper section of the combustion chamber 6-2 is provided with a high-pressure oxygen meter 4;
the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber 6-2 and the secondary combustion chamber 6-4 are respectively communicated with a waste gas tank 12 through stainless steel pipelines; the waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber 6-2 is communicated with the waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank 3 through a stainless steel pipeline;
the multiphase reactor 6 adopts an adiabatic hearth; the dust remover 9 is a bag-type dust remover;
an airflow disturbance device is arranged in the multiphase reactor 6; an atomization spray gun is arranged at a waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber 6-2;
the denitration catalyst is a vanadium-titanium based catalyst;
the waste gas nozzle 11 is provided with an anti-fire device;
the method for treating the hazardous waste by the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device is carried out according to the following steps:
the solid waste is placed on an air distribution plate of a combustion chamber 6-2, a blower 1 takes a part of air as fluidized air to be introduced into the combustion chamber 6-2 through an air chamber 6-1, the fluidized air forms bubbling combustion on the solid waste on the air distribution plate, and takes the other part of air as combustion-supporting air to be annularly introduced into the combustion chamber 6-2 through a combustion-supporting air inlet, a waste liquid can 3 introduces the waste liquid into the combustion chamber 6-2, a waste gas nozzle 11 is controlled to enable waste gas in a waste gas can 12 to be sprayed into the combustion chamber 6-2 and a secondary combustion chamber 6-4, the combustion temperature is controlled to be 900-1100 ℃ through distributing the waste gas, the flow rate of the flue gas in the multiphase reactor 6 is controlled to be 3-4 m/s, the residence time of the flue gas is controlled to be 4-5 s, and organic components in the waste liquid are combusted and decomposed at the combustion temperature and are burnt out; controlling an ammonia water spray gun 7 to uniformly spray ammonia water stored in an ammonia water tank 5 into a first flue 6-3 and a second flue 13 to remove nitrogen oxides in flue gas for one time; the flue gas after primary removal enters a rapid cooler 8 through a second flue 13, a denitration catalyst arranged in the rapid cooler 8 carries out secondary denitration on the flue gas after primary removal, the heat of the flue gas is absorbed by a circulating water system of the rapid cooler 8 until the temperature of the flue gas is 550 ℃, then the temperature is controlled within 2s to be reduced from 550 ℃ to below 200 ℃, then a dust remover 9 filters particulate matters in the flue gas with the temperature below 200 ℃, and an induced draft fan 10 leads out the filtered flue gas to enter an acid making process, so that the method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multi-phase cooperative treatment device is completed.
The mass percentage of the ammonia water is 20%.
The waste liquid described in this embodiment is waste liquid of sulfur-containing resin, organic resin and tar; the waste gas contains H2S and toluene off-gas; the solid waste is a rubber byproduct.
The total denitration efficiency of this example was 99%, and the denitrated NOXThe amount is 80mg/Nm3. The temperature measurement of the flue gas at the inlet of the rapid cooler 8 is 1050 ℃, the temperature at the outlet can be controlled within the range of about 200 ℃, and the pressure gauge pressure of the flue gas at the outlet of the dust remover 9 is-3500 Pa.
In this example, the dioxin content was controlled to 0.2ng-TEQ/Nm3The purpose of removing dioxin is achieved as follows.
The surface of the slag particles is clean and free from coking, and the thermal ignition loss is less than 1%.
Claims (10)
1. A hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device is characterized by comprising an air blower (1), a feeder (2), a waste liquid tank (3), a high-pressure oxygen meter (4), an ammonia water tank (5), a multiphase reactor (6), an ammonia water spray gun (7), a rapid cooler (8), a dust remover (9), an induced draft fan (10), a waste gas spray head (11), a waste gas tank (12) and a second flue (13);
the multiphase reactor (6) consists of an air chamber (6-1), a combustion chamber (6-2), a first flue (6-3) and a second combustion chamber (6-4); the combustion chamber (6-2) and the second combustion chamber (6-4) are connected through a first flue (6-3), and an air chamber (6-1) is arranged at the bottom of the combustion chamber (6-2); an air distribution plate is arranged in the combustion chamber (6-2);
an ammonia water spray gun (7) is arranged on the first flue (6-3) and the second flue (13), and a water inlet of the ammonia water spray gun (7) is communicated with a water outlet of the ammonia water tank (5);
a feeding inlet of the combustion chamber (6-2) is communicated with a feeding outlet of the feeder (2), a waste liquid spraying inlet of the combustion chamber (6-2) is communicated with a waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank (3), a combustion-supporting air inlet of a combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged on the combustion chamber (6-2) between the feeding inlet and the waste liquid spraying inlet, the combustion-supporting air pipeline is arranged around the combustion chamber (6-2), and an air outlet of the air blower (1) is respectively communicated with an air inlet of the air chamber (6-1) and the combustion-supporting air inlet of the combustion chamber (6-2);
a discharge port at the lower section of the secondary combustion chamber (6-4) is communicated with a feed port of a rapid cooler (8) through a second flue (13), a denitration catalyst is arranged in the rapid cooler (8), the discharge port of the rapid cooler (8) is communicated with the feed port of a dust remover (9), and an air inlet of the dust remover (9) is communicated with an air outlet of a draught fan (10);
waste gas inlets are arranged in the middle sections of the combustion chamber (6-2) and the secondary combustion chamber (6-4) and are respectively communicated with a gas outlet of a waste gas tank (12) through pipelines, and waste spray heads (11) are arranged on the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber (6-2) and the secondary combustion chamber (6-4); the upper section of the combustion chamber (6-2) is provided with a high-pressure oxygen meter (4).
2. The multiphase cooperative processing device for hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the waste gas inlets of the combustion chamber (6-2) and the secondary combustion chamber (6-4) are respectively communicated with the waste gas tank (12) through stainless steel pipelines; and a waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber (6-2) is communicated with a waste liquid spraying port of the waste liquid tank (3) through a stainless steel pipeline.
3. The multiphase cooperative processing device for hazardous waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the multiphase reactor (6) adopts an adiabatic furnace; the dust remover (9) is a bag-type dust remover.
4. The multiphase cooperative processing device for hazardous wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that a gas flow disturbing device is arranged in the multiphase reactor (6); an atomization spray gun is arranged on a waste liquid spraying port of the combustion chamber (6-2).
5. The multiphase cooperative treatment device for hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the denitration catalyst is a vanadium-titanium based catalyst.
6. The multiphase cooperative processing device for hazardous waste according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust nozzle (11) is provided with an anti-fire device.
7. The method for treating the hazardous waste by the multi-phase and cooperative hazardous waste treatment device according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the solid waste is placed on an air distribution plate of a combustion chamber (6-2), a blower (1) introduces a part of air into the combustion chamber (6-2) through an air chamber (6-1) as fluidizing air, the fluidizing air forms the solid waste on the air distribution plate into bubbling combustion, and the other part of air is circularly led into the combustion chamber (6-2) as combustion-supporting air through a combustion-supporting air inlet, the waste liquid is led into the combustion chamber (6-2) by the waste liquid tank (3), the waste gas in the waste gas tank (12) is sprayed into the combustion chamber (6-2) and the secondary combustion chamber (6-4) by controlling the waste gas spray head (11), controlling the combustion temperature to be 900-1100 ℃ by distributing waste gas, controlling the flow velocity of the flue gas in the multiphase reactor (6) to be lower than 5m/s, and controlling the retention time of the flue gas to be more than or equal to 4s, so that the organic components in the waste liquid are combusted and decomposed at the combustion temperature and the waste gas is burnt out; controlling an ammonia water spray gun (7) to uniformly spray ammonia water stored in an ammonia water tank (5) into the first flue (6-3) and the second flue (13) to remove nitrogen oxides in the flue gas for one time; the flue gas after primary removal enters a rapid cooler (8) through a second flue (13), a denitration catalyst arranged in the rapid cooler (8) carries out secondary denitration on the flue gas after primary removal, the heat of the flue gas is absorbed by a circulating water system of the rapid cooler (8) until the temperature of the flue gas is 545-555 ℃, then the temperature is controlled within 2s to be lowered from 545-555 ℃ to below 200 ℃, then a dust remover (9) filters particulate matters in the flue gas with the temperature below 200 ℃, and an induced draft fan (10) leads out the filtered flue gas to enter an acid making process, so that the method for treating hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device is completed.
8. The method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multiphase cooperative treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the denitration catalyst is a vanadium-titanium based catalyst.
9. The method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multi-phase cooperative treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the mass percent of the ammonia water is 18-20%.
10. The method for treating the hazardous waste by using the hazardous waste multi-phase cooperative treatment device according to claim 7, wherein the waste liquid is waste liquid containing sulfur resin, organic resin and tar; the waste gas contains H2S and toluene off-gas; the solid waste is a rubber byproduct.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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