CN111765479A - Process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas - Google Patents

Process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas Download PDF

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CN111765479A
CN111765479A CN202010654817.6A CN202010654817A CN111765479A CN 111765479 A CN111765479 A CN 111765479A CN 202010654817 A CN202010654817 A CN 202010654817A CN 111765479 A CN111765479 A CN 111765479A
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flue gas
temperature
dioxin
dust removal
deacidification
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杜宏德
田伟明
张志�
胡建军
王涛
李文娟
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Shaanxi Original Environmental Engineering Co ltd
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Shaanxi Original Environmental Engineering Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
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    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
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    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases
    • B01D2258/0291Flue gases from waste incineration plants
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

A process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas, 1) incineration raw materials are fully contacted and mixed with combustion air in a furnace, and combustion reaction is carried out at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas which is discharged from the top of the incinerator; 2) the polluting elements contained in the components in the combustion reaction are solidified through denitration and deacidification; 3) the high-temperature flue gas enters a dust removal system to be removed dust; 4) the heat energy in the purified flue gas is recovered by exchanging heat with a cold medium or driving a flue gas turbine to do work, the purified flue gas is cooled to be at a low temperature, and the flue gas is discharged from an energy recovery system; 5) a large amount of alkaline solution is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through a deacidification system and sprayed to rapidly quench the low-temperature flue gas; through source control, process control and terminal control, realize controlling the formation of dioxin, reach effective net, further simplify the incineration process route and improve energy recovery efficiency, reduce and burn the processing cost.

Description

Process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garbage disposal and combustion, and particularly relates to a process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas.
Background
R.j. Kociba et al published in 1978 and reported that carcinogenic concentrations of dioxins were found to be lower than those of sarin and cyanide after two years of rat carcinogenic testing, and Dioxins (DXN) became the "most potent toxic substance". After entering into the organism system, the medicine can be dissolved for a long time, thereby causing the deformity induction and reproductive toxicity of the organism, and generating the effects of the destruction of the immune system, even the chronic toxicity such as cancer and the like. In addition, dioxin is hardly decomposed and eliminated in a normal environment, and once generated, dioxin remains in our living environment for a long time. Therefore, the pollution of dioxin to the environment has become a major social problem which is not negligible in ecological environmental protection of all countries in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) 1998 reported that human tolerable intake (TDI) decreased from a maximum of 4 pg-TEQ/kg/day to no more than 1 pg-TEQ/kg/day.
Along with the improvement of the requirement of people on the environment, the production amount of municipal waste, municipal sludge, industrial oil sludge, coal slime and other biomass solid wastes in agricultural production, urban greening and the like is increased day by day, and at present, the wastes are treated by adopting modes such as landfill, composting and incineration and the like, but the practical problem of the existing large amount of solid wastes cannot be effectively solved by the landfill and composting solid waste treatment mode due to the problems of land resource shortage, incomplete solid waste treatment, heavy metal enrichment and the like. The process technology for reducing, harmlessly treating and recycling solid waste is increasingly important, solid waste incineration disposal modes are vigorously developed and applied according to the comprehensive development of environmental protection technology, the latest environmental dioxin monitoring technical specification is published in 2017, 12, month and 28, and the monitoring technical requirements of dioxin pollutants in water, gas, soil, sediments and solid waste are regulated in multiple aspects. However, the tail gas pollutants such as dioxin, heavy metals, NOx and the like in the incineration emissions become stumbling stones for the development and application of the incineration technology, so that the generation principle of the pollutants and the potential hazard to the control/treatment technology, complete equipment and the like are comprehensively known, the psychological barrier of people to talk about the combustion color change is thoroughly eliminated, the application of the solid waste incineration technology is particularly important, and the development of the practical and feasible solid waste incineration pollutant control technology is the key for promoting the healthy development of the solid waste environment-friendly industry.
At present, the treatment method of dioxin generated by solid waste incineration at home and abroad has the strictest standard of 0.1ng-TEQ/Nm for smoke emission3And the existing solid waste incineration process has the disadvantages of complex process, low flue gas energy recovery efficiency and unstable process control.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas, and the three most important key links for controlling the formation of the dioxin are to control a formation source, cut off a formation path and adopt an effective tail gas purification technology, namely source control, process control and tail end control, so that an incineration process route is further simplified, the energy recovery efficiency is improved, and the incineration disposal cost is reduced. The technology is suitable for incineration disposal processes of municipal waste, municipal sludge, industrial oil sludge and coal slime, other biomass solid wastes such as agricultural production, urban greening and the like, industrial solid wastes, liquid wastes and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas comprises an incinerator, a dust removal system, an energy recovery system, a deacidification quenching system and a flying alkaline solution storage system, and is characterized in that the process method for inhibiting the dioxin in the solid waste incineration flue gas comprises the following steps:
1) fully contacting and mixing the incineration raw materials with combustion air in a furnace, controlling the combustion temperature in the furnace to be more than or equal to 850 ℃, controlling the combustion residence time of combustion products to be more than or equal to 2s, carrying out combustion reaction at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas, and discharging the high-temperature flue gas from the top of the incinerator, wherein the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas is controlled to be more than or equal to 6%;
2) in the combustion reaction process of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator in the step 1), through denitration and deacidification, the pollutant elements such as pollutant element N, S, Cl contained in the components in the combustion reaction are partially reacted;
3) through the denitration and deacidification treatment in the step 2), high-temperature flue gas discharged from the incinerator enters a dust removal system to be removed dust, the high-temperature flue gas is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at the temperature of 550-1100 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the dust removal system after treatment, and meanwhile, solid particles (fly ash) removed from the purified flue gas are discharged to a fly ash collection system, so that the content of the particles in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system is reduced to the content of the particles in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system<2mg/m3
4) The purified flue gas discharged from the dust removal system in the step 3) enters an energy recovery system, heat energy in the purified flue gas is recovered by exchanging heat with a cold medium or driving a flue gas turbine to do work (produce pressurized air or electric energy), the purified flue gas is cooled to be at a low temperature, the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas is 350-550 ℃, and the flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system;
5) the low-temperature flue gas discharged from the energy recovery system enters a deacidification quenching system, a large amount of alkaline solution is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through the deacidification system to be sprayed and rapidly quenched to the low-temperature flue gas, the temperature is rapidly cooled to be less than 200 ℃, the time is controlled to be less than or equal to 1s, and the fly ash discharged from the dust removal system can be reasonably discharged and disposed correspondingly after sufficient accumulation.
Preferably, the incineration temperature used is >850 ℃ and the residence time in the furnace is >2 s.
Preferably, the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the incinerator is controlled to be 6-8%.
Preferably, the filter material of the dust removal system is a high-temperature resistant metal or ceramic fiber tube filter, the high-temperature dust removal working temperature is more than or equal to 550 ℃, and the dust removal precision is high<2mg/m3,>2 μm particulate removal rate>99.9%。
In the step 2), during the combustion reaction of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator, according to polluting elements such as N, S, Cl in the components, corresponding agents are respectively added through a denitration system and a deacidification system, and the corresponding agents are respectively added into the systems, namely, denitration agents such as ammonia water and urea for denitration, and desulfurizing agents such as limestone for desulfurization, so that part of reactions of the polluting elements such as N, S, Cl during the combustion process are realized.
And 3) in a dust removal system, the flue gas discharged from the incinerator in the step 3) is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at the temperature of more than or equal to 550 ℃, most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas can be removed, the benzene ring substances synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas are prevented, the content of residual carbon and catalyst under the conditions required by secondary synthesis of dioxin is reduced, and the probability of DXN synthesized by the catalysis of residual trace C elements and Cl elements in the flue gas is reduced.
In the step 4), the cold medium in the cold medium heat exchange adopts substances capable of performing heat exchange, such as process water for production, air and the like.
In the step 5), the low-temperature flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system and then enters a deacidification quenching system, and in the spraying and cooling process of the alkaline solution, the low-temperature flue gas enters a deacidification quenching system<Within 1s, down to<The residual chlorine-containing elements in the flue gas are quickly absorbed at the temperature of 200 ℃, the generation of dioxin is inhibited, the synthesized dioxin substances can be cooled, and the diffusion of the dioxin substances in the flue gas is further reduced, SO that the secondary synthesis time of the dioxin in a low-temperature section is shortened, and meanwhile, the acidic components in the flue gas such as SO are realizedx\HCl\NOxWhen the smoke is removed, most of salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the smoke can be removed, and the smoke is prevented from being pollutedThe benzene ring substances are synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas.
In the step 1), the incineration raw materials in the incinerator are fed into the incinerator in a uniform form, are rapidly and uniformly dispersed in the incinerator, are fully contacted and mixed with combustion air, and are combusted at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas;
the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator is connected with the inlet of the dust removal system, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the dust removal system is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator, the purified flue gas outlet of the dust removal system is connected with the purified flue gas inlet of the energy recovery system, and the bottom of the dust removal system is provided with a fly ash discharge port; the purified flue gas inlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the purified flue gas outlet of the dedusting system, and the low-temperature purified flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the low-temperature purified flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system; the low-temperature purification flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the low-temperature purification flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system, and the low-temperature deacidification flue gas outlet of the deacidification quenching system is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard; the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the outlet of the alkaline solution storage system, and the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the inlet of the alkaline solution storage system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is suitable for incineration disposal processes of municipal waste, municipal sludge, industrial oil sludge and coal slime, other biomass solid wastes such as agricultural production, urban greening and the like, industrial solid wastes, liquid wastes and the like. The technical method aims to provide a practical and feasible process for effectively controlling the emission of dioxin in flue gas by an incineration system, and the three most important key links of the formation of dioxin, namely source control, process control and tail end control, are effectively controlled, so that the incineration process route is further simplified, the energy recovery efficiency is improved, and the incineration disposal cost is reduced.
2. In this combustion process, the 3T condition (Time, Turbulence) of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator is ensured, and the amount of unburned raw materials in the high-Temperature flue gas is reduced to complete combustion. Combustion air is fed by an air supply system according to the amount corresponding to the air required by burning the raw materials, so that the combustion air amount is reasonable and economical, and the higher the temperature is, the better the temperature is, the dioxin substances can be decomposed more easily and thoroughly;
3. a spraying and cooling process of alkaline solution<Within 1s, down to<The residual chlorine-containing elements in the flue gas are quickly absorbed at the temperature of 200 ℃, the generation of dioxin is inhibited, the synthesized dioxin substances can be cooled, and the diffusion of the dioxin substances in the flue gas is further reduced, SO that the secondary synthesis time of the dioxin in a low-temperature section is shortened, and meanwhile, the acidic components in the flue gas such as SO are realizedx\HCl\NOxAnd removing most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas, and preventing the benzene ring substances from being synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas.
4. In the dust removal system, the flue gas is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at the temperature of more than or equal to 550 ℃, most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas can be removed, the benzene ring substances synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas are prevented, the content of residual carbon and catalyst under the conditions required by secondary synthesis of dioxin is reduced, and the probability of catalytic synthesis of DXN by residual trace C elements and Cl elements in the flue gas is reduced.
5. By the process method, the most important three key links of dioxin formation, namely source control, process control and tail end control, are effectively controlled, so that the incineration process route is further simplified, the energy recovery efficiency is improved, the incineration disposal cost is reduced, and the emission of dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas is effectively inhibited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a cold medium heat exchange process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the process for driving the flue gas turbine to do work according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
A process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas comprises an incinerator, a dust removal system, an energy recovery system, a deacidification quenching system and a flying alkaline solution storage system, and is characterized in that the process method for inhibiting the dioxin in the solid waste incineration flue gas comprises the following steps:
1) fully contacting and mixing the incineration raw materials with combustion air in a furnace, controlling the combustion temperature in the furnace to be more than or equal to 850 ℃, controlling the combustion residence time of combustion products to be more than or equal to 2s, carrying out combustion reaction at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas, and discharging the high-temperature flue gas from the top of the incinerator, wherein the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas is controlled to be more than or equal to 6%;
2) in the combustion reaction process of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator in the step 1), through denitration and deacidification, the pollutant elements such as pollutant element N, S, Cl contained in the components in the combustion reaction are partially reacted;
3) after denitration and deacidification treatment in the step 2), high-temperature flue gas discharged from the incinerator enters a dust removal system for dust removal, dust removal and purification treatment is carried out at the temperature of 550-1100 ℃, the treated high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the dust removal system, and simultaneously solid particulate matters (fly ash) removed from the purified flue gas are discharged to a fly ash collection system, so that the content of the particulate matters in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system is reduced to the level of the particulate matters in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system<2mg/m3
4) The purified flue gas discharged from the dust removal system in the step 3) enters an energy recovery system, heat energy in the purified flue gas is recovered by exchanging heat with a cold medium or driving a flue gas turbine to do work (produce pressurized air or electric energy), the purified flue gas is cooled to be at a low temperature, the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas is 350-550 ℃, and the flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system;
5) the low-temperature flue gas discharged from the energy recovery system enters a deacidification quenching system, a large amount of alkaline solution is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through the deacidification system to be sprayed and rapidly quenched to the low-temperature flue gas, the temperature is rapidly cooled to be less than 200 ℃, the time is controlled to be less than or equal to 1s, and the fly ash discharged from the dust removal system can be reasonably discharged and disposed correspondingly after sufficient accumulation.
Preferably, the incineration temperature used is >850 ℃ and the residence time in the furnace is >2 s.
Preferably, the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the incinerator is controlled to be 6-8%.
Preferably, the filter material of the dust removal system is a high-temperature resistant metal or ceramic fiber tube filter, and the high-temperature dust removal working temperature isNot less than 550 ℃ and dust removal precision<2mg/m3,>2 μm particulate removal rate>99.9%。
In the step 2), during the combustion reaction of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator, according to polluting elements such as N, S, Cl in the components, corresponding agents are respectively added through a denitration system and a deacidification system, and the corresponding agents are respectively added into the systems, namely, denitration agents such as ammonia water and urea for denitration, and desulfurizing agents such as limestone for desulfurization, so that the polluting elements such as solid N, S, Cl in the combustion process are realized.
And 3) in a dust removal system, the flue gas discharged from the incinerator in the step 3) is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at the temperature of more than or equal to 550 ℃, most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas can be removed, the benzene ring substances synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas are prevented, the content of residual carbon and catalyst under the conditions required by secondary synthesis of dioxin is reduced, and the probability of DXN synthesized by the catalysis of residual trace C elements and Cl elements in the flue gas is reduced.
In the step 4), the cold medium in the cold medium heat exchange adopts substances capable of performing heat exchange, such as process water for production, air and the like.
In the step 5), the low-temperature flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system and then enters a deacidification quenching system, and in the spraying and cooling process of the alkaline solution, the low-temperature flue gas enters a deacidification quenching system<Within 1s, down to<The residual chlorine-containing elements in the flue gas are quickly absorbed at the temperature of 200 ℃, the generation of dioxin is inhibited, the synthesized dioxin substances can be cooled, and the diffusion of the dioxin substances in the flue gas is further reduced, SO that the secondary synthesis time of the dioxin in a low-temperature section is shortened, and meanwhile, the acidic components in the flue gas such as SO are realizedx\HCl\NOxAnd removing most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas, and preventing the benzene ring substances from being synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas.
In the step 1), the incineration raw materials in the incinerator are fed into the incinerator in a uniform form, are rapidly and uniformly dispersed in the incinerator, are fully contacted and mixed with combustion air, and are combusted at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas;
the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator is connected with the inlet of the dust removal system, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the dust removal system is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator, the purified flue gas outlet of the dust removal system is connected with the purified flue gas inlet of the energy recovery system, and the bottom of the dust removal system is provided with a fly ash discharge port; the purified flue gas inlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the purified flue gas outlet of the dedusting system, and the low-temperature purified flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the low-temperature purified flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system; the low-temperature purification flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the low-temperature purification flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system, and the low-temperature deacidification flue gas outlet of the deacidification quenching system is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard; the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the outlet of the alkaline solution storage system, and the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the inlet of the alkaline solution storage system.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the heat exchange with the cold medium is as follows:
1) in a certain oily sludge incineration project, wet oil sludge uniformly enters a fluidized bed incinerator through a spraying device, is fully contacted and mixed with combustion air to generate combustion reaction at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas, and is discharged from a flue at the top of the incinerator. The combustion temperature in the furnace is controlled at 890 ℃, and the combustion residence time in the furnace of the comburent is more than or equal to 4 s. In the combustion process, the combustion process of the oily sludge in the incinerator meets the 3T condition (Time, Turbulence), the combustion efficiency reaches 99.99 percent, the oxygen content in high-Temperature flue gas is 6.5 percent, and the content of solid particles in the flue gas reaches 10g/m3
2) During the combustion reaction process of the oil-containing sludge in the incinerator, ammonia water for denitration is added for removing NOx according to polluting elements such as N, S, Cl and the like in the components of the oil-containing sludge, and limestone agent for desulfurization is added for removing SOxAnd (4) removing.
3) Removing solid particles (fly ash) of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the top of the fluidized bed incinerator at the temperature of 840 ℃, and discharging purified flue gas from a dust removal system; solid particles (fly ash) are discharged from the bottom of the dust removal system. Content of particulate matter in flue gas passing through dust removal system<0.8mg/m3
4) The purified flue gas discharged from the dust removal system enters a waste heat boiler (an energy recovery system) to recover heat energy in the flue gas, and the outlet temperature of the low-temperature purified flue gas is 350 ℃; the cold medium inlet of the waste heat boiler (energy recovery system) is 32 ℃ process water, and the outlet is 165 ℃ low-pressure steam. About 45% of heat energy in the purified flue gas is recovered through a waste heat boiler (an energy recovery system), and the heat energy utilization efficiency of the incineration system is improved.
5) The low-temperature purified flue gas discharged from a waste heat boiler (energy recovery system) enters a deacidification tower (deacidification quenching system), a large amount of caustic soda solution (alkaline solution) is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through the deacidification system, the low-temperature purified flue gas is rapidly quenched by spraying, and the quenching time is shortened<1s, effectively shortens the resynthesis time of the dioxin at low temperature, and simultaneously removes SO in the flue gasx\HCl\NOxWhen the concentration of acidic substances in the discharged flue gas is 6.5%, detecting the acidic substances to obtain pollutant components SO in the discharged flue gasx1ppm of HCl, 1ppm of NOxWas 10 ppm. The average concentration of the discharged flue gas dioxin toxic pollutants in sampling detection is 0.038 ng-TEQ/Nm3And can meet the European Union standard with the strictest requirement of flue gas emission on dioxin at present.
6) The fly ash discharged from the dust removal system is cooled to recover heat energy in the fly ash, and after sufficient quantity is accumulated, corresponding reasonable discharge and disposal are carried out.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the driving flue gas turbine is used to do work as follows:
1) in the running process of an urban sewage sludge incineration project of a certain large-scale sewage treatment plant, sludge is uniformly dispersed and enters a fluidized bed incinerator through a pumping pump, is dispersed and dried in the fluidized bed and is fully contacted with combustion air, a combustion reaction is carried out in the incinerator at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas, and the combustion flue gas is discharged from the top of the incinerator. The combustion temperature in the furnace is controlled at 875 ℃, and the combustion residence time in the furnace of the comburent is more than or equal to 4 s. The combustion process meets the 3T condition of sludge incineration standard, the combustion efficiency of the combustible component in the furnace reaches 99.8 percent, the oxygen content in high-Temperature flue gas is 7.5 percent, and the solid particle content in the flue gas reaches 17g/m3
2) In the combustion reaction process of municipal sewage sludge in a furnace, ammonia water for denitration is added for NO treatment according to polluting elements such as N, S, Cl in the componentsxRemoving, adding limestone agent for desulfurization to carry out SOxAnd (4) removing.
3) Removing solid particles (fly ash) of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the top of the fluidized bed incinerator at the temperature of 650 ℃, and discharging purified flue gas from a dust removal system; solid particles (fly ash) are discharged from the bottom of the dust removal system. Content of particulate matter in flue gas passing through dust removal system<0.8mg/m3
4) The purified flue gas discharged from the dust removal system enters a flue gas turbine to recover heat energy in the flue gas, and the outlet temperature of the low-temperature purified flue gas is 550 ℃; the flue gas turbine does work to drive the power generation device to generate power, the generated electric energy is 30000 ten thousand kilowatts per day, about 35% of heat energy in the purified flue gas is recycled, and the heat energy in the flue gas is converted into economic value which is efficiently utilized in the actual production process.
5) The low-temperature purified flue gas discharged from the flue gas turbine enters a deacidification tower (deacidification quenching system), a large amount of caustic soda solution (alkaline solution) is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through the deacidification system to spray and rapidly quench the low-temperature purified flue gas, and the quenching time is short<1s, effectively inhibiting the flue gas from re-synthesizing dioxin, removing the generated dioxin pollutants and simultaneously removing SO in the flue gasx\HCl\NOxAnd the like. Detecting when the concentration of oxygen in the discharged flue gas is 8 percent, and detecting each pollutant component SO in the discharged flue gasx5ppm, HCl 2.5ppm, NOxWas 15 ppm. The average concentration of the discharged flue gas dioxin toxic pollutants in sampling detection is 0.0086ng-TEQ/Nm3And can meet the European Union standard with the strictest requirement of flue gas emission on dioxin at present.
6) The fly ash discharged from the dust removal system is cooled to recover heat energy in the fly ash, and after sufficient quantity is accumulated, corresponding reasonable discharge and disposal are carried out.
In summary, as shown in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, by the process method of the present invention, effective control is performed from the most important three key links of dioxin formation, namely, source control, process control and end control, so as to further simplify an incineration process route, improve energy recovery efficiency, reduce incineration disposal cost, and effectively inhibit emission of dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas.

Claims (10)

1. A process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas comprises an incinerator, a dust removal system, an energy recovery system, a deacidification quenching system and a flying alkaline solution storage system, and is characterized in that the process method for inhibiting the dioxin in the solid waste incineration flue gas comprises the following steps:
1) fully contacting and mixing the incineration raw materials with combustion air in a furnace, controlling the combustion temperature in the furnace to be more than or equal to 850 ℃, controlling the combustion residence time of combustion products to be more than or equal to 2s, carrying out combustion reaction at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas, and discharging the high-temperature flue gas from the top of the incinerator, wherein the oxygen content in the high-temperature flue gas is controlled to be more than or equal to 6%;
2) in the combustion reaction process of the incineration raw materials in the incinerator in the step 1), through denitration and deacidification, polluting elements such as N, S, Cl contained in the components in the combustion reaction are partially reacted;
3) through the denitration and deacidification treatment in the step 2), high-temperature flue gas discharged from the incinerator enters a dust removal system to be removed dust, the high-temperature flue gas is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at the temperature of 550-1100 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the dust removal system after treatment, and meanwhile, solid particles (fly ash) removed from the purified flue gas are discharged to a fly ash collection system, so that the content of the particles in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system is reduced to the content of the particles in the flue gas passing through the dust removal system<2mg/m3
4) The purified flue gas discharged from the dust removal system in the step 3) enters an energy recovery system, heat energy in the purified flue gas is recovered by exchanging heat with a cold medium or driving a flue gas turbine to do work (produce pressurized air or electric energy), the purified flue gas is cooled to be at a low temperature, the temperature of the low-temperature flue gas is 350-550 ℃, and the flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system;
5) the low-temperature flue gas discharged from the energy recovery system enters a deacidification quenching system, a large amount of alkaline solution is provided by an alkaline solution storage system through the deacidification system to be sprayed and rapidly quenched to the low-temperature flue gas, the temperature is rapidly cooled to be less than 200 ℃, the time is controlled to be less than or equal to 1s, and the fly ash discharged from the dust removal system can be reasonably discharged and disposed correspondingly after sufficient accumulation.
2. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the incineration temperature is >850 ℃ and the retention time in the furnace is >2 s.
3. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content in high-temperature flue gas discharged from the incinerator is controlled to be 6-8%.
4. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that a filter material of the dust removal system is a high-temperature resistant metal or ceramic fiber tube filter, the high-temperature dust removal working temperature is not less than 550 ℃, and the dust removal precision is high<2mg/m3,>2 μm particulate removal rate>99.9%。
5. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the incineration raw materials are respectively added with corresponding agents through a denitration and deacidification system according to polluting elements such as N, S, Cl in the components in the combustion reaction process in the incinerator, and the corresponding agents are respectively added into the system, namely, ammonia water for denitration, a denitration agent such as urea and a desulfurizing agent such as limestone for desulfurization, so that part of the polluting elements such as N, S, Cl in the combustion process can be reacted.
6. The process method according to claim 1, wherein the flue gas discharged from the incinerator in step 3) is subjected to dust removal and purification treatment at 550-1100 ℃, so that most of salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas can be removed, benzene ring substances synthesized by the iso-catalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas are prevented, the content of residual carbon and catalyst under the conditions required for secondary synthesis of dioxin is reduced, and the probability of catalytic synthesis of DXN from residual trace C elements and Cl elements in the flue gas is reduced.
7. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the cold medium in the cold medium heat exchange is heat-exchangeable substances such as process water for production and air.
8. The process for effectively suppressing the dioxin in the incineration flue gas of solid wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the low temperature flue gas is discharged from the energy recovery system and then enters the deacidification quenching system, and the spraying and cooling process of the alkaline solution is carried out during the period of spraying and cooling the alkaline solution<Within 1s, down to<The residual chlorine-containing elements in the flue gas are quickly absorbed at the temperature of 200 ℃, the generation of dioxin is inhibited, the synthesized dioxin substances can be cooled, and the diffusion of the dioxin substances in the flue gas is further reduced, SO that the secondary synthesis time of the dioxin in a low-temperature section is shortened, and meanwhile, the acidic components in the flue gas such as SO are realizedx\HCl\NOxAnd removing most salts and catalytic heavy metal substances in the flue gas, and preventing the benzene ring substances from being synthesized by the heterocatalysis of organic compounds in the purified flue gas.
9. The process for effectively suppressing dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the incineration raw materials in the incinerator are fed into the incinerator in a uniform form, are rapidly and uniformly dispersed in the incinerator, and are sufficiently contacted and mixed with combustion air to perform combustion reaction at high temperature to generate high-temperature flue gas.
10. The process method for effectively inhibiting dioxin in solid waste incineration flue gas according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator is connected with the inlet of a dust removal system, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the dust removal system is connected with the high-temperature flue gas outlet of the incinerator, the purified flue gas outlet of the dust removal system is connected with the purified flue gas inlet of an energy recovery system, and a fly ash discharge port is reserved at the bottom of the purified flue gas outlet; the purified flue gas inlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the purified flue gas outlet of the dedusting system, and the low-temperature purified flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system is connected with the low-temperature purified flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system; the low-temperature purification flue gas inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the low-temperature purification flue gas outlet of the energy recovery system, and the low-temperature deacidification flue gas outlet of the deacidification quenching system is discharged into the atmosphere after reaching the standard; the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the outlet of the alkaline solution storage system, and the alkali liquor inlet of the deacidification quenching system is connected with the inlet of the alkaline solution storage system.
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