CN112392484B - Carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability increasing device of immobile pipe column and working method - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability increasing device of immobile pipe column and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112392484B CN112392484B CN202011281608.8A CN202011281608A CN112392484B CN 112392484 B CN112392484 B CN 112392484B CN 202011281608 A CN202011281608 A CN 202011281608A CN 112392484 B CN112392484 B CN 112392484B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
- E21C37/06—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole
- E21C37/14—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquids
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Abstract
The invention provides a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of a fixed pipe column and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of coal bed gas exploitation. In the construction process, the ammunition can be put into a well for many times in a pumping mode, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing stratum is completed, a pipe column does not need to be pulled down, and the device is time-saving, efficient, safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device with a fixed pipe column and a working method, and belongs to the technical field of coal bed gas exploitation.
Background
The reserves of coal bed gas resources in China are rich, but the development of coal bed gas mining business in China is restricted due to the characteristics of complex geological conditions of coal reservoirs, low permeability and the like. Compared with the conventional free natural gas, the coal bed gas is usually adsorbed on the wall surface of the micropore in an adsorption state, and has higher mining difficulty. In addition, the pore structure and the production mode of the coal bed are very complex, and the coal reservoir is extremely vulnerable in the mining process due to the special composition, wetting adsorption and a porous medium system, so that the permeability of the coal reservoir is changed, and the mining efficiency is influenced. In order to improve the extraction efficiency of the coal bed gas, at present, migration channels of the coal bed gas are increased and expanded mainly by methods such as hydraulic jet fracturing, hydraulic punching, combustion explosion fracturing and the like, coal bed fractures are increased, and the permeability of a coal reservoir and the extraction rate of the coal bed gas are improved to a certain extent, but the methods have certain defects: the hydraulic jet fracturing technology is not mature, so that the service life of a fracturing device is shortened in the construction process, the abrasion of a jet tool is serious, the material waste is serious and the like; the hydraulic punching process is complex, especially the permeability increasing effect of the down-hole to the coal seam is poor, and the pressure relief area is smaller; the problems of the blasting fracturing are still not solved, and the explosives are strictly controlled, and the procedures of approval, purchase and transportation are complex, so that serious inconvenience is brought to production. Therefore, a device for coal seam fracturing and permeability increasing, which is simple, easy to implement, low in cost, safe and efficient, needs to be developed, and based on the device, a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing and permeability increasing device with a fixed pipe column and a construction method are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a carbon dioxide phase change cracking permeability-increasing device without moving a tubular column and a working method of the device.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of a fixed tubular column comprises a pumping device, a wellhead device and a shaft bottom detonating device;
the pumping device comprises a pump truck, a first infusion pipeline and a safety valve;
the wellhead device comprises an oil pipe, a sleeve is arranged outside the oil pipe, an oil sleeve annulus is formed between the oil pipe and the sleeve, a blowout preventer is arranged at an oil pipe joint of the oil pipe, a first connecting port is arranged on the blowout preventer, and the first connecting port is connected to the pump truck through a first infusion pipeline; the oil sleeve annulus is connected with a second liquid conveying pipeline through a second connecting port, and the second liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the liquid storage tank;
the bottom hole igniter is arranged below the bottom of the oil pipe and comprises a firing pin for igniting the put ammunition; the oil sleeve annulus at the bottom end of the bottom-hole detonating device is sealed by a packer, and the sleeve section where the bottom-hole detonating device is located is provided with a through hole for transmitting impact force to a coal reservoir outside an oil pipe when detonating ammunition.
Preferably, the second connecting port is provided with a pressure gauge.
Preferably, the oil pipe interface is internally provided with threads, and the oil pipe interface is in meshed connection with the oil pipe threads.
Preferably, the bottom hole igniter is a cylinder without a top cover and with three-way hollowed-out sides and comprises a bottom end baffle, a firing pin and a connecting ring, the bottom end baffle is connected with the connecting ring through three support columns, and the firing pin is located in the center of the bottom end baffle.
Further preferably, the connecting ring is fixedly connected with the oil pipe.
Preferably, the second connecting pipeline is provided with an infusion valve.
Preferably, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of the stationary tubular column further comprises pressure detection equipment, wherein the pressure detection equipment comprises a pressure sensor, a display and a data line, and the pressure detection equipment is connected with the wellhead device through the data line.
Further preferably, the pressure sensor is arranged at the oil pipe interface and the second connecting port, and the pressure sensor is connected to the display through a data line.
A working method of a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability increasing device of a fixed pipe column comprises the following steps:
(1) Connecting a connecting ring of a bottom hole detonating device with an oil pipe, and lowering the bottom hole detonating device to a target layer;
(2) Putting high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition from a wellhead;
(3) Detecting the air tightness of the wellhead device, and judging whether each connecting port is tightly connected or not;
(4) Opening a safety valve, starting a pump truck, pumping liquid into the well, and pushing the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition to the bottom of the well by the pumped liquid;
(5) Starting pressure detection equipment, testing and recording the pressure in the well, and controlling the injection amount to enable the pressure to be between 40 and 50 MPa;
(6) Along with the underground propulsion of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition, liquid in the oil pipe is extruded by the ammunition to enter an oil sleeve annulus and finally returns to the liquid storage tank through the second connecting port and the second liquid conveying pipeline;
(7) After the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition reaches a bottom hole detonating device, closing the liquid conveying valve, continuously pumping liquid into the well, and observing the pressure change collected by the pressure detection equipment until the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition explodes;
(8) And (4) opening a liquid conveying valve, relieving the pressure in the well, putting ammunition again from the well mouth, and repeating the steps (2) to (7) to realize multiple carbon dioxide phase change fracturing stratums.
Preferably, the diameter of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition is equal to the inner diameter of the oil pipe, the center of the bottom of the ammunition comprises a groove, and an ignition switch is arranged in the groove.
It is further preferred that the ammunition casing has a rough surface with a roughness Ra of between 50 and 100 μm, and that the casing allows it to hover inside the tubing without freely sliding down to the bottom of the well without the application of external forces after being placed in the tubing from the wellhead.
More preferably, the ignition switch has an activation pressure of 20MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the chemical property of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition used by the device in coal seam mining construction after phase change is stable, gas explosion can not be caused, carbon dioxide gas after phase change is easier to diffuse into a coal reservoir under the action of formation pressure, the desorption and diffusion of gas are further promoted, toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide can not be generated after the phase change of the carbon dioxide, and the environment can not be polluted.
The carbon dioxide is transformed into a gas state from a liquid phase, the process of volume rapid expansion is adopted, shock waves with extremely high energy can be generated, the loss of the energy before the energy is transmitted to an action reservoir stratum affects the final fracturing effect, a shaft bottom detonating device part adopted by the device is hollow in three directions on the side surface, and the phase transformation energy generated after ammunition is detonated directly acts on the reservoir stratum, so that the energy loss is greatly avoided, and the fracturing effect is improved.
The pressure detection equipment adopted by the device is matched with the blowout preventer part of the wellhead device, so that the field construction is safer and more efficient. On one hand, the pressure detection equipment can monitor the pressure change in the well in real time in the whole construction process, so that the situation that the pumping pressure is too low to detonate ammunition or the pressure is too high to directly crush the well bottom equipment is avoided; on the other hand, the blowout preventer can prevent the energy generated after the ammunition is detonated from reversely pushing the liquid in the well to the ground, so that the artificial blowout accident is caused.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) By utilizing the phase change of the liquid carbon dioxide, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is produced to impact a fracturing reservoir stratum, and the liquid at the bottom of the well is impacted to form a water shock wave action reservoir stratum, so that the synergistic effect of the reservoir stratum and the water shock wave action reservoir stratum is more beneficial to increasing the stratum seepage capability.
(2) In the construction process, the ammunition can be put into a well for many times in a pumping mode, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing stratum is completed, a pipe column does not need to be pulled down, and the device is time-saving, efficient, safe and reliable.
(3) The lateral surface of the adopted shaft bottom detonating device is hollow in three directions, and the phase change energy generated after the ammunition is detonated directly acts on a reservoir, so that the energy loss is avoided, and the fracturing effect is better.
(4) The adopted pressure detection equipment can monitor the pressure change in the well in the whole construction process in real time, and can reasonably regulate and control the injection displacement of the pump truck, judge whether the ammunition detonates and master the pressure peak value after detonation according to the collected data.
(5) The adopted carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of the fixed tubular column has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design, safety, reliability, high efficiency and good performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon dioxide phase transition fracturing permeability increasing device of a fixed tubular column;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a downhole detonator;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a high pressure liquid carbon dioxide cartridge.
Description of reference numerals:
1-pump truck; 2-a first infusion line; 3-a safety valve; 4-a first connection port; 5-a blowout preventer; 6-pressure gauge; 7-a second connection port; 8-oil pipe interface; 9-oil pipe; 10-high pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition; 11-an ignition switch; 12-a bottom hole detonator; 13-a connecting ring; 14-a striker; 15-bottom end baffle; 16-a packer; 17-an infusion valve; 18-a second infusion line; 19-a liquid storage tank; 20-a pressure sensor; 21-a data line; 22-display screen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described by way of examples, but not limited thereto, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of the immobile pipe column comprises a pumping device, a wellhead device and a bottom hole detonating device.
The pumping device comprises a pump truck, a first infusion pipeline and a safety valve;
the wellhead device comprises an oil pipe, a sleeve is arranged outside the oil pipe, an oil sleeve annulus is formed between the oil pipe and the sleeve, a blowout preventer is arranged at an oil pipe joint of the oil pipe, a first connecting port is arranged on the blowout preventer, and the first connecting port is connected to the pump truck through a first infusion pipeline; the oil sleeve annulus is connected with a second liquid conveying pipeline through a second connecting port, the second liquid conveying pipeline is connected to a liquid storage tank, a pressure gauge is installed on the second connecting port, and a liquid conveying valve is installed on the second connecting pipeline.
The bottom-hole detonating device is arranged below the bottom of the oil pipe and comprises a firing pin for detonating the put ammunition; the oil sleeve annulus at the bottom end of the bottom-hole detonating device is sealed by a packer, and the sleeve section where the bottom-hole detonating device is located is provided with a through hole for transmitting impact force to a coal reservoir outside an oil pipe when detonating ammunition. The bottom hole detonation device is a cylinder which is free of a top cover and has three hollowed-out sides, and comprises a bottom end baffle, a firing pin and a connecting ring, wherein the bottom end baffle is connected with the connecting ring through three support columns, and the firing pin is positioned in the center of the bottom end baffle. The connecting ring is fixedly connected with the oil pipe.
The carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of the fixed pipe column further comprises pressure detection equipment, wherein the pressure detection equipment comprises a pressure sensor, a display and a data line, and the pressure detection equipment is connected with a wellhead device through the data line.
Further preferably, the pressure sensor is arranged at the oil pipe interface and the second connecting port, and the pressure sensor is connected to the display through a data line.
Example 2:
the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device for the fixed tubular column is as described in embodiment 1, except that a thread is arranged in an oil pipe interface, and the oil pipe interface is in meshed connection with the oil pipe thread.
Example 3:
a working method of the carbon dioxide phase change cracking permeability increasing device using the immobile column in embodiment 1 includes the following steps:
(1) Connecting a connecting ring of a bottom hole detonating device with an oil pipe, and lowering the bottom hole detonating device to a target layer;
(2) Putting high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition from a wellhead;
(3) Detecting the air tightness of the wellhead device, and judging whether each connecting port is tightly connected or not;
(4) Opening a safety valve, starting a pump truck, opening a safety valve 3 and a transfusion valve 17, starting a pressure detection system, pumping liquid into a well by the pump truck, enabling the liquid to enter an oil pipe 9 through a first transfusion pipeline 2 through a wellhead device, and pushing high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition to the bottom of the well by the pumped liquid;
(5) Starting pressure detection equipment, testing and recording the pressure in the well, and controlling the injection amount to enable the pressure to be between 40 and 50 MPa;
(6) Along with the underground propulsion of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition, liquid in the oil pipe is extruded by the ammunition to enter an oil sleeve annulus, the bottom end of the oil sleeve annulus is sealed by a packer 16, the liquid in the oil pipe 9 can only be reversely discharged upwards through the oil sleeve annulus 16, and finally returns to a liquid storage tank through a second connecting port and a second infusion pipeline;
(7) After the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition reaches a bottom hole detonating device, liquid is not reversely discharged to the ground from the oil sleeve annulus at the moment, a liquid conveying valve is closed, liquid is continuously pumped into the well, and the liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to phase change through observing pressure change collected by pressure detection equipment until a firing pin 14 touches an ignition switch 11 until the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition explodes and the liquid carbon dioxide generates a large amount of carbon dioxide gas to impact a reservoir stratum, so that cracks are formed, and the seepage capacity of the reservoir stratum is increased. The pressure sensor 20 of the pressure detection device collects the pump pressure in the oil pipe and the impact pressure of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition 10 during blasting, and transmits the pump pressure and the impact pressure to the display screen 22 through the data line 21, so that the change of the bottom pressure of the well is monitored in real time.
(8) And (4) opening a liquid conveying valve, relieving the pressure in the well, putting ammunition again from the well mouth, and repeating the steps (2) to (7) to realize multiple carbon dioxide phase change fracturing stratums.
The diameter of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition is equal to the inner diameter of an oil pipe, the surface of an ammunition shell is rough, the roughness Ra of the ammunition shell is 50-100 mu m, after the ammunition shell is placed into the oil pipe from a well head, the ammunition shell can suspend in the oil pipe without freely sliding to the bottom of the well under the condition of not applying external force, a groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the ammunition, and an ignition switch is arranged in the groove. The starting pressure of the ignition switch is 20MPa.
Claims (6)
1. A working method of a carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of a fixed tubular column comprises a pumping device, a wellhead device and a shaft bottom detonating device;
the pumping device comprises a pump truck, a first infusion pipeline and a safety valve;
the wellhead device comprises an oil pipe, a sleeve is arranged outside the oil pipe, an oil sleeve annulus is formed between the oil pipe and the sleeve, a blowout preventer is arranged at an oil pipe joint of the oil pipe, a first connecting port is arranged on the blowout preventer, and the first connecting port is connected to the pump truck through a first infusion pipeline; the oil sleeve annulus is connected with a second liquid conveying pipeline through a second connecting port, and the second liquid conveying pipeline is connected to the liquid storage tank; a transfusion valve is arranged on the second connecting pipeline;
the bottom-hole detonating device is arranged below the bottom of the oil pipe and comprises a firing pin for detonating the put ammunition; the oil sleeve annulus at the bottom end of the bottom hole detonating device is sealed by a packer, and a sleeve section where the bottom hole detonating device is located is provided with a through hole; the bottom-hole detonating device is a cylinder without a top cover and with three-way hollowed sides, and comprises a bottom end baffle, a firing pin and a connecting ring, wherein the bottom end baffle is connected with the connecting ring through three support columns, and the firing pin is positioned in the center of the bottom end baffle; the connecting ring is fixedly connected with the oil pipe;
the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device of the fixed pipe column further comprises pressure detection equipment, wherein the pressure detection equipment comprises a pressure sensor, a display and a data line, and the pressure detection equipment is connected with a wellhead device through the data line; the pressure sensor is arranged at the oil pipe interface and the second connecting port and is connected to the display through a data line;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Connecting a connecting ring of a bottom hole detonating device with an oil pipe, and lowering the bottom hole detonating device to a target layer;
(2) Putting high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition from a wellhead;
(3) Detecting the air tightness of the wellhead device, and judging whether each connecting port is tightly connected or not;
(4) Opening a safety valve, starting a pump truck, pumping liquid into the well, and pushing the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition to the bottom of the well by the pumped liquid;
(5) Starting pressure detection equipment, testing and recording the pressure in the well, and controlling the injection amount to enable the pressure to be between 40 and 50 MPa;
(6) Along with the propelling of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition to the underground, liquid in the oil pipe is extruded by the ammunition to enter an oil sleeve annular space and finally returns to the liquid storage tank through the second connecting port and the second liquid conveying pipeline;
(7) After the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition reaches a bottom hole detonating device, closing the liquid conveying valve, continuously pumping liquid into the well, and observing the pressure change collected by the pressure detection equipment until the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition explodes;
(8) And (5) opening a liquid conveying valve, relieving the pressure in the well, putting ammunition again from the well mouth, and repeating the steps (2) to (7) to realize multiple carbon dioxide phase change fracturing stratums.
2. The working method of the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability-increasing device for the static tubular column according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide ammunition is equal to the inner diameter of the oil pipe, the center of the bottom of the ammunition comprises a groove, and an ignition switch is arranged in the groove.
3. The working method of the carbon dioxide phase transition cracking permeability-increasing device of the fixed tubular column according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the ammunition shell is rough, and the roughness Ra is 50-100 μm.
4. The working method of the carbon dioxide phase transition cracking permeability-increasing device of the fixed tubular column according to claim 2, wherein the starting pressure of the ignition switch is 20MPa.
5. The working method of the carbon dioxide phase change cracking permeability increasing device of the fixed tubular column according to claim 1, wherein a pressure gauge is installed on the second connecting port.
6. The working method of the carbon dioxide phase change fracturing permeability increasing device of the fixed tubular column according to claim 1, wherein a thread is arranged in the oil pipe interface, and the oil pipe interface is in meshed connection with the oil pipe thread.
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