CN112391743A - 一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112391743A
CN112391743A CN201910757549.8A CN201910757549A CN112391743A CN 112391743 A CN112391743 A CN 112391743A CN 201910757549 A CN201910757549 A CN 201910757549A CN 112391743 A CN112391743 A CN 112391743A
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冯章启
张进
张海杨
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/728Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0076Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
    • D01D5/0084Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D01F6/625Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435Polyesters

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法。包括如下步骤:采用静电纺丝设备对PLLA溶液进行纺丝得到定向的PLLA纤维膜;采用静电纺丝设备对PCL溶液进行纺丝,使其覆盖在PLLA纤维膜上,得到双层双定向的纤维复合膜;将制得的PLLA/PCL的双层复合膜自然干燥得到自支撑的纤维膜。本发明的工艺较为简单,得到的复合膜厚度可控,并且双层纤维由于纤维的定向排列具备一定的取向度,该双层纤维膜可用于丙酮气体的检测。

Description

一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于膜材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法。
背景技术
通过静电纺丝技术可将高聚物的溶液在电压的作用下连续喷出直径为纳米级的纤维,使其具有超细的孔径,超高比表面积、孔隙率和表面吸附性,细微颗粒,极易被纤维阻挡和吸附,在同等压力下较传统滤料有更好的过滤性能。且纳米纤维的直径非常细小,气体在纳米纤维上流过时所产生阻力会减小。由于静电纺丝纳米纤维这些独特的特性,受到许多研究者的重视。
通过静电纺丝得到的纳米纤维膜相较与溶液浇铸得到的膜孔隙率更高,丙酮气体更容易渗透进去与物质发生相互作用,使其膨胀发生弯曲现象,加快了膜对丙酮气体的响应速度。2016年,Jiayin Yuan课题组浇铸得到的氧化石墨烯(GO)修饰的聚离子液体(PIL)和滤纸双层膜,完成整个吸附和解析丙酮的过程中共需要35秒。2019年Lidong Zhang课题组以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,在光照的情况下通过光交联剂得到的单层聚合物膜,该单层膜完成吸附和解析丙酮的过程需要4秒。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有形状记忆材料质地较硬、响应速度慢、形变较小等缺点,提供了一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法,该复合膜具有较高的孔隙率,并能够在丙酮气氛的环境下快速地做出大规模的形变。
为了达到上述目的,本发明公开了一种复合膜的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
步骤1:将聚L-乳酸(PLLA)溶于N, N二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶液中,搅拌至溶液均匀澄清,再离心以出去溶液中的气泡,制得PLLA溶液;
步骤2:将聚己内酯(PCL)溶于N, N二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶液中,搅拌至溶液均匀澄清,再离心以出去溶液中的气泡,制得PCL溶液;
步骤3:采用静电纺丝法对PLLA溶液进行纺丝,得到定向的PLLA纤维膜;
步骤4:以步骤3制得的PLLA纤维膜为基膜,采用静电纺丝法对PCL溶液进行纺丝,得到双层定向的PLLA/PCL纤维复合膜;
步骤5:将得到的双层纤维复合膜自然干燥,直到所有的溶剂全都挥发。
优选地,步骤1中,PLLA溶液质量分数为2.6%。
优选地,步骤2中,PCL溶液的质量分数为13%。
优选地,步骤3中,静电纺丝条件为:电压11KV,接收距离12~15cm,溶液流速为1.5ml/h,针头为23号。
优选地,步骤4中,静电纺丝条件为:电压9kV,接收距离12~15cm,溶液流速为0.5ml/h,针头为21号。
优选地,步骤5中,将双层纤维复合膜自然干燥24h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优势:
(1)本发明的工艺简单,原料易得。
(2)本发明制备得到的复合膜比表面积大,具有较高的孔隙率,在丙酮气氛下能产生快速响应和大的形变。
(3)所制得的双层纤维复合膜兼备柔性和抗拉伸强度高的优点,扩大了其在软机器人和智能开关领域的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的PLLA和PCL双层纤维复合膜响应丙酮过程示意图。
图2为纤维复合膜的弯曲角度随放入丙酮气氛中时间的关系图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例以及附图,进一步阐明本发明。
影响响应速度的主要因素就是膜的孔隙率,本发明采用静电纺丝产生PLLA和PCL双层膜的孔隙率非常大,因此完成整个吸附和解析丙酮的过程只需要1.08秒,对此来说是一个很大的进步。
实施例
首先,将0.0954gPLLA溶解在2.5ml二氯甲烷和0.25mlN, N二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,质量分数为2.6%,磁力搅拌至均匀、透明,静置除去气泡。将0.5512gPCL溶于2.25ml二氯甲烷和0.75mlN, N二甲基甲酰胺的混合溶液中,磁力搅拌至溶液均匀、透明。离心除去气泡。利用静电纺丝设备和定向设备将配得的PLLA溶液进行纺丝,采用静电纺丝设备和定向设备在PLLA纤维膜上纺PCL膜,将双层膜经过自然干燥24h得到PLLA和PCL双层纤维复合膜。
该双层纤维膜可以在丙酮的气氛中自身发生弯曲,在空气的环境中,又会回到原始状态。具体的变化见图1,其中,a为原始状态,b为放入丙酮气氛中0.44s纤维复合膜的位置,c为放入丙酮气氛中0.56s纤维复合膜的位置,d为放入丙酮气氛中0.64s纤维复合膜的位置(最大弯曲角度),e为放入丙酮气氛中0.96s纤维复合膜的位置,f为放入丙酮气氛中1.0s纤维复合膜的位置,g为放入丙酮气氛中1.12s纤维复合膜的位置,h为放入丙酮气氛中1.4s纤维复合膜的位置(回到原始位置)。
纤维复合膜的弯曲角度随放入丙酮气氛中时间的变化如图2所示,由图可知,纤维复合膜在吸附和解析丙酮的整个过程只需要1.08s,纤维复合膜最大的弯曲角度为327.65°。

Claims (6)

1.一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
步骤1:将聚L-乳酸溶于N, N二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶液中,搅拌至溶液均匀澄清,再离心以出去溶液中的气泡,制得聚L-乳酸溶液;
步骤2:将聚己内酯溶于N, N二甲基甲酰胺和二氯甲烷的混合溶液中,搅拌至溶液均匀澄清,再离心以出去溶液中的气泡,制得聚己内酯溶液;
步骤3:采用静电纺丝法对聚L-乳酸溶液进行纺丝,得到定向的聚L-乳酸纤维膜;
步骤4:以步骤3制得的聚L-乳酸纤维膜为基膜,采用静电纺丝法对聚己内酯溶液进行纺丝,得到双层定向的聚L-乳酸/聚己内酯纤维复合膜;
步骤5:将得到的双层纤维复合膜自然干燥,直到所有的溶剂全都挥发。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,聚L-乳酸溶液质量分数为2.6%。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,聚己内酯溶液的质量分数为13%。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤3中,静电纺丝条件为:电压11Kv,接收距离12~15cm,溶液流速为1.5ml/h,针头为23号。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤4中,静电纺丝条件为:电压9kv,接收距离12~15cm,溶液流速为0.5ml/h,针头为21号。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤5中,将双层纤维复合膜自然干燥24h。
CN201910757549.8A 2019-08-16 2019-08-16 一种双层纤维复合膜的制备方法 Pending CN112391743A (zh)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1546754A (zh) * 2003-12-04 2004-11-17 东南大学 扭曲超细纳米纤维膜材料及其制备方法
CN104349896A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2015-02-11 卡斯西部储备大学 复合形状记忆材料
CN104711759A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-17 中国科学院化学研究所 具有稳定纤维取向结构的聚l-乳酸电纺薄膜的制备方法
CN105088539A (zh) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-25 中国科学院化学研究所 具有多级形状记忆性能的电纺薄膜及其制备方法
CN106943895A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-07-14 华东师范大学 一种丙酮刺激响应的柔性仿生双层高分子薄膜及制备方法和应用
CN109811469A (zh) * 2019-02-20 2019-05-28 郑州大学 一种赋予聚合物微纳米纤维卷曲结构的方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1546754A (zh) * 2003-12-04 2004-11-17 东南大学 扭曲超细纳米纤维膜材料及其制备方法
CN104349896A (zh) * 2012-04-20 2015-02-11 卡斯西部储备大学 复合形状记忆材料
CN104711759A (zh) * 2013-12-11 2015-06-17 中国科学院化学研究所 具有稳定纤维取向结构的聚l-乳酸电纺薄膜的制备方法
CN105088539A (zh) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-25 中国科学院化学研究所 具有多级形状记忆性能的电纺薄膜及其制备方法
CN106943895A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-07-14 华东师范大学 一种丙酮刺激响应的柔性仿生双层高分子薄膜及制备方法和应用
CN109811469A (zh) * 2019-02-20 2019-05-28 郑州大学 一种赋予聚合物微纳米纤维卷曲结构的方法

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