CN112375591B

CN112375591B - Gasification furnace for straw incineration

Info

Publication number: CN112375591B
Application number: CN202011301016.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Jiangsu Taihu Boiler Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-19
Filing date: 2020-11-19
Publication date: 2022-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-19
Also published as: CN112375591A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass energy, and discloses a gasification furnace for straw incineration, which comprises a furnace body, wherein a heat insulator is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace body, an air inlet and an air outlet are formed in the furnace body and the heat insulator, an openable upper cover is arranged at the top of the furnace body, a heat insulation plate is connected to the inner wall of the heat insulator in a sliding manner, and a water tank is arranged at the top of the heat insulation plate. According to the invention, after the gasified high-temperature gas is filtered by the aqueous solution, clean water vapor and combustible gas are conveyed into the power device to push the turbine and the impeller to rotate, on one hand, the heat energy of the gas is converted into the kinetic energy of the turbine and the impeller to further cool the gas, and on the other hand, the gasified gas in the furnace body is sucked into the gas collecting bottle by utilizing the action of air pressure due to the negative pressure cavity formed by the rotation of the impeller, so that the use of an air pump can be reduced, the energy consumption of the air pump is reduced, and the practicability of the gasifier is improved.

Description

Gasification furnace for straw incineration

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass, in particular to a gasification furnace for straw incineration.

Background

Biomass gasification is a thermochemical treatment technology that converts solid biomass into a convenient and clean combustible gas through a gasifier for use as a fuel or power generation. The biomass gasification technology is an energy conversion process of heating reaction of biological raw materials in an anoxic state. The biomass is composed of elements such as carbon, hydrogen and ash, when the elements are ignited, only a small amount of air is supplied, measures are taken to control the reaction process, the elements such as carbon and hydrogen are changed into combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and the like, and most of energy in the straw is transferred into the gases, namely the gasification process.

For a household gasification furnace, the difficulty of popularization is that one or more fans are needed to blow air into the gasification furnace or exhaust the gas from the furnace body by using an exhaust fan in the using process of the gasification furnace, the fans consume electric energy, and for rural users, the gasification furnace needs to use not only straw dye but also electric energy, so that the daily cost is increased, the utilization rate of the gasification furnace is reduced, and the popularization and the use of the gasification furnace are hindered.

In the process of straw gasification in a gasification furnace, because the straw is light in weight and hollow in the straw, the density of the straw can not be mastered after the straw is filled originally and in the gasification process, and the phenomenon of bridging is easy to occur in the gasification process, so that the gasification furnace is empty-burned, and the gasification is discontinuous.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the existing gasification furnace in the use process in the background art, the invention provides the gasification furnace for straw incineration, which has the advantages of reducing the use of a fan, reducing energy consumption and preventing empty burning, and solves the problems of the bridging phenomenon caused by the use of the fan, the increase of the use cost of the gasification furnace and the uncontrollable straw density in the combustion process of the straw in the background art.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a straw burns gasifier, includes the furnace body, the inner wall of furnace body is equipped with the heat-insulating body, air inlet and gas outlet have been seted up on furnace body and the heat-insulating body, the top of furnace body is equipped with open closed upper cover, the inner wall sliding connection of heat-insulating body has the heat insulating board, the top of heat insulating board is provided with the water tank, the inner chamber of water tank is connected with gas outlet and power device respectively through the pipeline, the water tank is provided with the filter screen with power device's junction, power device's exit end is connected with the wind channel, the wind channel intercommunication has the gas collection bottle.

Preferably, be equipped with the latch on the inner wall of water tank, the joint has the water diversion board on the latch, the water diversion board can be dismantled with the latch, the water diversion board separates the inner chamber of water tank for full liquid chamber and steam chamber, the liquid pore has evenly been seted up on the water diversion board, gas outlet and power device all are linked together with full liquid chamber, the waste liquid through-hole has been seted up on the bottom surface of water tank.

Preferably, the inner cavity of the upper cover is set to be a liquid cavity, the liquid cavity is communicated with the water tank through a pipeline, and a flow regulating valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the liquid cavity and the water tank.

Preferably, power device includes the dustcoat, the inside of dustcoat is equipped with the turbine, the pivot of turbine is connected with the derailleur, the fixed cover of output shaft of derailleur has connect the impeller, the one end of dustcoat is connected with the wind channel, the bottom of dustcoat is equipped with the hydrops chamber, the export in hydrops chamber passes through the pipeline and communicates to the inner chamber of upper cover.

Preferably, a fixing plate positioned at the top of the heat insulator is placed in the inner cavity of the furnace body, a pipeline connecting hole is formed in the fixing plate, the pipelines connected below the fixing plate are all telescopic metal pipes, and the fixing plate is made of heat insulation materials.

Preferably, the inner wall of the heat insulator is provided with a chute, the edge of the heat insulating plate is provided with a bulge corresponding to the chute in shape, the bulge is provided with a waste liquid outlet channel, the waste liquid outlet channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the heat insulating plate, the inner cavity of the heat insulating plate is hollow, the top surface of the heat insulating plate is uniformly provided with a waste liquid inlet channel, and the waste liquid inlet channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the water tank.

Preferably, the diameter of the inlet end of the air duct is half of the diameter of the tail end of the outer cover, and the air duct is in a venturi shape.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, after the gasified high-temperature gas is filtered by the aqueous solution, clean water vapor and combustible gas are conveyed into the power device to push the turbine and the impeller to rotate, on one hand, the heat energy of the gas is converted into the kinetic energy of the turbine and the impeller to further cool the gas, and on the other hand, the gasified gas in the furnace body is sucked into the gas collecting bottle by utilizing the action of air pressure due to the negative pressure cavity formed by the rotation of the impeller, so that the use of an air pump can be reduced, the energy consumption of the air pump is reduced, and the practicability of the gasifier is improved.

2. According to the invention, the straw raw materials are extruded by utilizing the gravity of the heat insulation plate, the water tank and the water solution in the water tank, so that the straw density can be kept in an optimal range in the straw gasification process, the phenomenon of idle combustion caused by the fact that the straw does not fall in the combustion process can be prevented, and the effect of continuously generating gas can be realized.

3. According to the invention, the water solution in the upper cover is conveyed into the water tank, the gasified gas is subjected to wet-process filtration of dust and tar in the gas, the water solution containing the dust and the tar is conveyed into the furnace body through the pore passage in the heat insulation plate for reaction, and the cooling solution in the power device is pumped into the upper cover again through the siphon effect for cyclic utilization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the insulation of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the thermal insulation plate of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a furnace body; 2. a thermal insulator; 201. a chute; 3. an air inlet; 4. an air outlet; 5. an upper cover; 501. a liquid chamber; 6. a thermal insulation plate; 601. a protrusion; 602. discharging waste liquid; 603. a waste liquid inlet channel; 7. a water tank; 701. a water diversion plate; 702. a flooded chamber; 703. a steam chamber; 704. clamping teeth; 705. waste liquid through holes; 8. a power plant; 801. a housing; 802. a steam turbine; 803. a transmission; 804. an impeller; 805. a liquid accumulation cavity; 9. an air duct; 10. a gas collection bottle; 11. a fixing plate; 12. and (5) filtering by using a filter screen.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a gasification furnace for straw incineration, which is a downdraft gasification furnace, and includes a furnace body 1, wherein a heat insulation body 2 is arranged on the inner wall of the furnace body 1, an air inlet 3 and an air outlet 4 are arranged on the furnace body 1 and the heat insulation body 2, the air inlet 3 is not connected with an air inlet fan, an openable upper cover 5 is arranged on the top of the furnace body 1, after the upper cover 5 is opened, straws are filled into the heat insulation body 2 from the top of the furnace body 1, a heat insulation plate 6 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the heat insulation body 2, a water tank 7 is arranged on the top of the heat insulation plate 6, the water tank 7 and the heat insulation plate 6 can be integrally formed or provided with a buckle, so that the water tank 7 can be detached from the heat insulation plate 6, the heat insulation plate 6 is placed above the straws, the straws are compacted by the total weight of the heat insulation plate 6 and the water tank 7, and the straws move down along with the reduction of the straws in the gasification process, thereby keeping the compactness of the straws in the best range all the time, and achieving the purpose of avoiding empty burning; the inner cavity of the water tank 7 is respectively connected with an air outlet 4 and a power device 8 through pipelines, an air suction pump is arranged on a connecting channel of the air outlet 4 and the water tank 7, the air suction pump is mainly used before a large amount of gas is generated when the gasification furnace is just ignited, the air suction pump can be closed after the gasification furnace generates a large amount of gas, the outlet end of the power device 8 is connected with an air channel 9, the air channel 9 is communicated with a gas collecting bottle 10, devices for filtering gas, drying gas and the like can be connected between the air channel 9 and the gas collecting bottle 10, and combustible gas is finally stored in the gas collecting bottle 10.

The inner cavity of the upper cover 5 is set as a liquid cavity 501, the liquid cavity 501 is communicated with the water tank 7 through a pipeline, a flow regulating valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline between the liquid cavity 501 and the water tank 7, the flow regulating valve is arranged on the outer side of the upper cover 5, opening and closing are facilitated, referring to fig. 1, an inlet at the top end of the upper cover 5 is connected with a water inlet pipe, when the flow regulating valve is used, the flow regulating valve needs to be closed firstly, and then the liquid cavity 501 is filled with water through the water inlet pipe; the water in the liquid chamber 501 is then piped into the water tank 7.

The inner wall of the water tank 7 is provided with a latch 704, a water distribution plate 701 is clamped on the latch 704, the water distribution plate 701 and the latch 704 are detachable, the inner cavity of the water tank 7 is divided into a full liquid cavity 702 and a steam cavity 703 by the water distribution plate 701, water in the liquid cavity 501 is conveyed into the full liquid cavity 702, small liquid holes are uniformly formed in the water distribution plate 701, the diameter of each small liquid hole is far smaller than the diameter of an inlet of water solution at the full liquid cavity 702, so that the full liquid cavity 702 is always kept in a full overflow state, the gas outlet 4 and the power device 8 are communicated with the full liquid cavity 702, a waste liquid through hole 705 is formed in the bottom surface of the water tank 7, water in the full liquid cavity 702 falls into the steam cavity 703 through the small liquid holes, similar to the spraying condition, heat is conducted to the water solution by high-temperature combustible gas, the water solution is converted into steam, the combustible gas mixed with the steam and enters the power device 8 through a pipeline between the water tank 7 and the power device 8, the non-gasified waste liquid enters the partition 6 through the waste liquid through the waste through hole, tar and the power device 705, dust filter screen 12 is further arranged at the position of the water tank 7 and the power device 8 for reducing impurities; meanwhile, the aqueous solution plays a role in cooling the combustible gas; the pressure applied to the straws below the heat insulation plate 6 includes the weight of the heat insulation plate 6 and the water tank 7, the weight of the water solution in the heat insulation plate 6 and the water tank 7, and the pressure applied to the liquid surface of the full liquid cavity 702 by the water solution in the liquid cavity 501, the pressure of the liquid surface in the full liquid cavity 702 is mainly determined by the inner diameter of the pipeline and the height of the pipeline, the inner diameter of the pipeline and the height of the pipeline are controllable, the pressure of the water solution in the liquid cavity 501 is negligible compared with the weight of the heat insulation plate 6, the water tank 7 and the water solution contained therein, so that the pressure required by different crop straws can be balanced by setting the volume of the inner cavity of the full liquid cavity 702, for example, the hardness of the corn straws is harder than that of the barley straws, and the hollow core in the corn straws needs a better pressure than that of the barley straws, namely, the water diversion plate 701 is clamped with clamping teeth 704 of different heights, the clamping teeth 704 are used for ensuring the stability of the water diversion plate 701, and the ideal state in the water tank 7 is full liquid cavity 702, and the waste liquid in the steam cavity 703 completely flows out through the heat insulation plate 6, so that the total weight of the water tank 6 is kept balanced dynamically.

The power device 8 comprises an outer cover 801, a turbine 802 is arranged in the outer cover 801, a transmission 803 is connected with a rotating shaft of the turbine 802, an impeller 804 is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the transmission 803, one end of the outer cover 801 is connected with an air duct 9, vaporized water vapor in a water tank 7 is mixed with gasified combustible gas to enter the power device 8, heat energy of the vapor and the combustible gas is converted into rotation kinetic energy of the turbine 802 after passing through the turbine 802, the impeller 804 is driven to rotate after the rotating speed of the shaft is changed through the transmission 803, the structure of the impeller 804 is similar to that of a range hood, when the impeller 804 rotates, a pressure difference is formed between the front end and the rear end of the impeller 804, and a negative pressure area exists at the rear end of the impeller 804, therefore, the gas in the water tank 7 is sucked, after the gas passes through the pipeline, the gas gasified in the furnace body 1 is sucked, the bottom of the outer cover 801 is provided with the liquid accumulation cavity 805, the liquid accumulation cavity 805 is used for gathering the cooled water solution, the outlet of the liquid accumulation cavity 805 is communicated into the inner cavity of the upper cover 5 through the pipeline, as the liquid cavity 501 is filled with the water solution at the beginning, a negative pressure cavity is formed in the liquid cavity 501 along with the conveying of the water solution into the water tank 7, the cooled water solution in the liquid accumulation cavity 805 can be sucked into the liquid cavity 501 according to the siphon principle, and the suction force can drive the gas in the inner cavity of the outer cover 801 to flow, so that the gas flowing speed is increased, and the suction force on the gas in the water tank 7 is further increased; in the scheme, the combustible gas after straw gasification in the furnace body 1 passes through the water tank 7 to further filter impurities such as tar, ash and the like in the gas, so that the impurities are prevented from entering the power device 8 and damaging the power device 8; if the combustible gas is clean enough, it can be directly introduced into the power device 8 to reduce the heat loss of the gas.

Place the fixed plate 11 that is located 2 tops of heat-insulating body in the inner chamber of furnace body 1, the pipeline connecting hole has been seted up on fixed plate 11, the pipeline of connecting below fixed plate 11 is scalable tubular metal resonator, fixed plate 11 uses the thermal insulation material preparation, the flexible tubular metal resonator of fixed plate 11 below can fix a connection, after placing fixed plate 11, with the pipeline of fixed plate 11 top with flexible tubular metal resonator be connected can, fixed plate 11 plays thermal-insulated and be convenient for connecting tube's effect.

The inner wall of the heat insulator 2 is provided with a chute 201, the edge of the heat insulating plate 6 is provided with a bulge 601 corresponding to the chute 201 in shape, the bulge 601 is provided with a waste liquid outlet channel 602, the waste liquid outlet channel 602 is communicated with the inner cavity of the heat insulating plate 6, the inner cavity of the heat insulating plate 6 is hollow, the top surface of the heat insulating plate 6 is uniformly provided with a waste liquid inlet channel 603, the waste liquid inlet channel 603 is communicated with the inner cavity of the water tank 7, the waste liquid inlet channel 603 is communicated with a waste liquid through hole 705, after the unvaporized waste water solution in the steam cavity 703 enters the heat insulating plate 6, the used waste liquid outlet channel 602 flows downwards along the chute 201, the water solution can be reduced to generate hydrogen after being evaporated, on the other hand, tar in the waste water solution can be further subjected to reactions such as cracking, the gas quantity can be increased to a certain extent, and the purpose of waste liquid utilization can be achieved.

The diameter of the 9 entry end in wind channel is the half of the diameter of the tail end of the outer cover 801, the wind channel 9 is set to be venturi-shaped, the static pressure energy of the gas is converted into kinetic energy at the entrance of the wind channel 9, the flow rate of the gas is increased, the flow rate of the gas can be further increased through the venturi-shaped wind channel 9, the front and back pressure difference of the wind channel 9 is increased, the furnace body 1 and the gas in the water tank 7 flow under the action of the pressure difference, the whole use condition of the fan in the whole gasification process of the existing gasification furnace can be avoided, the use of the fan is reduced, the energy consumption of the fan is reduced, the cost performance of the gasification furnace is improved, and the popularization and the use of the gasification furnace are facilitated.

The using method of the invention is as follows:

firstly, filling straw raw materials in a furnace body 1, then placing a heat insulation plate 6, a water tank 7 and a fixing plate 11 in a heat insulation body 2 from the upper part of the furnace body 1, wherein the heat insulation plate 6 and the water tank 7 are pressed above the straw raw materials, a bulge 601 corresponds to a chute 201, the fixing plate 11 is placed on the top surface of the heat insulation body 2, respectively connecting pipelines to an air outlet 4 on the fixing plate 11, a power device 8 and a pipeline interface of an upper cover 5, then closing the upper cover 5, closing a flow regulating valve on the pipeline of a liquid cavity 501, and filling water solution into the liquid cavity 501;

secondly, after the straws are ignited, the air pump is started, the gasified gas in the furnace body 1 enters the water tank 7 through a pipeline, the mixed combustible gas after the water solution absorbs heat and is gasified enters the power device 8, the steam turbine 802 is pushed to rotate, the gas in the furnace body 1 and the water tank 7 is sucked by the negative pressure area formed by the rotation of the steam turbine 802 and the impeller 804, and at the moment, after the straws in the furnace body 1 are continuously gasified, the air pump can be closed.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a straw is gasified furnace for burning, includes furnace body (1), the inner wall of furnace body (1) is equipped with insulator (2), air inlet (3) and gas outlet (4), its characterized in that have been seted up on furnace body (1) and insulator (2): an openable upper cover (5) is arranged at the top of the furnace body (1), a heat insulation plate (6) is connected to the inner wall of the heat insulation body (2) in a sliding mode, a water tank (7) is arranged at the top of the heat insulation plate (6), an air outlet (4) and a power device (8) are connected to the inner cavity of the water tank (7) through pipelines respectively, a filter screen (12) is arranged at the joint of the water tank (7) and the power device (8), an air duct (9) is connected to the outlet end of the power device (8), and the air duct (9) is communicated with an air collecting bottle (10);

be equipped with latch (704) on the inner wall of water tank (7), the joint has water diversion plate (701) on latch (704), water diversion plate (701) can be dismantled with latch (704), water diversion plate (701) is separated the inner chamber of water tank (7) for full liquid chamber (702) and steam chamber (703), evenly seted up the tiny fluid hole on water diversion plate (701), gas outlet (4) and power device (8) all are linked together with full liquid chamber (702), waste liquid through-hole (705) have been seted up on the bottom surface of water tank (7).

2. A gasification furnace for straw incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner cavity of the upper cover (5) is arranged into a liquid cavity (501), the liquid cavity (501) is communicated with the water tank (7) through a pipeline, and a flow regulating valve is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the liquid cavity (501) and the water tank (7).

3. A gasification furnace for straw incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: power device (8) are including dustcoat (801), the inside of dustcoat (801) is equipped with turbine (802), the pivot of turbine (802) is connected with derailleur (803), impeller (804) have been cup jointed to the output shaft of derailleur (803) is fixed, the one end of dustcoat (801) is connected with wind channel (9), the bottom of dustcoat (801) is equipped with hydrops chamber (805), the export in hydrops chamber (805) passes through the pipeline and communicates to the inner chamber of upper cover (5).

4. A gasification furnace for straw incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: a fixing plate (11) positioned at the top of the heat insulator (2) is placed in an inner cavity of the furnace body (1), a pipeline connecting hole is formed in the fixing plate (11), pipelines connected to the lower portion of the fixing plate (11) are all telescopic metal pipes, and the fixing plate (11) is made of heat insulation materials.

5. A gasification furnace for straw incineration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inner wall of heat-insulating body (2) has been seted up spout (201), the edge of thermal-insulated board (6) is equipped with arch (601) that corresponds with spout (201) shape, it goes out (602) to have seted up waste liquid on arch (601), the inner chamber intercommunication of waste liquid play (602) and thermal-insulated board (6), the inner chamber cavity of thermal-insulated board (6), waste liquid inlet channel (603) has evenly been seted up on the top surface of thermal-insulated board (6), the inner chamber intercommunication of waste liquid inlet channel (603) and water tank (7).

6. The gasification furnace for straw incineration as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the diameter of the inlet end of the air duct (9) is one half of the diameter of the tail end of the outer cover (801), and the air duct (9) is in a venturi shape.