CN112371996A - Method for preparing K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on selective laser melting forming technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on selective laser melting forming technology Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on a selective laser melting forming technology, and belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys. The invention solves the problems of more defects, high cost, long period and the like in the traditional casting process at the stage of developing the booster turbine. The method comprises the steps of firstly preprocessing a material to be formed, then selecting proper forming powder, constructing a model of the K418 supercharging turbine, preparing a program file before forming and setting processing technological parameters, guiding the program file and the processing technological parameters into SML equipment, selectively melting the forming powder material on a workbench by the SML equipment according to a scanning path and the technological parameters in the program under the argon atmosphere, then reducing the thickness of the workbench by one layer according to the set layer thickness, then spreading powder, continuously melting the forming powder by selecting the region, repeating the action, and gradually stacking and forming the forming into the supercharging turbine. The method reduces the warping deformation risk of the turbine blade of the supercharging turbine and avoids the part defects caused by stress shrinkage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on a selective laser melting forming technology, and belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys.
Background
Compared with the traditional mechanical processing means, the selective laser melting forming (SLM) technology has the advantages of strong 'design-forming' quick response capability, low complex structure processing process limitation, high material utilization rate, great advantages in the aspects of product processing cycle control, cost control and the like, and is very suitable for quick development of small-batch, complex structure and difficult-to-process material products.
The booster turbine belongs to a core part of a high-performance engine, has advantages in the aspects of increasing the power per liter of the engine, improving the emission of the engine, improving the fuel economy and reducing the oil consumption, and the huge market demand leads a design unit to face the pressure in the aspects of shortening the research and development period, improving the product performance and the like. The structure of the booster turbine is complex, the K418 nickel-based high-temperature alloy belongs to a difficult-to-machine material, so that the booster turbine has the characteristics of difficult-to-machine material and difficult-to-machine structure, the booster turbine blade is thin and has large curvature change, and when the booster turbine blade is produced by adopting an investment casting process, the defects of heat cracking, deformation and the like are easily generated, so that a large amount of waste of alloy and shell materials is caused, and the production of qualified parts is difficult to complete under the conditions of short cycle, low cost and the like by adopting the traditional manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology to solve the problems of multiple defects, high cost, long period and the like in the development stage of the traditional casting process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a K418 nickel-based high-temperature alloy supercharged turbine based on a laser selective melting forming technology, aiming at the problems of multiple defects, high cost, long period and the like in the development stage of the supercharged turbine in the traditional casting process.
A method for preparing a K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on a selective laser melting forming technology comprises the following steps:
step one, selecting formed powder: the particle size range of the formed powder is as follows: d50 is more than or equal to 30 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m, the proportion of fine powder with the particle size of less than 15 mu m is less than 5 percent, and the proportion of coarse powder with the particle size of more than 53 mu m is less than 5 percent;
step two, constructing a model of the K418 supercharged turbine, preparing a program file before forming and setting processing technological parameters, and importing the program file and the processing technological parameters into SML equipment, wherein the processing technological parameters are as follows: the preset temperature of the substrate is 100-200 ℃, the laser power is 220-280W, the thickness of the powder layer is 30-60 μm, the scanning speed is 800-1250 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.11 μm;
step three, selecting a laser area to melt and form the booster turbine, which specifically comprises the following steps: under the argon atmosphere and under the condition that the oxygen content in the forming cabin is not more than 0.1%, according to the program file and the parameters of the SML equipment introduced in the step two, the SML equipment selectively melts the forming powder material on the workbench according to the scanning path and the process parameters in the program, then the workbench reduces the thickness of one layer, then the powder is spread, the selective melting of the forming powder is continued, the action is repeated, and the forming is gradually stacked to form a supercharged turbine;
and step four, carrying out heat treatment, linear cutting and surface treatment on the supercharged turbine processed in the step three in sequence to obtain a final product.
Further, the shaped powder is a spherical K418 nickel-base superalloy powder.
Further, the specific components of the shaped powder are: c: 0.08 to 0.16 wt%, Cr: 11.50 to 13.50 wt%, Mo: 3.8-4.80 wt%, Al: 5.50-6.40 wt%, Ti: 0.50-1.00 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 1.00 wt%, Nb: 1.80-2.50 wt%, B: 0.008 to 0.020 wt%, Zr: 0.060-0.150 wt%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, Si is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%, and the balance is Ni.
Further, the particle size distribution of the shaped powder was: 24.57 μm for D10, 36.27 μm for D50, and 49.22 μm for D90; the bulk density of the shaped powder was 4.47g/cm3Tap density of 5.12g/cm3。
Further, in the fourth step of heat treatment, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 1000-1200 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 6-10 ℃/min, and then the temperature is kept for 15-16 h, and then the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature.
Further, the wire cutting in the fourth step adopts a repeated wire-moving electric spark wire-electrode cutting machine to carry out the wire cutting, and the cutting speed is 10 mm/s.
Further, the surface treatment in the fourth step comprises surface cleaning, surface grinding and surface sand blasting.
Further, the pre-forming process file includes a process support addition to the booster turbine: and performing analog simulation on the melting forming stress deformation of the laser selective area of the K418 supercharged turbine by adopting Magics software, analyzing a stress deformation simulation result, disclosing a control method of residual stress and buckling deformation under the action of a temperature field and a stress field in the melting forming process of the laser selective area, and performing local support structure design on a forming process digifax.
Further, the local support structure design process is as follows: according to the simulation result, the support adding position, the support shape, the support and part contact form and the support process parameters are optimally designed, the stress deformation is guaranteed to be controlled, the adding quantity of the process supports is reduced, and the purposes of saving raw materials and reducing the part surface roughness are achieved.
Furthermore, the processing parameters in the second step are as follows: the preset temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser power is 220W, the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03mm, the scanning speed is 750mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.11 mm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for preparing the K418 nickel-based high-temperature alloy supercharged turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology can solve the problems of more defects, high cost, long period and the like in the development stage of the traditional casting process, realizes the rapid development and verification of supercharged turbine products, and ensures the product performance, weakens the buckling deformation risk of blades and avoids the part defects caused by stress shrinkage by the reasonable process scheme and the support optimization design scheme provided by the method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a single vane of a turbo-charger prepared by the method of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a sample of a small square block formed for effect verification in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the forming of tensile test bar for mechanical property test
FIG. 4 is a drawing of the dimensions of a tensile bar for mechanical property testing;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the mechanical property curves of samples A #, B #, C # and D #.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
firstly, selecting spherical K418 nickel-based superalloy powder with good powder fluidity and chemical components meeting the national standard requirements as a raw material for selective laser melting forming. The concrete components are as follows: 0.08 to 0.16 wt%, Cr: 11.50 to 13.50 wt%, Mo: 3.8-4.80 wt%, Al: 5.50-6.40 wt%, Ti: 0.50-1.00 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 1.00 wt%, Nb: 1.80-2.50 wt%, B: 0.008 to 0.020 wt%, Zr: 0.060-0.150 wt%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, Si is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%, and the balance is Ni; the particle size distribution is as follows: d10 is 24.57 mu m, D50 is 36.27 mu m, D90 is 49.22 mu m, and the requirement of particle size distribution of the powder formed by selective laser melting is met; it is loose and denseThe degree is 4.47g/cm3Tap density of 5.12g/cm3。
Secondly, the first step of the method is to perform the following steps, building a model of a K418 supercharged turbine, introducing an STL part of the supercharged turbine to a Magics RP interface, checking and repairing various model errors in an STL file, building an FS271M virtual printing platform, placing the part, and designing a basic supporting structure (the specific process of the supporting structure design is that UG three-dimensional modeling software is used for building a structural model of a required target part, the structural model is stored in an STL format, and additive process support is carried out on the part of the supercharged turbine blade through additive manufacturing processing software. Then, processing by adopting selective laser melting forming equipment, ensuring that the raw materials of the powder cabin are sufficient before starting, setting processing technological parameters in the selective laser melting forming processing process, and carrying out selective laser melting forming processing under argon atmosphere to ensure that the oxygen content in the forming cabin is not more than 0.1%; the substrate is a Q235 steel plate, and the processing technological parameters are as follows: the preset temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser power is 220W, the powder layer thickness is 0.03mm, the scanning speed is 750mm/s, the scanning interval is 0.11mm, the formed powder material on the workbench is selected to be melted, then the workbench is reduced by one layer thickness, the powder is spread, the formed powder is continuously melted in a selected area, the action is repeated, and the formed powder is gradually stacked to form the design of the support structure in the booster turbine, as shown in figure 1.
And thirdly, performing line cutting on the machined part by using a repeated wire-moving electric spark wire cutting machine tool at the cutting speed of 10mm/s, performing heat treatment in a vacuum sintering furnace, heating the part from room temperature to 1180 ℃ at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 2 hours, then performing air cooling to 450 ℃, then heating the part at the heating rate of 8 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 930 ℃ for 16 hours, and performing air cooling to room temperature. Taking out the part and then carrying out surface treatment to obtain the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine; the surface treatment comprises surface cleaning, surface polishing and surface sand blasting in sequence, and the final k418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine is obtained.
The following performance characterization tests were performed:
firstly, selecting spherical K418 nickel-based superalloy powder with good powder fluidity and chemical components meeting the national standard requirements as a raw material for selective laser melting forming. The concrete components are as follows: 0.08 to 0.16 wt%, Cr: 11.50 to 13.50 wt%, Mo: 3.8-4.80 wt%, Al: 5.50-6.40 wt%, Ti: 0.50-1.00 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 1.00 wt%, Nb: 1.80-2.50 wt%, B: 0.008 to 0.020 wt%, Zr: 0.060-0.150 wt%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, Si is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%, and the balance is Ni; the particle size distribution is as follows: d10: 24.57 μm, D50: 36.27 μm, D90: 49.22 μm, meeting the requirement of particle size distribution of powder formed by selective laser melting; the apparent density is 4.47g/cm3Tap density of 5.12g/cm3。
And secondly, optimally designing the parameters of the laser melting forming process. In the laser melting forming process, the technological parameters which have important influence on the final performance of the test piece mainly comprise laser power p, scanning speed v, scanning interval s and powder laying thickness h, and multiple technological parameters act on the part in a synergistic mode. By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the K418 high-temperature alloy and by orthogonal tests, 16 groups of experiments are designed for comparison. The laser power p determines 4 sets of process parameters: 220W, 240W, 260W, 280W, the scanning speed v determines 4 sets of process parameters: 800mm/s, 950mm/s, 1100mm/s, 1250mm/s, and 4 sets of process parameters are determined by the scanning spacing s: 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.10mm and 0.11mm, setting the powder spreading thickness as an invariant according to the empirical value of 0.03mm, and performing laser forming on a small square sample with the size of 15 multiplied by 15mm after 16 groups of printing parameters are determined, as shown in figure 2. And (3) carrying out density and hardness value tests on the 16 groups of small square samples. The compactness of an alloy sample is an important reference index for representing the structure and the mechanical property of a material, and the high compactness usually means that the structure is compact, the defects of shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity, gaps and the like in the alloy sample are few, and the corresponding mechanical property is also excellent. According to the test result of the final comparison group test, 4 groups of better laser printing process parameters with high density and less internal defects are finally determined, and the details are shown in the following table 1:
the tensile bars were formed according to these 4 sets of process parameters, and the tensile bar samples were formed in the X-Y direction or the Z direction according to the deposition direction, as shown schematically in FIG. 3, and the dimensions of the tensile bars are shown in FIG. 4.
And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the formed tensile test bar, wherein the test heat treatment system specifies the solution treatment and the aging treatment according to the heat treatment standard of the K418 high-temperature alloy part in the heat treatment JB/T7712-1995 standard of the high-temperature alloy: heating to 1180 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, and cooling to 450 ℃ in air; heating to 930 deg.C, holding for 16 hr, and air cooling. And respectively carrying out tensile test on the tensile test bars formed by the four parameters after heat treatment. And (3) performing tensile test on the sample by using a universal material testing machine, and performing the tensile test at room temperature according to GB/T228.1 to obtain the tensile strength Rm, the yield strength Rp0.2 and the elongation A of the sample. The mechanical property curves are shown in fig. 5. The room temperature tensile property test results are shown in table 2 below;
TABLE 2 results of tensile properties at room temperature for selective laser melting
| Detecting parameters | Rm(MPa) | Rp0.2(MPa) | A％ |
| Technical index | ≥755 | ≥685 | ≥3 |
| A# | 1295 | 796 | 12.13 |
| B# | 1144 | 737 | 9.67 |
| C# | 1068 | 760 | 6.87 |
| D# | 1256 | 773 | 10.47 |
And (4) performing tensile test under a high-temperature condition according to GB/T228.2 to obtain the tensile strength Rm, the yield strength Rp0.2, the elongation A and the reduction of area Z of the sample. The mechanical test results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 results of tensile properties test at high temperature (800 ℃ C.) in selective laser melting
| Detecting parameters | Rm(MPa) | Rp0.2(MPa) | A％ | Z％ |
| Technical index | ≥755 | - | ≥4 | ≥6 |
| A# | 958 | 822 | 6 | 7 |
| B# | 939 | 803 | 3.5 | 10 |
| C# | 898 | 733 | 3 | 4 |
| D# | 961 | 841 | 8.5 | 14 |
According to the test result, a forming process parameter D # with higher density, less internal defects and excellent comprehensive performance is selected.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on a selective laser melting forming technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting formed powder: the particle size range of the formed powder is as follows: d50 is more than or equal to 30 mu m and less than or equal to 40 mu m, the proportion of fine powder with the particle size of less than 15 mu m is less than 5 percent, and the proportion of coarse powder with the particle size of more than 53 mu m is less than 5 percent;
step two, constructing a model of the K418 supercharged turbine, preparing a program file before forming and setting processing technological parameters, and importing the program file and the processing technological parameters into SML equipment, wherein the processing technological parameters are as follows: the preset temperature of the substrate is 100-200 ℃, the laser power is 220-280W, the thickness of the powder layer is 30-60 μm, the scanning speed is 800-1250 mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.08-0.11 μm;
step three, selecting a laser area to melt and form the booster turbine, which specifically comprises the following steps: under the argon atmosphere and under the condition that the oxygen content in the forming cabin is not more than 0.1%, according to the program file and the processing technological parameters of the SML equipment introduced in the step two, the SML equipment selectively melts the forming powder material on the workbench according to the scanning path and the technological parameters in the program, then the workbench reduces the thickness of one layer, then the powder is spread, the selective melting of the forming powder is continued, the action is repeated, and the forming is gradually stacked to form a booster turbine;
and step four, carrying out heat treatment, linear cutting and surface treatment on the supercharged turbine processed in the step three in sequence to obtain a final product.
2. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology is claimed in claim 1, wherein the forming powder is spherical K418 nickel-based superalloy powder.
3. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy booster turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the specific components of the formed powder are as follows: c: 0.08 to 0.16 wt%, Cr: 11.50 to 13.50 wt%, Mo: 3.8-4.80 wt%, Al: 5.50-6.40 wt%, Ti: 0.50-1.00 wt%, Fe is less than or equal to 1.00 wt%, Nb: 1.80-2.50 wt%, B: 0.008 to 0.020 wt%, Zr: 0.060-0.150 wt%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, Si is less than or equal to 0.50 wt%, P is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.010 wt%, and the balance is Ni.
4. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy booster turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein the particle size distribution of the formed powder is as follows: 24.57 μm for D10, 36.27 μm for D50, and 49.22 μm for D90; the bulk density of the shaped powder was 4.47g/cm3Tap density of 5.12g/cm3。
5. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the laser selective melting forming technology according to claim 1, wherein the heat treatment process in the fourth step is to heat the turbine from room temperature to 1000-1200 ℃ at a heating rate of 6-10 ℃/min, then to keep the temperature for 15-16 h, and then to cool the turbine to room temperature in air.
6. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology is characterized in that the wire cutting in the fourth step is performed by adopting a repeated wire-moving electric spark wire cutting machine, and the cutting speed is 10 mm/s.
7. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the surface treatment in the fourth step includes surface cleaning, surface grinding and surface sand blasting.
8. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy booster turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-forming process file includes process support additions to the booster turbine: and performing analog simulation on the melting forming stress deformation of the laser selective area of the K418 supercharged turbine by adopting Magics software, analyzing a stress deformation simulation result, disclosing a control method of residual stress and buckling deformation under the action of a temperature field and a stress field in the melting forming process of the laser selective area, and performing local support structure design on a forming process digifax.
9. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 8, wherein the local support structure design process is as follows: according to the simulation result, the support adding position, the support shape, the support and part contact form and the support process parameters are optimally designed, the stress deformation is guaranteed to be controlled, the adding quantity of the process supports is reduced, and the purposes of saving raw materials and reducing the part surface roughness are achieved.
10. The method for preparing the K418 nickel-based superalloy supercharging turbine based on the selective laser melting forming technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing parameters in the second step are as follows: the preset temperature of the substrate is 200 ℃, the laser power is 220W, the thickness of the powder layer is 0.03mm, the scanning speed is 750mm/s, and the scanning interval is 0.11 mm.
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