CN113042751A - Method for improving stability of alloy SLM (selective laser melting) process and widening process window - Google Patents
Method for improving stability of alloy SLM (selective laser melting) process and widening process window Download PDFInfo
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- CN113042751A CN113042751A CN202110268920.1A CN202110268920A CN113042751A CN 113042751 A CN113042751 A CN 113042751A CN 202110268920 A CN202110268920 A CN 202110268920A CN 113042751 A CN113042751 A CN 113042751A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the stability of an alloy SLM (selective laser melting) process and widening a process window, which comprises the following steps of: s1, based on the alloy composition mark, further controlling the content of sensitive elements in the SLM forming powder composition, wherein the content of the sensitive elements in the step S1 comprises C and Si; s2, selecting alloy powder according to a tap density/apparent density ratio index, a conventional sphericity, a size index and a fluidity index; s3, optimizing parameters of the alloys of different models, and performing SLM forming within the range of +/-30% of the laser power density parameter. According to the invention, a set of complete method is formed from two angles of controlling GH3536 powder components and formulating a new powder selection basis so as to widen an SLM process window, enhance process stability and form a high-quality GH3536 alloy printing piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for improving the stability of an alloy SLM (selective laser melting) process and widening a process window.
Background
The SLM (selective laser melting) technology has the advantage of high precision, so that the SLM technology becomes the focus of the additive manufacturing industry at home and abroad. The nickel-based high-temperature GH3536 alloy formed by the SLM process instead of the traditional process is gradually applied to hot end parts of aviation, aerospace, ships, nuclear power and the like, but the GH3536 alloy has high alloying degree in terms of components, certain trace elements influence solidification behavior and have certain cracking sensitivity, and the segregation of the trace elements among dendrites is easy to generate a series of defects such as microcracks in the selective laser melting forming process. The trace element components in the alloy powder are controlled, the trace elements with high cracking sensitivity are regulated, the micro-crack defect of the GH3536 alloy in the forming process can be effectively reduced, and the printing quality is improved. However, currently, the problem of these defects is still solved by adjusting SLM process parameters for optimization, a large number of trial and error are required in the process, and the obtained optimal process window is narrow, so that the process is extremely unstable, the cost is increased, the yield of the formed part is reduced, and the mass production is not facilitated. In addition, the powder raw materials also affect the final properties of the 3D print. Generally, the selection of the pre-printing powder involves indices such as material, morphology, size, and flowability. Under the condition of certain material and size, the higher the sphericity, the better the fluidity, the more uniform the powder spreading, and the more excellent the quality of the formed part. However, the existing methods for inspecting the quality of powder isolate the indexes and consider the indexes independently, and then combine the indexes into an index set to form a basis for qualitatively measuring the quality, but neglect the mutual relation among the indexes, so that the powder selected by the method has large discreteness on the indexes, and the SLM forming process is unstable, thereby affecting the quality of a final formed part.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving the SLM (selective laser melting) process stability and widening the process window of the alloy, and a set of complete methods are formed from two angles of controlling the components of GH3536 powder and formulating a new powder selection basis so as to widen the SLM process window, enhance the process stability and form a high-quality GH3536 alloy printing piece. To achieve the above objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for improving alloy SLM process stability and widening a process window, comprising the steps of:
s1, based on the alloy composition mark, further controlling the content of sensitive elements in the SLM forming powder composition, wherein the content of the sensitive elements in the step S1 comprises C and Si;
s2, selecting alloy powder according to a tap density/apparent density ratio index, a conventional sphericity, a size index and a fluidity index;
s3, optimizing parameters of the alloys of different models, and performing SLM forming within the range of +/-30% of the laser power density parameter.
Preferably, the alloy is a GH3536 alloy.
Preferably, the content of sensitive elements in said step S1 is further controlled to comprise 0.03% ≦ C wt% + Si wt% ≦ 0.35% and C wt% ≧ 0.01%.
Preferably, in the step S2, the index of tap density/loose packed density ratio is 1.1 to 1.3, wherein tap density and loose packed density can be measured by conventional methods.
Preferably, the size index in step S2 includes: the size average, size distribution, size median and 1/4 median, the fluidity index includes: shear energy, compression energy, consolidation energy, and inflation energy.
Preferably, the method for calculating the range of ± 30% of the power density in step S3 is: laser power/(scanning speed × scanning pitch × layer thickness) × (1 ± α), where α ≦ 0.3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for improving the process stability and widening the process window of the GH3536 alloy SLM can reduce the discreteness of metal powder raw material factors, enhance the stability of the printing process and realize the formation of high-quality 3D printed parts in a wider process window.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of example 1 of a method for improving the process stability and widening the process window of an alloy SLM according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of comparative example 1 of a method for improving the SLM process stability and widening the process window of an alloy according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a method for improving alloy SLM process stability and widening process window comprises the steps of: s1, based on the alloy composition mark, further controlling the content of sensitive elements in the SLM forming powder composition, wherein the content of the sensitive elements in the step S1 comprises C and Si;
s2, selecting alloy powder according to a tap density/apparent density ratio index, a conventional sphericity, a size index and a fluidity index;
s3, optimizing parameters of the alloys of different models, and performing SLM forming within the range of +/-30% of the laser power density parameter.
Further, the alloy is GH3536 alloy.
Further, the content of the sensitive element in the step S1 is further controlled to include 0.03% or more and C wt% + Si wt% or less and 0.35% or more and C wt% or more and 0.01%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the index of tap density/loose packed density ratio in step S2 is 1.1-1.3, wherein tap density and loose packed density can be measured by conventional methods.
Further, the size index in step S2 includes: the size average, size distribution, size median and 1/4 median, the fluidity index includes: shear energy, compression energy, consolidation energy, and inflation energy.
Further, the ± 30% range of the power density in the step S3 is calculated by: laser power/(scanning speed × scanning pitch × layer thickness) × (1 ± α), where α ≦ 0.3.
Example 1
Step 1: customizing GH3536 alloy powder based on GH3536 brand components, and requiring that: the content of C is 0.015 wt.%, the content of Si is 0.02 wt.%, the index of tap density/apparent density ratio is 1.2, and other parameters of the powder are the same as those of the conventional powder in the market.
Step 2: through an EOS280 laser printer and based on recommended process parameters (laser power: 285W, scanning speed: 960mm/s, scanning pitch: 0.11mm, layer thickness: 0.04mm, energy density: 67.5W/mm3) The energy density was adjusted to 81W/mm by "laser power/(scanning speed × scanning pitch × layer thickness) × (1+ α), where α is 0.2 ″3And then printing is performed.
The metallographic structure after printing is shown in figure 1, no or few defects exist in the structure, the density of the material reaches 99.8%, and the mechanical property is excellent.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that C, Si was not controlled and the other processes were the same.
The metallographic structure after printing is as shown in figure 2, the structure has obvious hole defects, the density of the material reaches 90.1%, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that α ═ 0.5, i.e., the laser power density, is greater than the recommended upper limit of 30%, and the other processes are the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 92.1 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that α ═ 0.1, i.e., the laser power density, was less than the recommended lower limit of 30%, and the other processes were the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 90.8 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the C content was controlled to 0.01 wt.%, the Si content was 0.4 wt.%, it was not satisfied that "C wt.% + Si wt.% ≦ 0.35% and C wt.% ≧ 0.01%", the other processes being identical.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 93.2 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the Si content was controlled to 0.02 wt.%, the C content was 0.005 wt.%, it was not satisfied that "C wt.% + Si wt.% ≦ 0.35% and C wt.% ≧ 0.01%", the other processes being identical.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 91.2 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the ratio of tap density/bulk density is 1, which is not in the range of "1.1 to 1.3", and other processes are the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 89.8 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 7
The comparative example is different from example 1 in that the ratio of tap density/bulk density is 1.5, which is not in the range of "1.1 to 1.3", and other processes are the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 92.3 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Example 2
Step 1: customizing GH3536 alloy powder based on GH3536 brand components, and requiring that: the content of C is 0.015 wt.%, the content of Si is 0.02 wt.%, the index of tap density/apparent density ratio is 1.2, and other parameters of the powder are the same as those of the conventional powder in the market.
Step 2: passed through an Ampro laser printer and based on the recommended process parameters (laser power: 210W, scanning speed: 1200mm/s, scanning distance: 0.10mm, layer thickness: 0.03mm, energy density: 58.3W/mm3) The energy density was adjusted to 40.8W/mm by "laser power/(scanning speed × scanning pitch × layer thickness) × (1+ α), where α is 0.3 ″3And then printing is performed.
The printed tissue has no or few defects, the density of the material reaches 96.6 percent, and the mechanical property is excellent.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that C, Si was not controlled and the other processes were the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 93.5 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 9
The comparative example is different from example 2 in that the ratio of tap density/bulk density is 1.4, which is not in the range of "1.1 to 1.3", and other processes are the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 93.3 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
Comparative example 10
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that α ═ 0.1, i.e., the laser power density, was not within the recommended range of ± 30%, and the other processes were the same.
The printed tissue has hole defects, the density of the material reaches 92.8 percent, and the mechanical property is poor.
The number of devices and the scale of the processes described herein are intended to simplify the description of the invention, and applications, modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the stability of an alloy SLM (selective laser melting) process and widening a process window is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, based on the alloy composition mark, further controlling the content of sensitive elements in the SLM forming powder composition, wherein the content of the sensitive elements in the step S1 comprises C and Si;
s2, selecting alloy powder according to a tap density/apparent density ratio index, a conventional sphericity, a size index and a fluidity index;
s3, optimizing parameters of the alloys of different models, and performing SLM forming within the range of +/-30% of the laser power density parameter.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alloy is a GH3536 alloy for improving SLM process stability and widening process window.
3. A method for improving the process stability and widening the process window of an alloy SLM as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the content of sensitive elements in step S1 is further controlled to comprise 0.03% ≦ C wt% + Si wt ≦ 0.35% and C wt ≧ 0.01%.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the index of tap density/loose packed density ratio in step S2 is 1.1-1.3, wherein tap density and loose packed density can be measured by conventional methods.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dimension indicators in step S2 comprise: the size average, size distribution, size median and 1/4 median, the fluidity index includes: shear energy, compression energy, consolidation energy, and inflation energy.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the power density within ± 30% is calculated as follows in step S3: laser power/(scanning speed × scanning pitch × layer thickness) × (1 ± α), where α ≦ 0.3.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20210629 |