CN108588498B - Nickel-based gradient material and method for preparing nickel-based gradient material by selective laser melting method - Google Patents
Nickel-based gradient material and method for preparing nickel-based gradient material by selective laser melting method Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 225
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910001119 inconels 625 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000816 inconels 718 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 80
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a nickel-based gradient material and a method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by a selective laser melting method. The grain size of each layer of the nickel-based gradient material provided by the invention is in gradient change and is circularly arranged according to the sequence of abccba, wherein the average grain sizes of the layer a, the layer b and the layer c are respectively 0.3 mu m, 0.6 mu m and 1.3 mu m. When process parameters are set, the powder spreading thickness is circularly set in a gradient change manner according to the xyz x sequence, so that the mechanical property of the nickel-based material is effectively improved, the surface layer and the internal mechanical property of the material are different to a certain extent, the internal stress generated by the material under an extremely cold condition can be effectively released, the generation of internal cracks and micropores of the material is reduced, the nickel-based gradient material can not crack after bearing a large load, and the plasticity and the toughness of the nickel-based gradient material are improved on the basis of ensuring the compactness and the microhardness of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal material processing, and particularly relates to a nickel-based gradient material and a method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by a selective laser melting method.
Background
The nickel-based high-temperature alloy has high fatigue resistance, tensile strength, yield strength, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at high temperature, is an indispensable key material in hot end parts of an aeroengine, is widely applied in the fields of industrial steam turbines, nuclear industry and the like, and is widely applied in the fields of aerospace structural parts and chemical industry. The alloy is used for manufacturing parts such as engine casings, guide vanes, cylinder bodies, fuel oil main pipes and the like, passes practical application examination, and has the maximum service temperature of 950 ℃.
At present, most enterprises adopt traditional casting, forging and machining methods to prepare nickel-based alloy materials with high strength, high hardness and high temperature resistance, and a selective laser melting method is an important supplement of a nickel-based high-temperature alloy forming mode. A Selective Laser Melting (SLM) method is a rapid forming technology of metal powder, and can directly form metal parts with approximate complete density. The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly, drawing a required three-dimensional model by using three-dimensional drawing software, then, carrying out slicing processing on the three-dimensional model, introducing obtained data into an SLM forming machine, setting process parameters of each forming piece in the machine, and accordingly automatically generating scanning data of each section, controlling a laser to selectively melt powder layer by the SLM forming equipment according to the data, enabling the powder to reach firm metallurgical bonding, and stacking layer by layer to finally obtain a required three-dimensional part.
However, the crystal grains of the material prepared by the SLM technology through the traditional single process are irregularly distributed, the grain size is close to unity, the surface layer and the internal mechanical property of the material are the same, after the laser is moved away from a processing area, the material is rapidly cooled when being cooled, a plurality of micropores and microcracks are generated in the material, the material prepared by the single process parameter cannot effectively release the internal stress, and after a certain load is borne, the material is easy to crack at the micropores and the cracks, so that the service performance of the material is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a nickel-based gradient material and a method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by a selective laser melting method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the nickel-based gradient material has the crystal grain sizes of each layer changed in a gradient manner and is circularly arranged according to the abccba sequence, wherein the average crystal grain size of the layer a is 0.3 mu m, the average crystal grain size of the layer b is 0.6 mu m, and the average crystal grain size of the layer c is 1.3 mu m.
Further, the nickel-based gradient material is made of Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder or Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder.
Further, the particle size of the Inconel 625 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 μm, the chemical components are 20.0-23.0% of Cr, 8.0-10.0% of Mo, 3.15-4.15% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.10% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4% of Al, less than or equal to 0.4% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, less than or equal to 1.0% of Co, less than.
Further, the particle size of the Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 μm, the chemical components are 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.08% of C, less than or equal to 0.35% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.006% of B, and the.
The method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by the selective laser melting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circularly setting the powder spreading thickness according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and D, paving the nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder paving mode in the second step, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in an inclined subarea scanning mode under certain scanning interval, scanning speed and laser power, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
Further, in the third step, the nickel-based superalloy powder is an Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder or an Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder.
Further, the particle size of the Inconel 625 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 μm, the chemical components are 20.0-23.0% of Cr, 8.0-10.0% of Mo, 3.15-4.15% of Nb, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, less than or equal to 0.10% of C, less than or equal to 0.5% of Si, less than or equal to 0.4% of Al, less than or equal to 0.4% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 5.0% of Fe, less than or equal to 1.0% of Co, less than.
Further, the particle size of the Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 μm, the chemical components are 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.08% of C, less than or equal to 0.35% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.006% of B, and the.
Furthermore, in the third step, the scanning distance is 0.07-0.09 mm, the scanning speed is 650-1050 mm/s, and the laser power is 225-345W.
Further, in the third step, the angle of the inclined subarea is 67 °.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the grain size of each layer of the nickel-based gradient material provided by the invention is changed in a gradient manner, so that the surface layer and the internal mechanical property of the material are different to a certain extent, the internal stress of the material generated under an extremely cold condition can be effectively released, the generation of cracks and micropores in the material is reduced, the nickel-based gradient material can not crack after bearing a large load, and the plasticity and the toughness of the nickel-based gradient material are improved.
2. The method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by the selective laser melting method effectively improves the mechanical property of the nickel-based material according to the powder spreading thickness which is circularly arranged in a gradient change manner, improves the plasticity and toughness of the nickel-based gradient material on the basis of ensuring the compactness and microhardness of the material, and greatly increases the use field of the nickel-based gradient material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the fracture morphology of the nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure of the nickel-based material provided in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of fracture morphology of the nickel-based material provided in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of an Inconel 625 nickel-base superalloy powder;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the particle size distribution of an Inconel 625 nickel-base superalloy powder;
FIG. 7 is a stress-strain curve for the nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5 and the nickel-based materials provided in comparative examples 1-3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Example 1
The nickel-based gradient material has the crystal grain sizes of each layer changed in a gradient manner and is circularly arranged according to the abccba sequence, wherein the average crystal grain size of the layer a is 0.3 mu m, the average crystal grain size of the layer b is 0.6 mu m, and the average crystal grain size of the layer c is 1.3 mu m.
Example 2
A nickel-based gradient material is made of Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder, the grain size of each layer of the nickel-based gradient material is changed in a gradient mode and is circularly arranged according to an abccba sequence, the average grain size of a layer a is 0.3 mu m, the average grain size of a layer b is 0.6 mu m, and the average grain size of a layer c is 1.3 mu m.
The particle size of the Inconel 625 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 mu m, the chemical components are Cr 20.0-23.0%, Mo 8.0-10.0%, Nb 3.15-4.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, C is less than or equal to 0.10%, Si is less than or equal to 0.5%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.4%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Fe is less than or equal to 5.0%, Co is less than or equal to 1.0%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance.
Example 3
A nickel-based gradient material is made of Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder, the grain size of each layer of the nickel-based gradient material is changed in a gradient mode and is circularly arranged according to an abccba sequence, the average grain size of a layer a is 0.3 mu m, the average grain size of a layer b is 0.6 mu m, and the average grain size of a layer c is 1.3 mu m.
The Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder has the particle size of 3.5-40 mu m, and comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.08% of C, less than or equal to 0.35% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.006% of B, and the.
Example 4
The selective laser melting process of preparing gradient nickel-base material includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circulating the powder spreading thickness of the facility according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and D, paving the nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder paving mode in the second step, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in an inclined subarea scanning mode under certain scanning interval, scanning speed and laser power, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
Example 5
The selective laser melting process of preparing gradient nickel-base material includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circulating the powder spreading thickness of the facility according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and step two, laying Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder laying mode, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in a scanning mode of an inclined partition 67 degrees under the scanning interval of 0.07mm, the scanning speed of 850mm/s and the laser power of 285W, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
The particle size of the Inconel 625 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 mu m, the chemical components are Cr 20.0-23.0%, Mo 8.0-10.0%, Nb 3.15-4.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, C is less than or equal to 0.10%, Si is less than or equal to 0.5%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.4%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Fe is less than or equal to 5.0%, Co is less than or equal to 1.0%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance.
Example 6
The selective laser melting process of preparing gradient nickel-base material includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circulating the powder spreading thickness of the facility according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and step two, laying Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder laying mode, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in a scanning mode of an inclined partition 67 degrees under the scanning interval of 0.09mm, the scanning speed of 1050mm/s and the laser power of 285W, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
The particle size of the Inconel 625 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder is 3.5-40 mu m, the chemical components are Cr 20.0-23.0%, Mo 8.0-10.0%, Nb 3.15-4.15%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, C is less than or equal to 0.10%, Si is less than or equal to 0.5%, Al is less than or equal to 0.4%, Ti is less than or equal to 0.4%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Fe is less than or equal to 5.0%, Co is less than or equal to 1.0%, Mn is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the balance.
Example 7
The selective laser melting process of preparing gradient nickel-base material includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circulating the powder spreading thickness of the facility according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and step two, paving Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder layer by layer according to the powder paving mode, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in a scanning mode of 67 degrees of inclined subareas under the scanning interval of 0.08mm, the scanning speed of 750mm/s and the laser power of 255W, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
The Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder has the particle size of 3.5-40 mu m, and comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.08% of C, less than or equal to 0.35% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.006% of B, and the.
Example 8
The selective laser melting process of preparing gradient nickel-base material includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circulating the powder spreading thickness of the facility according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and step two, laying Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder laying mode, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in a scanning mode of 67 degrees in an inclined partition mode under the scanning interval of 0.08mm, the scanning speed of 950mm/s and the laser power of 315W, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material.
The Inconel 718 nickel-based high-temperature alloy powder has the particle size of 3.5-40 mu m, and comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.08% of C, less than or equal to 0.35% of Si, less than or equal to 0.015% of S, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.006% of B, and the.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 5 only in that the powder thickness of step two of comparative example 1 is only 0.04 mm.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 5 only in that the lay down thickness of comparative example 2, step two, was only 0.05 mm.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 5 only in that the powder thickness of step two of comparative example 3 is only 0.06 mm.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure of a nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5; it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the number of crystal grains decreases from layer a to layer b to layer c, but the grain size increases, wherein the average grain size of layer a is 0.3 μm, the average grain size of layer b is 0.6 μm, and the average grain size of layer c is 1.3. mu.m.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the fracture morphology of the nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the fracture surface of the nickel-based gradient material has no cracks or micropores.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure spectrum of a nickel-based material prepared by a selective laser melting method in comparative example 1, wherein the powder spreading thickness of the nickel-based material is only 0.04; as can be seen from FIG. 3, the grain distribution of the nickel-based material is irregular and the grain size is nearly the same, with an average grain size of 1 μm.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of fracture morphology of the nickel-based material provided in comparative example 1; as can be seen from fig. 4, there are a plurality of cracks on the fracture surface of the material.
Comparative example 1 preparation method of single powder-spreading thickness in selective laser melting process, the current cladding layer is rapidly heated up due to laser radiation, the temperature gradient between the current cladding layer and the lower layer solidification structure is large, the expansion of the current cladding layer is restrained by the lower layer solidification material to generate residual internal stress, and the lower layer solidification layer is forced to generate plastic deformation towards the laser direction. While the residual internal stresses generated during cooling likewise produce plastic deformations in the direction of the laser light between the solidified layers. When the cracking strength of the sample is not enough to resist residual internal stress at high temperature, cracks are generated and propagated in the material, the material is easy to crack due to the generation of the cracks, and the plasticity and the toughness of the material are reduced.
In example 5, the nickel-based gradient material prepared by adopting a powder paving mode in which different powder paving thicknesses of 0.04mm, 0.05mm and 0.06mm are in an xyz gradient cycle and a scanning mode in which the inclined subareas are 67 degrees is in a gradient cycle change on the distribution of crystal grains, so that the surface layer and the internal mechanical property of the material are in a certain difference, the internal stress of the material generated under an extremely cold condition can be effectively released, the generation of cracks and micropores is reduced, the material can not crack after bearing a large load, and the nickel-based gradient material has good plasticity and toughness.
The samples of the nickel-based gradient material prepared in example 5 and the nickel-based materials prepared in comparative examples 1 to 3 were cut into three pieces on a high speed wire cutting machine, polished until the surface was bright, the uneven raised portions on the surface of the samples were removed and made to conform to the dimensions of tensile samples, the tensile properties of the materials were measured on a CSS electronic universal tester, three samples per group were obtained, the tensile properties of the materials were obtained after averaging, and three standards were introduced for comparing the tensile properties of the materials: ASTM F3056-14, ASTMB446-03, and GJB 3317A-2008. Wherein ASTM F3056-14 is a tensile property standard for Inconel 625 materials in the additive manufacturing field; ASTM B446-03 is the tensile properties standard for conventional annealed Inconel 625 forgings; GJB 3317A-2008 is the standard of China's aviation high-temperature alloy hot rolled plate, and the comparison results are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 7:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the materials prepared in example 5 and comparative examples 1-3 are much higher than those of the three sets of comparative standards, but the elongation after fracture of the nickel-based gradient material prepared in example 5 is higher than those of the three sets of comparative standards, and the elongation after fracture of the nickel-based gradient material prepared in comparative examples 1-3 is not up to the standard.
As can be fully demonstrated by combining the stress-strain curves of the nickel-based gradient material provided in example 5 and the nickel-based materials provided in comparative examples 1 to 3 shown in fig. 7, the nickel-based gradient material obtained by the powder-spreading method with different powder-spreading thicknesses in an xyz gradient cycle has better plasticity than the nickel-based material prepared by a single powder-spreading thickness.
The nickel-based gradient material obtained in example 5 and the nickel-based materials obtained in comparative examples 1 to 3 were analyzed for compactness by the drainage method, and for microhardness by the HXD-1000 type microhardness tester, the results are shown in Table 2,
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in table 2, in example 5, the density and the microhardness of the nickel-based gradient material prepared by the powder paving method in which different powder paving thicknesses are in gradient circulation of xyz x are substantially the same as those of the nickel-based material prepared by a single powder paving thickness, and are slightly improved, that is, the preparation method provided by the present invention improves the plasticity and the toughness of the nickel-based gradient material on the basis of ensuring the density and the microhardness of the material.
Claims (6)
1. The method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by the selective laser melting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional model of the nickel-based gradient material to be prepared, slicing and layering the three-dimensional model to obtain data of each section, and importing the data into rapid prototyping equipment;
step two: setting the technological parameters of each forming part on rapid forming equipment, and circularly setting the powder spreading thickness according to the sequence of xyzzyx, wherein the powder spreading thickness of x layers is 0.04mm, the powder spreading thickness of y layers is 0.05mm, and the powder spreading thickness of z layers is 0.06 mm;
step three: and step two, paving nickel-based superalloy powder layer by layer according to the powder paving mode, controlling a laser to melt the powder layer by layer in a scanning mode of inclined partition at a scanning interval of 0.07-0.09 mm and under a certain scanning speed and laser power, and quickly forming to obtain the nickel-based gradient material, wherein the grain size of each layer of the nickel-based gradient material is in gradient change and is circularly arranged according to the abccba sequence, wherein the average grain size of the layer a is 0.3 mu m, the average grain size of the layer b is 0.6 mu m, and the average grain size of the layer c is 1.3 mu m.
2. The selective laser melting method for preparing a nickel-based gradient material according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the nickel-based superalloy powder is Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder or Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder.
3. The selective laser melting method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material according to claim 2, wherein the Inconel 625 nickel-based superalloy powder has a particle size of 3.5-40 μm, and comprises 20.0-23.0% of Cr, 8.0-10.0% of Mo, 3.15-4.15% of Nb, 0.015% or less of P, 0.10% or less of C, 0.5% or less of Si, 0.4% or less of Al, 0.4% or less of Ti, 0.015% or less of S, 5.0% or less of Fe, 1.0% or less of Co, 0.5% or less of Mn, and the balance of Ni.
4. The selective laser melting method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material according to claim 2, wherein the Inconel 718 nickel-based superalloy powder has a particle size of 3.5-40 μm, and comprises 50-55% of Ni, 17.0-21.0% of Cr, 2.8-3.3% of Mo, 4.75-5.5% of Nb, 0.2-0.8% of Al, 0.65-1.15% of Ti, 0.08% or less of C, 0.35% or less of Si, 0.015% or less of S, 0.30% or less of Cu, 0.35% or less of Mn, 0.006% or less of B, and the balance of Fe.
5. The method for preparing the nickel-based gradient material by the selective laser melting method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the scanning speed in the third step is 650-1050 mm/s, and the laser power is 225-345W.
6. The selective laser melting method for preparing nickel-based gradient materials according to claim 5, wherein the angle of the inclined subarea in the third step is 67 °.
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| CN109797316A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-05-24 | 瑞安市石化机械厂 | The processing method of Incone625 alloy pump shaft rapidoprint and Incone625 alloy pump shaft |
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| CN111992717B (en) * | 2020-08-30 | 2021-11-09 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing metal gradient material by selective laser melting |
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| CN113774254B (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2022-07-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | Nickel-based alloy wire suitable for additive manufacturing and manufacturing process |
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