CN112362082A - Ultra-low rotating speed magnitude tracing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude tracing method, and belongs to the field of rotating speed measurement. The invention discloses an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude traceability method, which is characterized in that a subdivision shaping instrument in a measurement traceability system is connected by integrating a direction judging board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter, and the ultra-low rotating speed system traced by the measurement traceability system is connected; obtaining angular velocity according to two methods according to requirements; and then, the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result is given, and the ultra-low rotating speed is directly traced to two basic quantities of time and angle, so that the purpose of tracing the ultra-low rotating speed is realized. The method directly traces the source of the low rotating speed to the angle and time, and the whole tracing process is more accurate and direct.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude tracing method, and belongs to the field of rotating speed measurement.
Background
The turntable is a low-rotating-speed standard generating device for testing the performance index of the gyroscope, and the rotating speed of the turntable for measuring the high-precision gyroscope can be as low as 0.00001 degree/s magnitude at present. The traditional method for measuring the rotating speed of the rotary table is to generate a pulse every week by using a position sensor and adopt frequency measurementThe pulse time interval is measured to calculate the rotational speed. For an ultra-low speed turntable, the method requires a very long measurement time and is difficult to implement. If the method of measuring the grating angle measurement signal by the data acquisition card is used for the low-rotating-speed magnitude value tracing, the time reference accuracy of the data acquisition card is 1 multiplied by 10-4The measurement process is not intuitive as high as a high-precision frequency meter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the ultra-low speed turntable is difficult to trace the source in the prior art, and provides an ultra-low speed magnitude tracing method; the method adopts instruments such as a high-precision frequency meter and the like to trace the ultra-low rotating speed to two basic quantities of angle and time, so that the measurement and tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed are realized. When the low-speed measurement is carried out by adopting the principle of timing angle measurement, the time reference can be improved to 1 multiplied by 10-7Above, the rotational speed measurement is more accurate, high-efficient.
The ultra-low rotating speed range (0.000001-1000) DEG/s.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
Scheme one
A tracing method for measuring ultra-low rotating speed magnitude is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing an ultra-low speed measurement traceability system and connecting the ultra-low speed measurement traceability system with an ultra-low speed system needing traceability;
installing a grating on a rotary table, wherein the grating is coaxial with the rotary table, and the total number of the grating in one circle is m; sin, cos, -sin and-cos four-way differential sinusoidal signals output by the grating are connected to the input end of a subdividing and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system, and the original sinusoidal signals are subdivided and shaped into four-way differential square signals after the signals pass through the subdividing and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integration circuit, pulse signals are output and are connected to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter;
step two: setting the subdivision multiple of the subdivision box as n;
step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
In the formula:
ξ -angle equivalent, unit: (iv) DEG;
m is the total number of the grating in one circle;
n is the subdivision multiple;
step four: calculating the angular speed by adopting a method of measuring the angle at fixed time, and further measuring the ultra-low rotating speed;
step 4.1: calculating the sampling time interval T
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, and the target value angle is theta, a measured value can be obtained, and the measurement time t is calculated according to the following formula (2):
wherein: t-measurement time, unit: s
θ — constant angle interval, unit: degree (C)
ω -angular velocity, unit: degree/s
The measurement time interval is valued according to t, and if the time t is infinite cycle number, the t can be rounded;
step 4.2: setting high-precision frequency meter parameters and recording the measured pulse number
Setting parameters of a high-precision frequency meter, and measuring the gate time to be T; starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, outputting the angular speed omega, and recording the pulse number q displayed by the high-precision frequency meter after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably operatesi(ii) a Repeating the measurement for multiple times, and recording the total measurement times as k times;
step 4.3: calculating the angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability of the ith measurement
Wherein: omegai-angular velocity obtained from the ith measurement;
s-angular velocity measurement repeatability
i-a certain measurement, (i ═ 1, 2, 3, …, k)
k-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating the uncertainty of measurement
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: analyzing the uncertainty of the angle measurement;
step 5.1.1: a measurement uncertainty component introduced by grating measurement error;
the graduation error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on a fixed angle interval theta, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.1.2: measurement uncertainty introduced by the resolution of the frequency meter:
step 5.1.3: the angular measurement uncertainty is:
step 5.2: analyzing time measurement uncertainty;
step 5.2.1: measurement uncertainty in the counting of a frequency meter
Frequency meter frequency measurement standard uncertainty u given by calibration certificatefThen, then
Step 5.2.2: uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is s, the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.3: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining the measurement result of the ultra-low rotating speed through the fourth step, obtaining the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotating speed to two basic quantities, namely time and angle, so as to realize tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed value.
Scheme II:
an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude measurement tracing method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing an ultra-low speed measurement traceability system and connecting the ultra-low speed measurement traceability system with an ultra-low speed system needing traceability;
installing a grating on a rotary table, wherein the grating is coaxial with the rotary table, and the total number of the grating in one circle is m; sin, cos, -sin and-cos four-way differential sinusoidal signals output by the grating are connected to the input end of a subdividing and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system, and the original sinusoidal signals are subdivided and shaped into four-way differential square signals after the signals pass through the subdividing and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integration circuit, pulse signals are output and are connected to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter;
step two: setting the subdivision multiple of the subdivision box as n;
step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
In the formula:
ξ -angle equivalent, unit: (iv) DEG;
m is the total number of the grating in one circle;
n is the subdivision multiple;
step four: calculating ultra-low rotation speed by adopting a fixed angle time measurement method
Step 4.1: determining the number of measurement pulses
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, the target value angle is theta, and a measured value can be obtained, the number g of the measuring pulses is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: θ — constant angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Counting the number G and taking an integer for G;
step 4.2: setting counter parameters and recording measurement time intervals with a frequency meter
Setting the counting number of a counter as G, outputting a TTL level at the initial counting moment, and outputting a TTL level every counting G times; setting the frequency meter to a measurement time interval mode; starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, the output angular speed is omega, after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably runs, starting the counter to work, counting, outputting TTL level when the number of counts is G, and the frequency at the momentMeasured arrival time interval of Qi(ii) a Repeating the measurement for multiple times, and recording the total measurement times as k times;
step 4.3: : calculating measured angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability
Wherein: omegai-angular velocity obtained from the ith measurement in units of: degree/s
s-angular velocity measurement repeatability
i-any one measurement, (i ═ 1, 2, 3, …, k)
k-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating the uncertainty of measurement
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: analyzing the uncertainty of the angle measurement;
the graduation error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on a fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.2: analyzing time measurement uncertainty;
step 5.2.1: measurement uncertainty in the counting of a frequency meter
Frequency meter frequency measurement standard uncertainty u given by calibration certificatefThen, then
Step 5.2.2: uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is s, the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.3: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining the measurement result of the ultra-low rotating speed through the fourth step, obtaining the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotating speed to two basic quantities, namely time and angle, so as to realize tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed value.
And step one, the pulse signal is accessed to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter after passing through a counter.
The invention also discloses an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude traceability system, which comprises a measurement traceability system and a traced ultra-low rotating speed system. The measurement tracing system is used for measuring four-path orthogonal differential signals and comprises a subdivision shaping instrument, an integrated direction judging board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter, wherein the high-precision frequency meter is used for measuring grating output signals after subdivision shaping and integrated direction judging or counter.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention discloses an ultra-low rotating speed magnitude traceability method, which is characterized in that a subdivision shaping instrument in a measurement traceability system is connected by integrating a direction judging board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter, and the measurement traceability system is connected with an ultra-low rotating speed system to be traced; according to the requirement, the angular speed and the measurement uncertainty are obtained according to the two schemes, the ultra-low rotating speed is directly traced to two basic quantities of time and angle, and the purpose of tracing the ultra-low rotating speed is achieved.
2. The invention adopts four paths of orthogonal differential signals output by a low-rotation-speed standard generating device to pass through a subdivision shaping instrument, integrates a direction determination and high-precision counter and a high-precision frequency meter, and directly traces the low-rotation-speed quantity to the angle and time by respectively adopting the methods of angle determination and time measurement or timing angle measurement, so that the whole tracing process is more accurate and direct.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a tracing method and system for ultra-low rotation speed values disclosed in the present invention; wherein, the figure a is a system block diagram of a scheme I;
FIG. b is a block diagram of a system of scheme two;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a tracing method for ultra-low rotational speed values disclosed in the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the objects and advantages of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
in the ultra-low rotation speed value tracing method and system disclosed in this embodiment, the number of the scribes in one circle in the traced ultra-low rotation speed system is 180000, and the tracing process is shown in fig. 2.
1) Connecting subdivision in the measurement traceability system with a shaping instrument, an integration circuit, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter; connecting the input end of a subdivision and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system with the output signal of a grating in the ultra-low speed measurement system, and wiring according to a figure 1a or a figure 1 b;
2) setting subdivision times of subdivision and shaping instrument
Setting subdivision multiple to 400
3) Calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
The following are specific examples of the method for measuring the angular velocity by using the timing angle measurement method through the wiring according to fig. 1a and the method for measuring the angular velocity by using the wiring according to fig. 1 b.
(1) Calculating angular velocity and uncertainty by timing angle measurement method according to wiring of figure 1
When the output speed of the ultra-low speed system is set to 0.01 °/s rotation and the desired angle size θ is 0.1 °, a measurement is obtained, and the sampling interval time t is calculated according to the formula (2):
the high-precision frequency meter is arranged in a Totalize 1 mode in other Mess, a gate time auto in the gate Extamm is set to be off, and the time is set to be 10s of sampling time interval; and auto trg in trigger is set to be off, the level is 2V, and DC/AC is selected to be DC.
Starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, setting the output angular speed to be 0.01 degree/s, and recording the pulse number q displayed by the high-precision frequency meter after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably operatesiAnd calculated according to the formulas (2) to (4), and recorded in table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation of angular velocity
Calculating measurement uncertainty
1) Source of angular measurement uncertainty
a) Measurement uncertainty component introduced by grating measurement error
From the calibration certificate, the grating has an index error of ± 0.5 ", which is uniformly distributed over 0.1 °, and introduces a measurement uncertainty of:
b) frequency meter count resolution induced measurement uncertainty:
uncertainty of angle measurement
2) Sources of time measurement uncertainty
a) Measurement uncertainty in the counting of a frequency meter
Frequency meter frequency measurement standard uncertainty 2 x 10 given by calibration certificate-7，
3) Uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is: s 2.0X 10-4
Repeatability of measurements induced uncertainty:
synthesis standard uncertainty:
(2) calculating angular velocity and uncertainty by wiring according to FIG. 1b and using the method of fixed angle time measurement
If the output angular velocity of the ultra low speed system is set to 0.01 °/s and a measurement value is obtained with the desired angle size θ of 0.1 °, the number of measurement pulses is calculated according to the equation (14):
the high-precision frequency meter is arranged in a periodic measurement mode, and is triggered by a rising edge; and auto trg in trigger is set to be off, the level is 2V, and DC/AC is selected to be DC.
Starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, setting the output angular speed to be 0.01 degree/s, and recording the time T displayed by the high-precision frequency meter after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably operatesiAnd calculated according to the formulas (15) to (17), and recorded in table 2.
TABLE 2 calculation of angular velocity
Calculating measurement uncertainty
1) Source of angular measurement uncertainty
From the calibration certificate, the grating has an index error of ± 0.5 ", which is uniformly distributed over 0.1 °, and introduces a measurement uncertainty of:
2) sources of time measurement uncertainty
2 x 10 uncertainty of frequency meter measurement standard given by frequency meter counting calibration certificate-7，
3) Uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is: s is 1.87X 10-4
Repeatability of measurements induced uncertainty:
synthesis standard uncertainty:
by obtaining the ultra-low rotating speed measurement result and the measurement uncertainty, the method directly traces the rotating speed to two basic quantities of time and angle, and traces the ultra-low rotating speed value.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A tracing method for measuring ultra-low rotating speed magnitude is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing an ultra-low speed measurement traceability system and connecting the ultra-low speed measurement traceability system with an ultra-low speed system needing traceability;
installing a grating on a rotary table, wherein the grating is coaxial with the rotary table, and the total number of the grating in one circle is m; sin, cos, -sin and-cos four-way differential sinusoidal signals output by the grating are connected to the input end of a subdividing and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system, and the original sinusoidal signals are subdivided and shaped into four-way differential square signals after the signals pass through the subdividing and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integration circuit, pulse signals are output and are connected to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter;
step two: setting the subdivision multiple of the subdivision box as n;
step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
In the formula:
ξ -angle equivalent, unit: (iv) DEG;
m is the total number of the grating in one circle;
n is the subdivision multiple;
step four: the angular speed is calculated by adopting a method of measuring the angle at fixed time, and then the ultra-low rotating speed is measured
Step 4.1: calculating the sampling time interval T
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, and the target value angle is theta, a measured value can be obtained, and the measurement time t is calculated according to the following formula (2):
wherein: t-measurement time, unit: s
θ — constant angle interval, unit: degree (C)
ω -angular velocity, unit: degree/s
The measurement time interval is valued according to t, and if the time t is infinite cycle number, the t can be rounded;
step 4.2: setting high-precision frequency meter parameters and recording the measured pulse number
Setting parameters of a high-precision frequency meter, and measuring the gate time to be T; starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, outputting the angular speed omega, and recording the pulse number q displayed by the high-precision frequency meter after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably operatesi(ii) a Repeating the measurement for multiple times, and recording the total measurement times as k times;
step 4.3: calculating the angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability of the ith measurement
Wherein: omegai-angular velocity obtained from the ith measurement;
s-angular velocity measurement repeatability
i-a certain measurement, (i ═ 1, 2, 3, …, k)
k-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating the uncertainty of measurement
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: angular measurement uncertainty;
step 5.1.1: a measurement uncertainty component introduced by grating measurement error;
the graduation error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on a fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.1.2: measurement uncertainty introduced by the resolution of the frequency meter:
step 5.1.3: the angular measurement uncertainty is:
step 5.2: time measurement uncertainty;
the uncertainty u of the inter-frequency-time measurement standard is given by the calibration certificatefThen, then
Step 5.3: uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is s, the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.4: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining the measurement result of the ultra-low rotating speed through the fourth step, obtaining the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotating speed to two basic quantities, namely time and angle, so as to realize tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed value.
2. A tracing method for measuring ultra-low rotating speed magnitude is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing an ultra-low speed measurement traceability system and connecting the ultra-low speed measurement traceability system with an ultra-low speed system needing traceability;
installing a grating on a rotary table, wherein the grating is coaxial with the rotary table, and the total number of the grating in one circle is m; sin, cos, -sin and-cos four-way differential sinusoidal signals output by the grating are connected to the input end of a subdividing and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system, and the original sinusoidal signals are subdivided and shaped into four-way differential square signals after the signals pass through the subdividing and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integration circuit, pulse signals are output and are connected to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter;
step two: setting the subdivision multiple of the subdivision box as n;
step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
In the formula:
ξ -angle equivalent, unit: (iv) DEG;
m is the total number of the grating in one circle;
n is the subdivision multiple;
step four: calculating ultra-low rotation speed by adopting a fixed angle time measurement method
Step 4.1: determining the number of measurement pulses
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, the target value angle is theta, and a measured value can be obtained, the number g of the measuring pulses is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: θ — constant angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Counting the number G and taking an integer for G;
step 4.2: setting counter parameters and recording measurement time intervals with a frequency meter
Setting the counting number of a counter as G, outputting a TTL level at the initial counting moment, and outputting a TTL level every counting G times; setting the frequency meter to a measurement time interval mode; starting the ultra-low rotating speed system, outputting an angular speed omega,after the ultra-low rotating speed system stably runs, starting a counter to work, counting, outputting TTL level when the counting number is G, and measuring the time interval of the frequency meter at the moment by Qi(ii) a Repeating the measurement for multiple times, and recording the total measurement times as k times;
step 4.3: : calculating measured angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability
Wherein: omegai-angular velocity obtained from the ith measurement in units of: degree/s
s-angular velocity measurement repeatability
i-any one measurement, (i ═ 1, 2, 3, …, k)
k-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating the uncertainty of measurement
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: measuring and calculating the uncertainty of angle measurement;
the graduation error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on a fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.2: measuring and calculating the uncertainty of time measurement;
frequency meter frequency measurement standard uncertainty u given by calibration certificatefThen, then
Step 5.3: uncertainty introduced by repeatability of measurement
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is s, the uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.4: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining the measurement result of the ultra-low rotating speed through the fourth step, obtaining the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotating speed to two basic quantities, namely time and angle, so as to realize tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed value.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: and step one, the pulse signal is accessed to an input port of a high-precision frequency meter after passing through a counter.
4. An apparatus for implementing the method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the system comprises a measurement traceability system and a tracked ultralow rotating speed system; the measurement traceability system is used for measuring four-path orthogonal differential signals and comprises a subdivision shaping instrument, an integrated direction judging board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter; the high-precision frequency meter is used for measuring grating output signals after the grating output signals are subjected to subdivision shaping and integration direction-judging or counting.
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