CN112362082B - Ultra-low rotation speed magnitude tracing method - Google Patents
Ultra-low rotation speed magnitude tracing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112362082B CN112362082B CN202011267494.1A CN202011267494A CN112362082B CN 112362082 B CN112362082 B CN 112362082B CN 202011267494 A CN202011267494 A CN 202011267494A CN 112362082 B CN112362082 B CN 112362082B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ultralow rotation speed magnitude tracing method, and belongs to the field of rotation speed measurement. According to the ultra-low rotation speed value tracing method disclosed by the invention, the subdivision shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system is integrated and judged to be connected with the board card, the counter and the high-precision frequency meter, and the ultra-low rotation speed system of the measurement tracing system traced is connected; according to the requirements, obtaining the angular speed according to two methods; and then, the measurement uncertainty of the measurement result is given, and the ultra-low rotation speed is directly traced to two basic quantities of time and angle, so that the aim of tracing the ultra-low rotation speed is fulfilled. The method of the invention directly traces the low rotation speed to the angle and time, and the whole tracing process is more accurate and direct.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ultralow rotation speed magnitude tracing method, and belongs to the field of rotation speed measurement.
Background
The turntable is a low-rotation-speed standard generating device for testing performance indexes of gyroscopes, and the rotation speed of the turntable for measuring the high-precision gyroscopes can be as low as 0.00001 degrees/s. The conventional method for measuring the rotation speed of the turntable is to generate a pulse every week by using a position sensor, and measure the pulse time interval by using a frequency meter so as to calculate the rotation speed. For ultra low speed turntables, the above method requires very long measurement time and is difficult to implement. If the mode of measuring the grating angle measurement signal by adopting the data acquisition card is used for tracing the low rotation speed magnitude, the time reference accuracy of the data acquisition card is 1 multiplied by 10 -4, and the measurement process is not visual enough unlike the high-precision frequency meter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the ultra-low speed turntable is difficult to trace the source in the prior art, and provides an ultra-low rotation speed magnitude tracing method; the method adopts meters such as a high-precision frequency meter and the like to trace the ultra-low rotation speed to two basic quantities of angle and time, thereby realizing the measurement and tracing of the ultra-low rotation speed. When the principle of timing angle measurement is adopted to measure low rotation speed, the time reference can be increased to more than 1 multiplied by 10 -7, and the rotation speed measurement is more accurate and efficient.
The ultra-low rotation speed range is 0.000001-1000 DEG/s.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme.
Scheme one
An ultra-low rotation speed magnitude measurement traceability method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: installing an ultra-low speed measuring and tracing system and connecting an ultra-low speed rotating speed system needing tracing;
The grating is arranged on the turntable, the grating is coaxial with the turntable, and the bus number of one circle of the grating is m; connecting sin, cos, -sin and cos four-way differential sine signals output by the grating to the input end of a subdivision and shaping instrument in a measurement tracing system, and subdividing and shaping the original sine signals into four-way differential square wave signals after the signals pass through the subdivision and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integrating circuit, pulse signals are output, and the pulse signals are connected to an input port of the high-precision frequency meter;
Step two: setting subdivision factors of subdivision boxes as n;
Step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
Wherein:
ζ -angle equivalent, unit: a degree;
m-bus number of one week of grating;
n is a subdivision multiple;
Step four: calculating angular speed by adopting a timing angle measurement method, and further measuring the ultralow rotating speed;
Step 4.1: calculating a sampling time interval T
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to omega and the target value angle is set to theta, a measured value can be obtained, and the measured time t is calculated according to the following formula (2):
Wherein: t-measurement time, unit: s
Θ—fixed angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Omega-angular velocity, unit: degree/s
The measurement time interval is taken as a value according to t, and if the time t is an infinite number of cycles, the t can be rounded;
step 4.2: setting high-precision frequency meter parameters and recording the measured pulse number
Setting high-precision frequency meter parameters, and measuring the door time to be T; starting an ultralow rotation speed system, outputting an angular speed omega, and recording the pulse number displayed by a high-precision frequency meter as q i after the ultralow rotation speed system stably operates; repeating the measurement for a plurality of times, and recording the total number of the measurement as k times;
Step 4.3: calculating and measuring the angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability of the ith measurement
Wherein: omega i -the angular velocity obtained by the ith measurement;
The average value of the angular velocity of the ith measurement,
S-angular velocity measurement repeatability
I-some measure, (i=1, 2,3, …, k)
K-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating measurement uncertainty
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: analyzing the angle measurement uncertainty;
step 5.1.1: a measurement uncertainty component introduced by the grating measurement error;
The index error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on the fixed angle interval theta, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
Step 5.1.2: measurement uncertainty introduced by the frequency meter resolution:
step 5.1.3: the angle measurement uncertainty is:
step 5.2: analyzing the time measurement uncertainty;
step 5.2.1: measurement uncertainty in counting of frequency meters
The uncertainty u f of the frequency measurement standard of the frequency meter is given by the calibration certificate
uT,rel＝uf (10)
Step 5.2.2: uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the repeatability of the angular velocity measurement is s, uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.3: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining a measurement result of the ultralow rotation speed through the fourth step, obtaining measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotation speed to two basic quantities of time and angle to realize tracing of the magnitude of the ultralow rotation speed.
Scheme II:
an ultra-low rotation speed magnitude measurement traceability method comprises the following steps:
Step one: installing an ultra-low speed measuring and tracing system and connecting an ultra-low speed rotating speed system needing tracing;
The grating is arranged on the turntable, the grating is coaxial with the turntable, and the bus number of one circle of the grating is m; connecting sin, cos, -sin and cos four-way differential sine signals output by the grating to the input end of a subdivision and shaping instrument in a measurement tracing system, and subdividing and shaping the original sine signals into four-way differential square wave signals after the signals pass through the subdivision and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integrating circuit, pulse signals are output, and the pulse signals are connected to an input port of the high-precision frequency meter;
Step two: setting subdivision factors of subdivision boxes as n;
Step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
Wherein:
ζ -angle equivalent, unit: a degree;
m-bus number of one week of grating;
n is a subdivision multiple;
Step four: calculating ultra-low rotation speed by adopting a method of angle measurement
Step 4.1: determining the number of measurement pulses
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, the target value angle is set to be theta, and a measured value can be obtained, the number g of measuring pulses is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: θ—fixed angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Counting the number G and taking an integer from G;
Step 4.2: setting counter parameters and recording measurement time intervals with a frequency meter
Setting the counting number of the counter as G, outputting TTL level at the initial counting moment, and outputting a TTL level every G times after the initial counting moment; setting the frequency meter to a measurement time interval mode; starting an ultralow rotating speed system, outputting an angular speed omega, starting a counter to work after the ultralow rotating speed system stably operates, counting, outputting TTL level when the counting quantity is G, and measuring an arrival time interval of a frequency meter at the moment to be Q i; repeating the measurement for a plurality of times, and recording the total number of the measurement as k times;
step 4.3: calculating the measured angular velocity and average angular velocity and repeatability
Wherein: omega i -the angular velocity measured at the i-th time, unit: degree/s
-Mean value of angular velocity in s obtained by the ith measurement
S-angular velocity measurement repeatability
I—any one measurement, (i=1, 2,3, …, k)
K-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating measurement uncertainty
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: analyzing the angle measurement uncertainty;
the index error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on the fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.2: analyzing the time measurement uncertainty;
step 5.2.1: measurement uncertainty in counting of frequency meters
The uncertainty u f of the frequency measurement standard of the frequency meter is given by the calibration certificate
uT,rel＝uf (20)
Step 5.2.2: uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the repeatability of the angular velocity measurement is s, uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
step 5.3: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining a measurement result of the ultralow rotation speed through the fourth step, obtaining measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotation speed to two basic quantities of time and angle to realize tracing of the magnitude of the ultralow rotation speed.
And step one, after the pulse signals pass through the counter, the pulse signals are connected to an input port of the high-precision frequency meter.
The invention also discloses a system for realizing the ultra-low rotation speed value tracing, which comprises a measurement tracing system and a traced ultra-low rotation speed system. The measurement traceability system is used for measuring four paths of orthogonal differential signals and comprises a subdivision shaping instrument, an integrated orientation board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter; the high-precision frequency meter is used for measuring grating output signals after subdivision shaping and integration judgment or counter.
Advantageous effects
1. According to the ultra-low rotation speed value tracing method disclosed by the invention, a subdivision shaping instrument in a measurement tracing system is integrated and judged to be connected with a board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter, and the measurement tracing system is connected with the traced ultra-low rotation speed system; according to the requirements, angular speed and measurement uncertainty are obtained according to the two schemes, and the ultra-low rotation speed is directly traced to two basic quantities of time and angle, so that the aim of tracing the ultra-low rotation speed is fulfilled.
2. The invention adopts four paths of orthogonal differential signals output by the low-rotation-speed standard generating device to pass through a subdivision shaping instrument, integrates a direction judging and high-precision counter and a high-precision frequency meter, and directly trace the low rotation speed to angles and time by a method of angle measurement or timing angle measurement respectively, so that the whole tracing process is more accurate and direct.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an ultra-low rotational speed magnitude tracing method and system disclosed by the invention; wherein, figure a is a system block diagram of a scheme one; figure b is a scheme two system block diagram;
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of an ultra-low rotation speed value tracing method disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects and advantages of the present invention, the following description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment discloses an ultra-low rotation speed value tracing method and system, wherein the number of lines of a grating circle in the traced ultra-low rotation speed system is 180000 lines, and the tracing flow is shown in fig. 2.
1) The subdivision and shaping instrument, the integrating circuit, the counter and the high-precision frequency meter in the measurement traceability system are connected; connecting the input end of the subdivision and shaping instrument in the measurement tracing system with the output signal of the grating in the ultra-low speed measurement system, and wiring according to FIG. 1a or FIG. 1 b;
2) Setting subdivision multiple of subdivision and shaping instrument
Setting subdivision multiple to 400
3) Calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
The following is a specific example of the wiring according to fig. 1a, calculating the angular velocity by using the method of timing angle measurement, and the wiring according to fig. 1b, using the method of timing angle measurement.
(1) Wiring according to FIG. 1, calculating angular velocity and uncertainty by timing angle measurement
When the output rotating speed of the ultralow rotating speed system is set to be 0.01 degrees/s, and the expected angle theta=0.1 degrees is set, a measured value is obtained, and the sampling interval time t is calculated according to a formula (2):
The high-precision frequency meter is arranged in a total 1 mode in the other Mess, the gate time auto in gata ExtArm is set off, and the time is set to be a sampling time interval of 10s; auto trg in trigger tigger is set to off, level 2V, DC/AC is selected as DC.
Starting an ultralow rotation speed system, setting the output angular speed to be 0.01 DEG/s, recording the pulse number displayed by a high-precision frequency meter as q i after the ultralow rotation speed system stably operates, calculating according to formulas (2) - (4), and recording in a table 1.
TABLE 1 calculation results of angular velocity
Calculating measurement uncertainty
1) Origin of uncertainty in angle measurement
A) Measurement uncertainty component introduced by grating measurement error
The calibration certificate shows that the index error of the grating is +/-0.5', the grating is uniformly distributed at 0.1 DEG, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
b) Measurement uncertainty introduced by frequency meter counting resolution:
uncertainty of angle measurement
2) Time measurement uncertainty source
A) Measurement uncertainty in counting of frequency meters
The uncertainty of the frequency meter frequency measurement standard is given by the calibration certificate by 2x 10 -7,
3) Uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is: s=2.0×10 -4
Uncertainty of the repeatability of the measurement results introduced:
Synthesis standard uncertainty:
(2) Wiring according to FIG. 1b, calculating angular velocity and uncertainty by using the method of angular measurement
If the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation system is set to 0.01 °/s, and a measurement value is obtained when the desired angular magnitude θ=0.1°, the number of measurement pulses is calculated according to formula (14):
The high-precision frequency meter is arranged in a periodic measurement mode, and the rising edge is triggered; auto trg in trigger tigger is set to off, level 2V, DC/AC is selected as DC.
Starting an ultralow rotation speed system, setting the output angular speed to be 0.01 DEG/s, recording the time T i displayed by a high-precision frequency meter after the ultralow rotation speed system stably operates, calculating according to formulas (15) - (17), and recording in a table 2.
TABLE 2 calculation of angular velocity
Calculating measurement uncertainty
1) Origin of uncertainty in angle measurement
The calibration certificate shows that the index error of the grating is +/-0.5', the grating is uniformly distributed at 0.1 DEG, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
2) Time measurement uncertainty source
The uncertainty of the frequency meter measurement standard is given by the frequency meter count calibration certificate 2 x 10 -7,
3) Uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the angular velocity measurement repeatability is: s=1.87×10 -4
Uncertainty of the repeatability of the measurement results introduced:
Synthesis standard uncertainty:
by the method, the ultra-low rotating speed measurement result and the measurement uncertainty are obtained, and the method adopts the method that the rotating speed is directly traced to two basic quantities of time and angle, so that tracing of the ultra-low rotating speed value is realized.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
Claims (3)
1. An ultra-low rotation speed magnitude measurement traceability method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: installing an ultra-low speed measuring and tracing system and connecting an ultra-low speed rotating speed system needing tracing;
The grating is arranged on the turntable, the grating is coaxial with the turntable, and the bus number of one circle of the grating is m; connecting sin, cos, -sin and cos four-way differential sine signals output by the grating to the input end of a subdivision and shaping instrument in a measurement tracing system, and subdividing and shaping the original sine signals into four-way differential square wave signals after the signals pass through the subdivision and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integrating circuit, pulse signals are output, and the pulse signals are connected to an input port of the high-precision frequency meter;
Step two: setting subdivision factors of subdivision boxes as n;
Step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
Wherein:
ζ -angle equivalent, unit: a degree;
m-bus number of one week of grating;
n is a subdivision multiple;
Step four: calculating angular velocity by adopting a timing angle measurement method, and further measuring ultra-low rotation speed
Step 4.1: calculating a sampling time interval T
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to omega and the target value angle is set to theta, a measured value can be obtained, and the measured time t is calculated according to the following formula (2):
Wherein: t-measurement time, unit: s
Θ—fixed angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Omega-angular velocity, unit: degree/s
The measurement time interval is taken as a value according to t, and if the time t is an infinite number of cycles, the t is rounded;
step 4.2: setting high-precision frequency meter parameters and recording the measured pulse number
Setting high-precision frequency meter parameters, and measuring the door time to be T; starting an ultralow rotation speed system, outputting an angular speed omega, and recording the pulse number displayed by a high-precision frequency meter as q i after the ultralow rotation speed system stably operates; repeating the measurement for a plurality of times, and recording the total number of the measurement as k times;
Step 4.3: calculating and measuring the angular velocity, average angular velocity and repeatability of the ith measurement
Wherein: omega i -the angular velocity obtained by the ith measurement;
The average value of the angular velocity of the ith measurement,
S-angular velocity measurement repeatability
I-some measure, i=1, 2,3, …, k
K-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating measurement uncertainty
The transfer formula:
step 5.1: angle measurement uncertainty;
step 5.1.1: a measurement uncertainty component introduced by the grating measurement error;
the index error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on the fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
Step 5.1.2: measurement uncertainty introduced by the frequency meter resolution:
step 5.1.3: the angle measurement uncertainty is:
step 5.2: time measurement uncertainty;
The uncertainty u f of the frequency-time measurement standard is given by the calibration certificate
Step 5.3: uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the repeatability of the angular velocity measurement is s, uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
Step 5.4: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining a measurement result of the ultralow rotation speed through the fourth step, obtaining measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotation speed to two basic quantities of time and angle to realize tracing of the magnitude of the ultralow rotation speed.
2. An ultra-low rotation speed magnitude measurement traceability method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: installing an ultra-low speed measuring and tracing system and connecting an ultra-low speed rotating speed system needing tracing;
The grating is arranged on the turntable, the grating is coaxial with the turntable, and the bus number of one circle of the grating is m; connecting sin, cos, -sin and cos four-way differential sine signals output by the grating to the input end of a subdivision and shaping instrument in a measurement tracing system, and subdividing and shaping the original sine signals into four-way differential square wave signals after the signals pass through the subdivision and shaping instrument; after the four paths of differential square wave signals pass through the integrating circuit, pulse signals are output, and the pulse signals are connected to an input port of the high-precision frequency meter;
Step two: setting subdivision factors of subdivision boxes as n;
Step three: calculating the angle equivalent xi corresponding to 1 pulse number
Wherein:
ζ -angle equivalent, unit: a degree;
m-bus number of one week of grating;
n is a subdivision multiple;
Step four: calculating ultra-low rotation speed by adopting a method of angle measurement
Step 4.1: determining the number of measurement pulses
When the output angular velocity of the ultra-low rotation speed system is set to be omega, the target value angle is set to be theta, and a measured value can be obtained, the number g of measuring pulses is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: θ—fixed angle interval, unit: degree (C)
Counting the number G and taking an integer from G;
Step 4.2: setting counter parameters and recording measurement time intervals with a frequency meter
Setting the counting number of the counter as G, outputting TTL level at the initial counting moment, and outputting a TTL level every G times after the initial counting moment; setting the frequency meter to a measurement time interval mode; starting an ultralow rotating speed system, outputting an angular speed omega, starting a counter to work after the ultralow rotating speed system stably operates, counting, outputting TTL level when the counting quantity is G, and measuring an arrival time interval of a frequency meter at the moment to be Q i; repeating the measurement for a plurality of times, and recording the total number of the measurement as k times;
step 4.3: calculating the measured angular velocity and average angular velocity and repeatability
Wherein: omega i -the angular velocity measured at the i-th time, unit: degree/s
-Mean value of angular velocity in s obtained by the ith measurement
S-angular velocity measurement repeatability
I-any one measurement, i=1, 2,3, …, k
K-total number of measurements
Step five, calculating measurement uncertainty
The transfer formula:
Step 5.1: measuring and calculating the uncertainty of angle measurement;
the index error + -delta of the grating is uniformly distributed on the fixed angle interval, and the introduced measurement uncertainty is as follows:
step 5.2: measuring and calculating the uncertainty of time measurement;
The uncertainty u f of the frequency measurement standard of the frequency meter is given by the calibration certificate
Step 5.3: uncertainty of repetitive introduction of measurement results
If the repeatability of the angular velocity measurement is s, uncertainty introduced by the repeatability of the measurement results is as follows:
Step 5.4: synthesis standard uncertainty:
and obtaining a measurement result of the ultralow rotation speed through the fourth step, obtaining measurement uncertainty of the measurement result through the fifth step, and directly tracing the rotation speed to two basic quantities of time and angle to realize tracing of the magnitude of the ultralow rotation speed.
3. An apparatus for carrying out the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the system comprises a measurement tracing system and a traced ultra-low rotation speed system; the measurement traceability system is used for measuring four paths of orthogonal differential signals and comprises a subdivision shaping instrument, an integrated orientation board card, a counter and a high-precision frequency meter; the high-precision frequency meter is used for measuring grating output signals after subdivision shaping and integration judgment or counter.
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| EP3249411A1 (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2017-11-29 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Method and device for determining the rotational speed of an engine |
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