CN1123537A - 生产层压材料的方法和设备 - Google Patents

生产层压材料的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1123537A
CN1123537A CN94192116A CN94192116A CN1123537A CN 1123537 A CN1123537 A CN 1123537A CN 94192116 A CN94192116 A CN 94192116A CN 94192116 A CN94192116 A CN 94192116A CN 1123537 A CN1123537 A CN 1123537A
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laminated material
temperature
heater
sheet metal
heating
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M·J·罗兰
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Crown Packaging UK Ltd
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CarnaudMetalbox PLC
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

生产包括一面或两面都层压有一种或多种聚合物膜的金属片的层压材料的方法和设备。该方法包括通过加热和加压及紧接着再加热形成层压材料。在再加热步骤之后急冷之前提供一个热区,以加热和/或冷却层压材料,从而使层压材料不管在什么线速度下都在基本恒定的温度下进入急冷阶段。

Description

生产层压材料的方法和设备
本发明涉及生产包括单面或双面都层压有一种或多种聚合物膜的金属板的层压材料的方法和设备。
US-A-3679513描述了一种在预设定的加热周期中将聚乙烯膜贴到钢质基材上的方法。钢质基材用铬/氧化铬涂层,并进行预加热,以软化将在夹辊之间贴到基材两面上的聚乙烯膜。然后将得到的层压材料再加热并保温5-240秒。然后进行迅速冷却,具体为首先通过吹空气将层压材料的温度降低到低于聚乙烯膜的软化点,最后用水喷洒。在快的线速度并无工业重要性的情况,US-A-3679513建议在静止的空气中冷却。
US-A-3679513的迅速和静止的空气冷却方法都导致聚合物膜至少部分结晶。特别是已发现从高温经吹空气冷却到低于约180℃,或喷淋急冷时会导致涂层出现斑点。这些冷却方法仅能够在空气或喷淋触及到涂层的地方冷却,因此只能发生局部冷却并产生杂斑形的部分结晶的涂层。当层压材料需要制成制品,如罐或罐盖时,尤其要避免结晶。对于聚丙烯膜,该结晶是指α-形结晶(不是近晶形)。
EP-B-0312309旨在解决US-A-3679513的若干问题,并描述了一种将聚丙烯膜层压到金属基材上的方法。产生的层压材料再加热到聚丙烯的熔点以上,然后通过将连续冷却的水浸没过层压材料进行均匀快速的急冷,其中冷却水从层压材料流到收集槽。如此迅速且均匀的冷却防止聚丙烯成为α-形的结晶,并的确得到了基本为近晶形的聚丙烯。这一结晶形式在成型时不易分解。
在线速度较低时在层压过程开始阶段之后出现的问题,是当层压材料离开再加热区而还未急冷之前发生冷却时会导致再结晶,结于聚丙烯来说就是形成α-形结晶。这种再结晶过程在US-A-3679513所建议的在静止空气中冷却时也会出现。
因此,本发明旨在提供一种避免部分结晶和出现不连续的方法和设备。
根据本发明,提供一种生产聚合物/金属层压材料的方法,包括将金属片和聚合物膜片送入层压辊隙中;加热金属片到高于聚合物膜的初期粘合点的第一温度T1,使膜与金属片产生紧密接触;再加热得到的层压材料到第二温度T2,使膜与金属片之间相互作用并结合到金属片上;在其整个宽度上加热和/或冷却层压材料,使膜和金属片之间产生结合;和迅速并均匀地急冷层压材料,其中层压材料在第三温度T3进入急冷阶段。
在加热和/或冷却层压材料时产生结合的时间优选至少为1秒钟。因此加热和/或冷却步骤确保层压材料以基本上为T3的温度进入急冷阶段,而不管其线速度如何。
已发现层压材料在接近急冷之前的温度T3对于保证聚合物膜,即涂层,保持无定型状态,对于聚丙烯来说即保持基本上为近晶状态,是至关重要的。不同类型的聚合物膜需要特定的温度T3,不管线速度如何,优选该温度在±15℃的允许偏差内。
优选通过在低线速度下加热层压材料和在高线速度下冷却层压材料来达到温度T3的精确控制。加热可以通过红外阵列、热空气或感应加热器进行,冷却可以通过一个或多个风扇吹动空气通过包括嘴、缝或孔阵列的冷却装置进行。加热器和冷却装置都优选至少在层压材料的整个宽度上沿伸,并且可在层压材料的两面设置。当两面都施加聚合物膜时,优选在层压材料的两面都设置加热器和冷却装置。
加热和/或冷却优选使用一列加热器和冷却装置,加热器和冷却装置交替分布在一列上。已发现这些交替的列对于急冷之前确保精确温度条件T3特别有利。
加热器优选设置在距层压材料20到100mm之间的位置,但如果需要,可以移到在此范围之外的离层压材料更近或更远的范围。加热器特别优选的位置是距层压材料50mm。冷却嘴等一般设置在比加热器更接近层压材料的位置,例如比加热器近约10mm。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,该方法进一步包括监测温度T3并调节供给加热器和/或风扇的电力以保持温度T3在30℃的可接受范围之内(即±15℃),而不管线速度如何。
在另一个实施方案中,该方法也可以包括循环暖空气。循环也可以包括进一步加热将要吹到层压材料上的空气。冷却也可以包括吹冷的新鲜空气或暖热新鲜的空气,并将该暖热的空气吹到层压材料上。通常需要排气扇以排出不再循环的空气。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供一种生产包括结合到金属基材上的聚合物膜的层压材料的设备,所述设备包括将金属片和聚合物膜片送到层压辊隙的进料装置;将金属片加热到高于聚合物膜的初期粘合点的第一温度T1并使膜与金属片产生紧密接触的加热装置;将得到的层压材料再加热到第二温度T2,以使膜与金属片之间相互作用并结合到金属片上的再加热装置;设置在临近于层压材料位置的加热器和冷却器;当层压材料离开所述设备时,监测层压材料整个宽度的温度的感应装置;和迅速而均匀地急冷层压材料的急冷装置,由此使层压材料以第三温度T3进入该急冷装置。
该设备优选包括将金属片和两个聚合物膜片送入层压辊隙的进料装置。
加热器可以是例如红外加热器或热空气加热器或感应加热器,冷却器可以是与伸展到层压材料整个宽度上的嘴、缝或孔阵列相连接的一个或多个风扇。加热器和嘴通常交替设置在一个列中,优选嘴比加热器更接近于层压材料。
感应装置优选包括至少一个高温计,以监测温度T3并调节供应到加热器或一个或多个风扇的电力。在层压材料的整个宽度上可以有一列高温计或其它的传感器。从而不管线速度如何,第三温度T3都基本保持不变。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,该设备可以包括再循环气流调节器(recirculation damper)。通过调节该调节器的位置,可以将新鲜的或循环的空气吹过嘴,或使新鲜的与循环的一起通过嘴。
下面将仅借助实施例并参考附图对生产层压材料的方法和设备的优选实施方案进行描述,其中:
图1是层压三片材料的设备示意简图;
图2是图1设备的热区的纵向截面图;
图3是图2中箭头所指空气流动方向的截面图;
从图1可以看出,该设备包括金属片15通过其上的第一滚筒(roll)10和聚合物膜片25和35分别通过其上的第二及第三滚筒20和30。夹紧滚筒(pinch roll)40和45将金属片15和聚合物膜片25和35带到一起,而急冷装置50按EP-B-0319309在大量溢流冷却液中浸没得到的层压材料60。
预热器100设置在滚筒10和夹紧滚筒40和45之间,用以在夹紧滚筒40、45层压之前,将金属片15预热到聚合物的初期粘合点以上的温度T1。第二加热器110将层压材料60再加热到高于预热温度T1的温度T2。加热/冷却区120设置在加热器110和急冷装置50之间,用以根据层压材料60的线速度和厚度对其进行加热和/或冷却,以保证不管线速度如何层压材料60在急冷之前都处于温度T3。区120长度使得当层压材料60以最大的线速度通过该区时至少需要1秒钟。
急冷装置50包括盛放冷却液75的贮槽70、从贮槽70抽出液体的泵80、冷却泵抽出的液体的热交换器85以及接受来自热交换器85的冷却了的液体的槽90。层压材料60通过槽90并完全由冷却了的液体浸没。另外,一个优选形式的急冷装置也可包括一对水平的分布棒(distributor bar),层压材料总体上垂直地通过其间,冷却液以小角度从两面冲击到层压材料上,从而可以用连续更新的冷却后的液体浸没层压材料。
加热/冷却区120在图2中做了更详细的描绘,包括区200,层压材料在急冷之前通过该区,该区包括在层压材料两面的一列嘴或缝210和加热器220。列之间相互交错设置,分别为嘴-加热器-嘴……排列,并且在每列的末端为嘴,从而一列中的嘴对着另一列中的加热器,末端除外。高温计330监测层压材料离开200时的温度。
供至加热器220和变速风扇240的电力根据高温计的输出相应值自动调节。风扇240是可变速的,从而可以调节通过空气进口250抽进的新鲜空气的量。
在图2所示的实施方案中,设置气流调节器260使空气通过风扇240循环。通过每个风扇240循环的空气都经过热偶270,以调节调节器的位置和预热器280,然后通过预热器280到达嘴220。废气口290可以将烟和累积的热从该区中排出。
通常,层压材料60的最大宽度为1米,加热器和嘴都伸展开超过层压材料的边沿。加热器通常伸展超过每一边缘至少60mm,而嘴超过至少65mm。可以理解的是上述尺寸可以根据层压材料的宽度、加热器和嘴的具体情况以及现有的金属/聚合物的宽度进行变化。
层压材料距加热器的距离可以变化。该距离一般是50mm,而嘴还要靠前10mm。这些距离的变化通过向着或远离层压材料移动框架上的加热器或嘴来完成。这些距离的极限根据该区组件物理上的限制和对热传递的要求两方面确定。加热器距层压材料的距离在20mm-100mm的范围内是可以接受的。
图3表明了空气通过加热区时的流动状况。新鲜空气通过空气进口250由循环风扇240抽进。热偶270监测空气的温度,并且相应调整气流调节器260和预热器280。空气然后进入内室300,并从此通过嘴210到达正通过区120的层压材料60。
层压材料60通过外室310的中央,空气可以借助变速排气扇(未示出)的作用从此处送到废气口290。被抽取的空气可以从每一列加热器和嘴的端处通过,如图3中的双箭头所示。
如果调节器260移动到图2所示的位置,暖空气将通过风扇240进行循环,并由热偶270监测其温度。热偶270可以用于启动预热器280和/或用于调节调节器260的设置。
层压材料如图2和3所示,从顶端到底部运动,当它离开该区时,其温度T3由高温计230监测。所要求的温度T3依据所用的聚合物膜决定,但该温度在启动速度和线速度达到最高时都将保持基本为常数。
层压材料通过加热/冷却区所用的时间在最大线速度时通常为至少1秒,但是,对该区的主要要求是它能够适应从8到80米/分钟或更高的线速度范围。8米/分钟是典型的启动速度,在如此慢的线速度下,必须使被加热的层压材料避免涂层的再结晶或聚丙烯膜从近晶形到α-形的逆转,并保证T3控制在要求值的±15℃范围内。
当启动过程之后线速度增加时,所要求的热量输入将减少,直到需要减少加热器220的电力输入和/或需要对调节器260进行调节,使新鲜冷空气由风扇抽进到加热区120以冷却层压材料。
层压材料的厚度也将影响达到要求的温度T3在±15℃的允许偏差范围所需要的加热和冷却情况。
因此可以看出,在加热/冷却区包括了大量的变量,具体的设置在下面的实施例中给出。实施例1
0.2mm的标准钢片被预热,在夹紧滚筒中将15μm的PET膜施加到该钢片的一面,40μm的聚丙烯膜施加到另一面,从而产生膜与该钢片的初始粘合。得到的层压材料被再加热到T2等于255℃,这是在层压期间达到的最高温度。层压材料然后进入加热/冷却区并调整加热器和/或风扇以使层压材料在T3为215℃时首先接触急冷水。加热/冷却器的长度设置为层压材料以最大的线速度从再加热器的进口到急冷段需要2秒。
在8米/分钟的启动速度下,一旦钢片和膜移动,则在加热/冷却区起用全部约30-40KW加热。风扇开到最小以避免当线速度增加而需要冷却时的惯性效应。排气扇也开到最小,避免在低线速度时由废气导致的层压材料过冷。
随着线速度增加,监测T3并自动减少加热直到少量需要或不需要加热,然后根据需要提高风扇速度以提供冷却确保T3保持常数。排气扇速度也提高以更快地排出废气。
对于本实施例的层压材料其线速度从8米/分钟到80米/分钟,精确控制加热器和风扇确保了温度T3保持在约215℃。实施例2
0.17mm的标准钢片被预热,在夹紧滚筒中将20μm的聚丙烯膜施加到该钢片的一面,40μm的聚丙烯模施加到另一面,从而产生膜与该钢片的初始粘合。得到的层压材料被再加热到T2等于230℃。在加热/冷却区,加热器和风扇自动调节以使层压材料在T3为200℃时首先接触急冷水。
对于本实施例,在8米/分钟的启动速度下,起用全部20-20KW加热,并当速度增加时减少加热。加热和/或冷却如实施例1那样自动调节,以保证线速度在8米/分钟-80米/分钟时,T3保持在约200℃。
可以理解,上面仅仅通过实施例描述了本发明,但在不违背本发明的范围内可以进行多种变化。

Claims (11)

1.一种生产聚合物/金属层压材料的方法,包括将金属片和聚合物膜片送入层压辊隙中;加热金属片到高于聚合物膜的初期粘合点的第一温度T1,使膜与金属片产生紧密接触;再加热得到的层压材料到第二温度T2,使膜与金属片之间相互作用并结合到金属片上;在其整个宽度上加热和/或冷却层压材料,使膜和金属片之间产生结合;和迅速并均匀地急冷层压材料,其中层压材料在第三温度T3进入急冷阶段。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在其整个宽度上加热和/或冷却层压材料的同时,使产生结合的时间至少为1秒钟。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,还包括加热和/或冷却层压材料的两面。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项的方法,其中加热使用多列红外、热空气或感应加热器,冷却使用一个或多个将空气吹过包括嘴、缝或孔阵列的冷却装置的风扇。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,还包括调整加热器和/或冷却装置距层压材料的距离。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,包括调整加热器与层压材料的距离为20-100mm。
7.根据权利要求5或6的方法,包括将冷却装置设置得比加热器更接近层压材料。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项的方法,还包括监测温度T3和调节供给加热器和/或风扇的电力,以达到不管线速度如何都保持温度T3在30℃范围内(即±15℃)。
9.一种生产包括结合到金属基材上的聚合物膜的层压材料的设备,所述设备包括将金属片和聚合物膜片送到层压辊隙的进料装置;将金属片加热到高于聚合物膜的初期粘合点的第一温度T1并使膜与金属片产生紧密接触的加热装置;将得到的层压材料再加热到第二温度T2,以使膜与金属片之间相互作用并结合到金属片上的再加热装置;设置在临近于层压材料位置的加热器和冷却器;当层压材料离开所述设备时,监测层压材料整个宽度的温度的感应装置;和迅速而均匀地急冷层压材料的急冷装置,由此使层压材料在第三温度T3进入该急冷装置。
10.根据权利要求9的设备,其中,感应装置包括至少一个高温计,以监测温度T3,并调节供给到加热器和/或冷却器的电力。
11.根据权利要求9或10的设备,还包括循环气流调节器。
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