CN112343959A - 一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法及空气弹簧 - Google Patents
一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法及空气弹簧 Download PDFInfo
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- F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
- F16F13/101—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by buffering features or stoppers
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- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/06—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper
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- F16F13/10—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like
- F16F13/103—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper the damper being a fluid damper, e.g. the plastics spring not forming a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the plastics spring forming at least a part of the wall of the fluid chamber of the damper the wall being at least in part formed by a flexible membrane or the like characterised by method of assembly, production or treatment
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- F16F13/00—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
- F16F13/04—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper
- F16F13/26—Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs comprising both a plastics spring and a damper, e.g. a friction damper characterised by adjusting or regulating devices responsive to exterior conditions
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- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
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- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/023—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using fluid means
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Abstract
本发明涉及提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法及空气弹簧,通过在空气弹簧的上盖板与底座之间设置摩擦组件的方式,来增加上盖板与底座之间横向力。以减少空气弹簧的横向位移,避免或减少横向刚度的突变和横向冲击现象,提高空气弹簧的横向稳定性。同时还能够实现空气弹簧横向力可调,以满足车辆隔振系统横向稳定性的客观需求,保证车辆在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及交通设备领域,具体涉及一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法及空气弹簧。
背景技术
空气弹簧是利用橡胶气囊内部压缩空气的反作用为弹性恢复力的一种弹性元件。广泛应用于交通运输工具的悬挂系统,它能够实现缓冲、减振、隔振。空气弹簧具有非线性特性,可将其特性曲线设计成理想形状;空气弹簧质量轻,内摩擦小,对高频振动有很好的隔振消声能力;空气弹簧的刚度和承载能力可以通过调节橡胶气囊的内压力来调整;城市轨道交通车辆行驶于城市地面、地下或高架线路上,要求其噪声低、减振性能好,并且有适应车辆载重变化较大的能力,为此,空气弹簧获得了广泛应用。
现运行的轨道列车上的空气弹簧存在横向间隙和垂向间隙,具有横向和垂向的缓冲、减振、隔振功能,对列车车体提供横向和横向的刚度和承载。垂向刚度是通过调节橡胶气囊的内压力来调整,横向刚度是通过橡胶气囊横向变形后的反作用力和橡胶堆的受力反作用力来提供。由于橡胶气囊横向变形所提供的反作用力比较小,在列车过弯或有横向受力的情况下,车体横向位移较大,空气弹簧的止挡产生横向限位作用时,就有产生冲击现象,从而影响车辆运行的平稳性和乘坐的舒适性。
本发明是在保持原有空气弹簧大横向刚度的基础上,增加了横向力,提高了空气弹簧横向稳定性,可同时实现空气弹簧横向力可调。在狭小空间内满足隔振系统横向稳定性的客观需求,以保证隔振系统在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
经专利检索,与本发明有一定关系的专利主要有以下专利:
1、申请号为“201810761812.6”、申请日为“2018.07.12”、公开号为“CN108547903A”、公开日为“2018.09.18”、名称为“一种提供横向刚度的空气弹簧”、申请人为“中铁磁浮科技(成都)有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明公开了一种提供横向刚度的空气弹簧,包括上盖板、下底板、橡胶气囊、止挡座和橡胶堆;所述的上盖板呈“十”字形,上盖板包括顶板、顶板上设置的圆台以及顶板下设置的阻尼柱,圆台开设进气孔,阻尼柱设置阻尼孔,阻尼孔与进气孔连通;止挡座置于橡胶堆上,左右两侧分别设置橡胶气囊,橡胶气囊分别与上盖板和止挡座密封固定;所述的止挡座截面呈阶梯形,橡胶气囊固定在止挡座的第一级阶梯上;在止挡座的第二级阶梯上通过螺钉安装磨耗板;橡胶气囊中设置钢带。该发明采用了在空气弹簧气囊中设置钢带,可提供空气弹簧的横向刚度;在止挡座上增加磨耗板,磨耗板可支撑车体和降低空气弹簧横向位置造成的磨损,提高空气弹簧的使用耐久性。但该发明增加的横向刚度非常有限。
2、申请号为“201910769283 .9”、申请日为“2019.08.20”、公开号为“CN110469624A”、公开日为“2019.11.19”、名称为“非线性空气弹簧”、申请人为“中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明提出一种非线性空气弹簧,包括依次设置的上盖板、气囊、辅助弹簧和底板,所述辅助弹簧包括沿空气弹簧纵向串联设置的第一橡胶堆和第二橡胶堆,所述第一橡胶堆和所述第二橡胶堆内部中空形成腔室,所述第一橡胶堆与所述气囊相邻设置,并且所述第一橡胶堆与所述气囊相邻的一侧设置有第一橡胶堆顶板,所述第一橡胶堆顶板覆盖所述第一橡胶堆的顶端以及所述腔室的顶端,所述第一橡胶堆顶板上形成有向所述腔室内部延伸的第一限位部,所述底板上形成有向所述腔室内部延伸的第二限位部,所述第二限位部与所述第一限位部在水平方向间隔设置并且可限制所述第一限位部在水平方向的位移,实现水平方向刚度的非线性特性,保证车辆的横向稳定性和舒适性。但该发明横向刚度存在突变和横向冲击现象,并不平稳。
3、申请号为“201911095409 .5”、申请日为“2019.11.11”、公开号为“CN110836239A”、公开日为“2020.02.25”、名称为“非线性空气弹簧及其横向刚度设计方法”、申请人为“株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司”的中国发明专利,该发明包括:上盖板、同轴设置在上盖板下方的支撑板、上下子口分别装在上盖板和支撑板上的气囊、同轴粘结在支撑板底部的环形橡胶堆和固定在支撑板顶面的磨耗板,支撑板中心位置具有向下凸起伸入至环形橡胶堆内腔中的限位凸起,环形橡胶堆的底板中心位置具有向上凸起的限位止档,限位止档顶面为凹槽形状形成限位凹槽,限位凸起沿中轴线伸入限位凹槽中且与限位凹槽不接触,其特征在于所述的限位凸起上套装有弹性止挡,所述的弹性止挡伸入至限位凹槽中且与限位凹槽不接触。该发明实现了三级横向非线性刚度,更好地适应各种线路情况,保证车辆的安全性要求。但该发明横向刚度存在突变和横向冲击现象,并不平稳。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术中横向刚度存在突变和横向冲击现象,提供一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法及空气弹簧。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采取的技术方案为:一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法,所述空气弹簧包括:上盖板、气囊及底座。通过增加上盖板与底座之间的横向摩擦力的方式来提高空气弹簧横向稳定性。在保持空气弹簧原有横向刚度的基础上,利用增加的横向摩擦力来减少空气弹簧的横向位移,避免或减少横向刚度的突变和横向冲击现象,提高空气弹簧的横向稳定性。保证车辆在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
进一步地,利用设置在上盖板与底座之间的摩擦组件来增加上盖板与底座之间的横向摩擦力。
进一步地,所述摩擦组件包括:滑块及压板,所述压板压紧在滑块上,滑块能够相对于压板滑动,从而产生横向摩擦力。
进一步地,摩擦组件还包括:紧固螺钉,通过紧固螺钉来调节压板压在滑块上的正压力,从而调节横向摩擦力大小,以满足不同工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性要求。
本发明还涉及一种采用上述方法的空气弹簧,包括:上盖板、气囊及底座。在上盖板与底座之间设置有能够产生横向摩擦力的摩擦组件。在保持空气弹簧原有横向刚度的基础上,利用增加的横向摩擦力来减少空气弹簧的横向位移,避免或减少横向刚度的突变和横向冲击现象,提高空气弹簧的横向稳定性。保证车辆在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
进一步地,所述摩擦组件包括滑块及压板,滑块与上盖板横向限位配合连接,压板横向固定在底座上、并压紧在滑块上;上盖板能够带动滑块相对于压板滑动,在压板及滑块之间产生横向摩擦力。
进一步地,所述压板包括:上压板及下压板,滑块夹在上压板与下压板之间,滑块能够在上压板与下压板之间滑动;所述下压板嵌在的在底座上,所述滑块设置有滑块中心孔,所述上盖板设置有中心销,所述中心销插在滑块中心孔内,上盖板通过中心销带动滑块滑动。将滑块夹在上压板与下压板之间,能够增大接触面积,以增大横向摩擦力。
进一步地,所述摩擦组件还包括紧固螺钉,紧固螺钉依次穿过上压板上的螺钉孔及滑块上的滑块通孔,拧入下压板上的螺纹孔内,将滑块夹紧在上压板与下压板之间。通过紧固螺钉来调节压在滑块上的正压力,从而调节横向摩擦力大小。以满足不同工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性要求。
进一步地,上压板边缘设置有上压板止口,下压板边缘设置有下压板止口,上压板止口与下压板止口轴向间隙配合连接。利用上压板止口与下压板止口的轴向间隙配合,用来限制上压板的径向移动,同时允许上压板沿轴向移动,以便夹紧滑块。
进一步地,所述上压板止口与下压板止口的轴向间隙之间设置有缓冲垫。当空气弹簧因超载或泄气导致上压板压在上压板上时,缓冲垫能够起到缓冲作用。
本发明的有益效果为:通过在空气弹簧的上盖板与底座之间设置摩擦组件的方式,来增加上盖板与底座之间横向力。以减少空气弹簧的横向位移,避免或减少横向刚度的突变和横向冲击现象,提高空气弹簧的横向稳定性。同时还能够实现空气弹簧横向力可调,以满足车辆隔振系统横向稳定性的客观需求,保证车辆在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
附图说明
图1为实施例结构示意图,
图2为图1中局部结构示意图,
图3为图2中压盖产生横移后局部结构示意图,
图4为下压板俯视示意图,
图5为下压板剖视示意图,
图6为上压板俯视示意图,
图7为上压板剖视示意图,
图8为滑块俯视示意图,
图9为滑块剖视示意图,
图中:1—上盖板、11—中心销、2—气囊、3—底座、31—底座凹槽、4—摩擦组件、41—上压板、411—上压板本体、412—耐摩层、413—通气孔、414—螺钉孔、415—上压板中心孔、416—上压板止口、42—下压板、421—螺纹孔、422—下压板止口、423—下压板中心孔、43—缓冲垫、44—滑块、441—滑块中心孔、442—滑块通孔、45—紧固螺钉、S—横向位移、f—摩擦力、X—上盖板与底座之间的偏心距。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述:
空气弹簧如图1所示,包括:上盖板1、气囊2、底座3及摩擦组件4。气囊2与上盖板1、底座3通过锥面自密封,形成密闭工作空间,利用充入的压缩空气或氮气作为工作介质实现空气弹簧的弹性特性。这种自密封结构简单,耐压能力高,密封性好。工作内压范围为0.5~2.5MPa。与螺栓紧固密封方式相比,耐压性好,密封可靠,且简化了结构,可装配性好,成本低,经济性好。气囊2采用中间钢丝圈结构提高了空气弹簧本体横向刚度,同时约束了气囊充气变形,满足狭小工作安装空间要求,提高空气弹簧耐压等级,隔振装置安全可靠。
摩擦组件4如图2至3所示,包括:上压板41、下压板42、缓冲垫43、滑块44及紧固螺钉45。
下压板42如图4至5所示:下压板42为圆桶形,在下压板42中心线位置设置有下压板中心孔423,下压板42表面设有圆周均布的4个螺纹孔421,下压板42的边缘设置有圆形台阶状的下压板止口422。
上压板41如图6至7所示:所述上压板41包括圆桶形的上压板本体411,上压板本体411的外侧表面覆盖一层非金属材料的耐摩层412,以防止上盖板1与上压板41刚性接触或碰撞。在上压板41中心线位置设置有上压板中心孔415,上压板41表面设有圆周均布的4个螺钉孔414和通气孔413,通气孔413的直径为3mm。上压板41的边缘设置有圆形台阶状的上压板止口416,下压板42嵌在底座3的底座凹槽31内。
滑块44如图8至9所示:所述滑块44为圆盘形,在滑块44中心线位置设置有滑块中心孔441,滑块44表面设有圆周均布的4个滑块通孔442,通孔442的直径比紧固螺钉45大得多,以免紧固螺钉45限制了滑块44的滑动幅度。
如图2至3所示:下压板42嵌在底座3的底座凹槽31内,将滑块44放在下压板42内,使滑块通孔442对准螺纹孔421,再在下压板止口422上套上缓冲垫43,缓冲垫43的厚度为1~2mm。然后将上压板41倒扣在下压板42,使上压板止口416对齐下压板止口422,螺钉孔414对齐螺纹孔421。最后用紧固螺钉45依次穿过螺钉孔414及滑块通孔442,拧入螺纹孔421,从而将滑块44夹在上压板41与下压板42之间。
上盖板1的中心销11插在滑块中心孔441,中心销11与滑块中心孔441之间的间隙为:0.01~0.15mm,中心销11能够随空气弹簧上盖板1沿轴向自由运动,同时还能够带动滑块44在上压板41与下压板42之间滑动。
当车辆进入弯道时,空气弹簧上盖板1与底座3之间产生横向位移S,使得上盖板1与底座3之间产生偏心距X,横向位移S与偏心距X相同,为0~10mm。当受水平方向位移S或冲击时,空气弹簧上盖板1中心销11带动滑块44向左运动,滑块44上、下表面产生与运动方向相反的摩擦力2f,空气弹簧获得一个维持系统稳定的横摩擦向力。其摩擦横向力的大小取决于滑块44的上下表面分别与上压板41的下表面及下压板42的上表面之间的正压力和摩擦系数μ。正压力取决于施加在4个紧固螺钉45的预紧力和扭转力矩,以及上压板41和下压板42的材料弹性模量。摩擦系数μ取决于滑块44的材料特性,以及摩擦副的表面状态。
上压板41和下压板42的材料为65Mn弹簧钢板,滑块44的材料为超高分子量聚乙烯,摩擦副的摩擦系数μ为0.1~0.15。横向力的大小可通过调整紧固螺钉45的预紧力和摩擦副的摩擦系数来实现,在工作磨合期后,隔振系统可获得比较稳定的横向力,横向力为4.0kN~6.0kN。
综上所述:本发明的有益效果为:通过在空气弹簧的上盖板与底座之间设置摩擦组件的方式,来增加上盖板与底座之间横向力。以减少空气弹簧的横向位移,避免或减少横向刚度的突变和横向冲击现象,提高空气弹簧的横向稳定性。同时还能够实现空气弹簧横向力可调,以满足车辆隔振系统横向稳定性的客观需求,保证车辆在各种复杂工况条件下的运行平稳性和乘员舒适性。
以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化或变换,因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的保护范围,本发明的保护范围应该由各权利要求限定。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法,所述空气弹簧包括:上盖板(1)、气囊(2)及底座(3),其特征在于:通过增加上盖板(1)与底座(3)之间的横向摩擦力(f)的方式来提高空气弹簧横向稳定性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法,其特征在于:利用设置在上盖板(1)与底座(3)之间的摩擦组件(4)来增加上盖板(1)与底座(3)之间的横向摩擦力(f)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法,其特征在于:所述摩擦组件(4)包括:滑块(44)及压板,所述压板压紧在滑块(44)上,滑块(44)能够相对于压板滑动,从而产生横向摩擦力(f)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法,其特征在于:摩擦组件(4)还包括:紧固螺钉(45),通过紧固螺钉(45)来调节压板压在滑块(44)上的正压力,从而调节横向摩擦力(f)大小。
5.一种实现权利要求1至4任意一项所述的提高空气弹簧横向稳定性的方法的空气弹簧,包括:上盖板(1)、气囊(2)及底座(3),其特征在于:在上盖板(1)与底座(3)之间设置有能够产生横向摩擦力(f)的摩擦组件(4)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的空气弹簧,其特征在于:所述摩擦组件(4)包括滑块(44)及压板,滑块(44)与上盖板(1)横向限位配合连接,压板横向固定在底座(3)上、并压紧在滑块(44)上;上盖板(1)能够带动滑块(44)相对于压板滑动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的空气弹簧,其特征在于:所述压板包括:上压板(41)及下压板(42),滑块(44)夹在上压板(41)与下压板(42)之间,滑块(44)能够在上压板(41)与下压板(42)之间滑动;所述下压板(42)嵌在的在底座(3)上,所述滑块(44)设置有滑块中心孔(441),所述上盖板(1)设置有中心销(11),所述中心销(11)插在滑块中心孔(441)内,上盖板(1)通过中心销(11)带动滑块(44)滑动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的空气弹簧,其特征在于:所述摩擦组件(4)还包括紧固螺钉(45),紧固螺钉(45)依次穿过上压板(41)上的螺钉孔(414)及滑块(44)上的滑块通孔(442),拧入下压板(42)上的螺纹孔(421)内,将滑块(44)夹紧在上压板(41)与下压板(42)之间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的空气弹簧,其特征在于:上压板(41)边缘设置有上压板止口(416),下压板(42)边缘设置有下压板止口(422),上压板止口(416)与下压板止口(422)轴向间隙配合连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的空气弹簧,其特征在于:所述上压板止口(416)与下压板止口(422)的轴向间隙之间设置有缓冲垫(43)。
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