CN112343500A - Combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving mechanical drilling speed of hard formation - Google Patents
Combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving mechanical drilling speed of hard formation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112343500A CN112343500A CN202011399324.9A CN202011399324A CN112343500A CN 112343500 A CN112343500 A CN 112343500A CN 202011399324 A CN202011399324 A CN 202011399324A CN 112343500 A CN112343500 A CN 112343500A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- drill bit
- short circuit
- voltage
- drilling
- rock
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/16—Plural down-hole drives, e.g. for combined percussion and rotary drilling; Drives for multi-bit drilling units
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/602—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids the bit being a rotary drag type bit with blades
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/04—Electric drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
Abstract
A combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving the mechanical drilling speed of hard stratum is disclosed. Mainly solves the problems of low drilling efficiency, large drill bit abrasion and high drilling cost of the existing drilling tool. The method is characterized in that: the upper end of the impact voltage rock breaking drill bit (1) is sequentially connected with a mud current sleeve (2), an impact voltage generator short circuit (3), a lithium battery short circuit (4) and an underground power generation short circuit (5) from bottom to top; the drill bit shell is characterized in that an insulating centralizing bearing (21) is arranged at the upper end inside the drill bit shell (3), the lower end of the drill bit shell is connected with a spring sleeve (27), an electrode holder (24) is connected onto the spring sleeve (27), and a low-voltage grounding electrode (28) and a high-voltage center electrode (29) are connected onto the electrode holder (24). The combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving the mechanical drilling speed in the hard stratum can be used for the construction of breaking rock by impact voltage discharge, has high drilling efficiency and low cost, is not easy to wear a drill bit, and is suitable for drilling various wells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machinery, in particular to a combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage, which is used for improving the mechanical drilling speed of a hard stratum.
Background
Drilling deep hard rock formations remains a major challenge in drilling technology, and the major problems are high bit wear and low rate of penetration. When the conventional drilling tool is used for drilling deep wells, ultra-deep wells and hard strata such as hot dry rocks, the drilling speed ranges from 1m/h to 2 m/h, the drilling efficiency is low, the drill bit is greatly abraded, the service life of the tool is about 50-60 h, and the drilling cost is high.
The rock breaking by impact voltage discharge is a newly developed rock breaking technology in recent years, and the technology utilizes the mechanical effect of impact waves, jet flows or plasma channels generated by the impact voltage discharge to enable the rock to generate cracks until the rock is broken, and has the characteristics of controllable energy, no pollution, no flying rocks and the like. The impact voltage rock breaking drilling has the advantages of high rock breaking efficiency, good well wall quality and the like, is a novel rock breaking mode with great potential, and has better drilling effect in hard rock drilling with large electrical property difference. But the current drilling tool cannot be used for rock breaking construction by impact voltage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of low drilling efficiency, large abrasion of a drill bit and high drilling cost of the existing drilling tool, the invention provides the combined drilling tool for breaking rock by using the impact voltage for improving the mechanical drilling speed of the hard stratum.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a combined drilling tool for breaking rock by using impact voltage for improving the mechanical drilling speed of a hard formation comprises a drill bit, wherein the drill bit is a rock breaking drill bit by using the impact voltage, the upper end of the rock breaking drill bit by using the impact voltage is sequentially connected with a slurry current sleeve, an impact voltage generator short circuit, a lithium battery short circuit and an underground power generation short circuit from bottom to top; the drill bit is characterized in that an insulating centering bearing is arranged at the upper end inside the drill bit shell, the lower end of the drill bit shell is connected with a spring sleeve, an electrode seat is connected onto the spring sleeve, a low-voltage grounding electrode and a high-voltage central electrode are connected onto the electrode seat, a coaxial cable is connected onto the electrode seat, the upper end of the coaxial cable is connected with the insulating centering bearing, and the upper end of the coaxial cable is connected with a current interruption mechanism in the slurry current sleeve.
And a stabilizing spring is arranged between the electrode holder and the insulating righting bearing, and an electrode protection shell is arranged at the front end of the electrode holder.
The drill bit shell is axially provided with a plurality of water holes, and the front ends of the water holes are fixedly provided with water hole nozzles.
Gauge protection teeth are fixed on the outer wall of the drill bit shell, and cutting teeth are fixed on the periphery of the front end of the drill bit shell.
And a current frequency conversion mechanism and a pulse generation mechanism are arranged in the short circuit of the impulse voltage generator.
A mandrel is arranged at the center of the interior of the underground power generation short circuit, and a turbine stator and a turbine rotor are arranged outside the mandrel.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: due to the adoption of the scheme, the drill bit is based on a continuous impact voltage-mechanical composite drilling method: the rock breaking principle adopts an impulse voltage rock breaking method, the main power for breaking the rock is an electrode to transmit impulse voltage, and the rock is electrically broken; when the temperature of the rock rapidly rises after absorbing the energy of the electric pulse, pores in the rock instantaneously expand, and the rock is broken when the stress exceeds the strength of the rock. The mechanical rotary drilling motion plays a role in assisting in rock breaking. The method combines the impulse voltage drilling with the underground power drilling tool, has high drilling efficiency and low cost, ensures that the drill bit is not easy to wear, is suitable for drilling various wells (vertical wells, directional wells and the like), and better accords with the development trend of petroleum drilling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a percussive voltage rock breaking drill bit;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a mud current casing;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a surge voltage generator short;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a lithium battery short circuit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a downhole power generation sub.
In the figure, 1-impact voltage rock breaking drill bit, 2-slurry current casing pipe, 3-impact voltage generator short circuit, 4-lithium battery short circuit, 5-downhole power generation short circuit, 11-current relay mechanism, 12-pulse generation mechanism, 13-current frequency conversion mechanism, 14-lithium battery module, 15-mandrel, 16-turbine stator and rotor, 21-insulation centralizing bearing, 22-coaxial cable, 23-drill bit shell, 24-electrode holder, 25-water eye nozzle, 26-stabilizing spring, 27-spring sleeve, 28-low-voltage grounding electrode, 29-high-voltage center electrode, 30-electrode protection shell, 31-cutting tooth and 32-gauge tooth.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
shown by fig. 1 to 6, a combination drilling tool that is used for hard formation to improve the broken rock of impulse voltage of mechanical drilling speed, includes the drill bit, the drill bit is broken rock drill bit 1 for impulse voltage, broken rock drill bit 1 upper end of impulse voltage connects gradually mud current sleeve pipe 2, impulse voltage generator short circuit 3 by supreme down, lithium cell short circuit 4, power electricity generation short circuit 5 in the pit.
The rock breaking drill bit 1 with the impulse voltage comprises a drill bit shell 23, wherein the drill bit shell 23 is made of a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) material, the upper end inside the drill bit shell 23 is provided with an insulating righting bearing 21, the lower end of the drill bit shell is connected with a spring sleeve 27, a clamp spring is arranged between the spring sleeve 27 and the drill bit shell 23, and the spring sleeve 27 is limited to move downwards. The spring housing 27 is connected with an electrode holder 24, the center of the front end of the electrode holder 24 is connected with a high-voltage central electrode 29, the periphery of the electrode holder 24 is connected with a low-voltage grounding electrode 28, the electrode holder 24 is connected with a coaxial cable 22, a circuit connected with the high-voltage central electrode 29, the low-voltage grounding electrode 28 and the coaxial cable 22 is arranged in the electrode holder 24, and the surface of the electrode holder is protected by insulation, seepage prevention and wear resistance. The upper end of the coaxial cable is connected with the insulation righting bearing 21 through a positioning key. The insulating bearing 21 of righting and the drill bit casing 23 interference fit, be equipped with stabilizing spring 26 between electrode holder 24 and the insulating bearing 21 of righting, electrode holder 24 front end is equipped with electrode protective housing 30.
The drill bit shell 23 is axially provided with a plurality of water holes, and the front ends of the water holes are fixedly provided with water hole nozzles 25. A plurality of gauge protection teeth 32 are fixed on the outer wall of the drill bit shell 23, and a plurality of PDC cutting teeth 31 are dispersedly arranged on the front end curved surface of the drill bit shell 23. The elastic force of the stabilizing spring 26 can push the electrode holder 24 forward, so that the high-voltage center electrode 29 and the low-voltage ground electrode 28 are always positioned at the front end of the cutting teeth 31 in the drilling direction. When the PDC drill bit rotates and moves downward, the PDC cutter 31 destroys and crushes the construction rock; the slurry flows out from the water hole nozzle 25 to provide a liquid medium environment for releasing the impact voltage for the low-voltage grounding electrode 28 and the high-voltage center electrode 29.
The impulse voltage rock breaking drill bit 1 is in threaded connection with the mud current sleeve 2, and the upper end of the coaxial cable 22 is connected with the current interruption mechanism 11 in the mud current sleeve 2. And a current frequency conversion mechanism 13 and a pulse generation mechanism 12 are arranged in the impulse voltage generator short circuit 3. And a lithium battery module 14 is arranged inside the lithium battery short circuit 4. A mandrel 15 is arranged at the center of the interior of the underground power generation short circuit 5, and a turbine stator and rotor 16 is arranged outside the mandrel 15. The coaxial cable 22 is connected with the current frequency conversion mechanism 13, the pulse generation mechanism 12, the lithium battery module 14 and the mandrel 15 in sequence.
A turbine stator and rotor 16 is arranged outside a central spindle 15 of the underground power generation short circuit 5, and when drilling fluid passes through the turbine stator and rotor 16, the turbine rotor is driven to rotate in a stator. The rotor forms a magnetic field through direct current, after the magnetic field rotates in the stator, magnetic lines of force cut coils in the stator, electric potentials are induced in the coils, voltage is formed at a generator terminal after the electric potentials of a plurality of coils are superposed, and current is output to the lithium battery short circuit 4. A lithium battery module 14 is arranged in the lithium battery short circuit 4, and is used for collecting and storing electric energy generated by the underground power generation short circuit 5 and providing a continuous and stable power supply for the impulse voltage generator short circuit 3; a current frequency conversion mechanism 13 and a pulse generation mechanism 12 are arranged in the impulse voltage generator short circuit 3, the current frequency conversion mechanism 13 adjusts the electric energy voltage transmitted by the lithium battery short circuit 4 to be within an applicable range, and the pulse generation mechanism 12 converts the electric energy into effective and available impulse voltage according to a certain rule; the current interruption mechanism 11 in the mud current casing 2 transmits the impact voltage to an electrode in the impact voltage rock breaking drill bit 1; the electrodes in the rock burst drill bit 1 transmit the impact voltage to the target rock, the target rock is damaged, the borehole gradually extends to the deep part of the stratum, and meanwhile, the rock burst drill bit 1 rotates to drive the PDC cutting teeth 31 and the gauge protection teeth 32 to further crush the target rock.
When the combined drilling tool is used for breaking rocks, when the drill bit is close to the rock in a construction stratum, the slurry pump is started, the circulating slurry flows to drive the underground power generation assembly to generate electric energy, the electric energy frequency conversion voltage boosting energy storage assembly generates continuous stable high-voltage electricity, electric pulses are transmitted to the drill bit through the servo control switch, an electrode on the drill bit is in contact with the rock in the construction stratum, instantaneous high temperature and stress waves generated by impact voltage in the rock are generated, and the rock is broken. The main power of the broken rock is that impact voltage generates high temperature and stress concentration in the rock, so that the target rock is damaged, but the well wall is irregular, and the function of pre-breaking is achieved. Then, the whole drill bit rotates to drive the cutting teeth 31 to further crush the target rock, and rock debris is guaranteed to move out of the bottom of the well while drilling well fluid; the drill bit rotates to drive the gauge teeth 32 to ensure well wall regularity, well diameter standard and quality.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a combination drilling tool that is used for hard formation to improve impulse voltage broken rock of mechanical drilling speed, includes the drill bit, its characterized in that: the drill bit is an impact voltage rock breaking drill bit (1), the upper end of the impact voltage rock breaking drill bit (1) is sequentially connected with a mud current sleeve (2), an impact voltage generator short circuit (3), a lithium battery short circuit (4) and an underground power generation short circuit (5) from bottom to top; the utility model discloses a mud current sleeve, including drill bit casing (3), the inside upper end of drill bit casing (3) is equipped with insulating bearing (21) of rightting, and the lower extreme is connected with spring housing (27), is connected with electrode holder (24) on spring housing (27), be connected with low voltage grounding electrode (28) and high-pressure center electrode (29) on electrode holder (24), and be connected with coaxial cable (22) on electrode holder (24), coaxial cable (22) upper end links to each other with insulating bearing (21) of righting, and coaxial cable (22) upper end links to each other with current interruption mechanism (11) in mud current sleeve (2).
2. The combination drill tool for percussive electric breakdown of hard formations to improve rate of penetration of claim 1, wherein: a stabilizing spring (26) is arranged between the electrode holder (24) and the insulating righting bearing (21), and an electrode protective shell (30) is arranged at the front end of the electrode holder (24).
3. The combination drill tool for percussive electric breakdown of hard formations to improve rate of penetration of claim 2, wherein: the drill bit shell (23) is axially provided with a plurality of water holes, and a water hole nozzle (25) is fixed at the front end of each water hole.
4. The combination drill tool for percussive electric breakdown of hard formations to improve rate of penetration of claim 3, wherein: gauge protection teeth (32) are fixed on the outer wall of the drill bit shell (23), and cutting teeth (31) are fixed on the periphery of the front end of the drill bit shell (23).
5. The combination drill tool for percussive electric breakdown of hard formations to improve rate of penetration of claim 4, wherein: and a current frequency conversion mechanism (13) and a pulse generation mechanism (12) are arranged in the impulse voltage generator short circuit (3).
6. The combination drill tool for percussive electric breakdown of hard formations to improve rate of penetration of claim 5, wherein: a mandrel (15) is arranged at the center of the interior of the underground power generation short circuit (5), and a turbine stator and rotor (16) is arranged outside the mandrel (15).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011399324.9A CN112343500A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving mechanical drilling speed of hard formation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011399324.9A CN112343500A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving mechanical drilling speed of hard formation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112343500A true CN112343500A (en) | 2021-02-09 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011399324.9A Pending CN112343500A (en) | 2020-12-02 | 2020-12-02 | Combined drilling tool for breaking rock by impact voltage for improving mechanical drilling speed of hard formation |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112343500A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113622895A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-09 | 西南石油大学 | Full-intelligent variable-frequency control variable-voltage drilling tool and control system |
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| CN103527077A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-22 | 长江大学 | Downhole turbine motor plasma drilling tool |
| CN107816317A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-20 | 中国矿业大学 | The fast drilling device and method that a kind of high electric field pulse mutually cooperates with power auger |
| US20190040685A1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-02-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill bit for downhole electrocrushing drilling |
| CN109577864A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-04-05 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of continuous pipe high electric field pulse-machinery combined drilling electrode drill bit |
| CN111119739A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | High-voltage pulse drill bit and rock breaking experimental device |
| US20200224498A1 (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-16 | China University Of Petroleum (East China) | Multi-path combined high-low voltage plasma drilling method, drill bit for drilling and drill bit apparatus for drilling |
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2020
- 2020-12-02 CN CN202011399324.9A patent/CN112343500A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103527077A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-01-22 | 长江大学 | Downhole turbine motor plasma drilling tool |
| US20190040685A1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2019-02-07 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Drill bit for downhole electrocrushing drilling |
| CN107816317A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-20 | 中国矿业大学 | The fast drilling device and method that a kind of high electric field pulse mutually cooperates with power auger |
| CN109577864A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2019-04-05 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of continuous pipe high electric field pulse-machinery combined drilling electrode drill bit |
| US20200224498A1 (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2020-07-16 | China University Of Petroleum (East China) | Multi-path combined high-low voltage plasma drilling method, drill bit for drilling and drill bit apparatus for drilling |
| CN111119739A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-08 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | High-voltage pulse drill bit and rock breaking experimental device |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113622895A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-09 | 西南石油大学 | Full-intelligent variable-frequency control variable-voltage drilling tool and control system |
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Application publication date: 20210209 |