CN112341958B - 可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112341958B
CN112341958B CN202011312658.8A CN202011312658A CN112341958B CN 112341958 B CN112341958 B CN 112341958B CN 202011312658 A CN202011312658 A CN 202011312658A CN 112341958 B CN112341958 B CN 112341958B
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谭志坚
董盛谊
蔡昌湧
吴双根
余旺
王朝云
易永健
曾粮斌
汪洪鹰
杨媛茹
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Abstract

本发明提供一种可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法,包括步骤:按氢键供体:氢键受体的摩尔比为1‑20:1的比例在80‑100℃下反应2‑4h,得到低共熔溶剂;其中,氢键供体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸和山梨酸中的至少一种;氢键受体为氯化胆碱、甜菜碱和氯化铵中的至少一种;将步骤S1中所得低共熔溶剂与甲醇按质量比为1:1的比例混合,然后加入低共熔溶剂质量的0.5%的偶氮二异丁腈,在无水无氧下,加热至70‑80℃,保温进行反应2‑4h,最后挥干甲醇,得到聚低共熔溶剂。本发明制备的粘合剂,可同时耐高温和耐低温,并且绿色环保、适用性强,在粘合剂领域具有巨大的潜力,而且制备方法简单易操作,适于工业化生产。

Description

可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及粘合剂制备技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法。
背景技术
粘合剂,是一种能将两种材料连接在一起的物质,主要有液态、膏状和固态三种类型。粘合剂在生产、生活中具有重大的作用,是最重要的辅助材料之一,在包装作业等领域应用极为广泛。目前,粘合剂主要成分为天然粘合剂和人工粘合剂,其中天然粘合剂主要包括生物粘合剂和矿物粘合剂,生物粘合剂主要是淀粉、蛋白质、糊精、动物胶、虫胶、皮胶、松香等;矿物粘合剂主要是沥青等。传统天然粘合剂存在粘性差、适用范围窄且粘附强度不大等缺点。人工粘合剂主要包括水玻璃等无机粘合剂以及合成树脂、合成橡胶等有机粘合剂,但人工合成粘合剂具有成本高、不环保、不可重复使用和含有一会发的有机溶剂以及难以同时耐高温和耐低温等缺点。因此,研发成本低、绿色环保、可重复利用、可同时耐高温耐低温的粘合剂具有重要的意义。
低共熔溶剂是近年来发展的一类新型绿色溶剂,它们通常是由氢键供体和氢键受体按照一定的化学计量比混合形成,组分之间通过静电作用、范德华力、氢键或离子键等互相作用缔合。低共熔溶剂具有离子液体的特性,也被称为“类离子液体”,绝大部分低共熔溶剂具有价格低廉、可生物降解、无毒无害、合成方法简单、不使用有机溶剂等优点,被认为是传统易挥发有机溶剂的替代品。一些低共熔溶剂虽具备较强的粘性,但是不适合在高温或低温下使用,因此应用范围较窄。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法,通过该方法将低共熔溶剂进行聚合,使粘合剂同时可耐高温和耐低温,在高温和低温条件下均可保持高的粘结强度,而且绿色环保。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
一种可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按氢键供体:氢键受体的摩尔比为1-20:1的比例在80-100℃下反应2-4h,得到低共熔溶剂;其中,氢键供体为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、巴豆酸、山梨酸中的至少一种;氢键受体为氯化胆碱、甜菜碱、氯化铵中的至少一种。
S2、将低共熔溶剂与甲醇按质量比为1:1的比例混合,然后加入低共熔溶剂质量的0.5%的偶氮二异丁腈,在无水无氧下,加热至70-80℃,保温进行反应2-4h后,挥干甲醇,得到聚低共熔溶剂。
在一些实施方式中,所述聚低共熔溶剂的分子量为2.56×104-3.75×104
在一些实施方式中,所述氢键供体为丙烯酸,氢键受体为氯化胆碱。
在一些实施方式中,所述氢键供体和氢键受体的摩尔比为1:1-20:1。
在一些实施方式中,所述聚低共熔溶剂的分子结构为:
Figure BDA0002790281000000021
其中,所述聚低共熔溶剂的分子量为2.56×104-3.75×104
相较于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明利用低共熔溶剂本身的高粘度特性,将低共熔溶剂在引发剂作用下进行加成反应生成聚合物(聚低共熔溶剂),对低共熔溶剂进行了改性,使所生成的聚合物具备更高的粘度,而且可同时耐高温和耐低温,并且绿色环保、适用性强,在粘合剂领域具有巨大的潜力。而且制备方法简单易操作,适于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1-7制成的粘合剂的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1-7制成的粘合剂的红外光谱图;
图3为本发明实施例1-7制成的粘合剂的XRD图;
图4为本发明实施例1-7制成的粘合剂的TG曲线;
图5为本发明实施例2、3、7制成的粘合剂的SEM图;
图6为本发明实施例2制成的粘合剂在液氮中测试粘结强度的示意图。
具体实施方式
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施的限制。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
实施例1-57
实施例1-57中的可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将氢键供体和氢键受体按比例加入圆底烧瓶,在80℃油浴锅中加热搅拌2h,制成低共熔溶剂;
S2、将步骤S1制成的低共熔溶剂与甲醇按质量1:1的比例混合,使低共熔溶剂溶于甲醇中,然后加入低共熔溶剂质量的0.5%的引发剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)在无水无氧下加热至70℃,保温进行聚合反应4h,再挥干甲醇,制得聚低共熔溶剂,即粘合剂;
其中,氢键供体和氢键受体的种类和配比具体如表1所示:
表1氢键供体和氢键受体种类及配比
Figure BDA0002790281000000041
Figure BDA0002790281000000051
Figure BDA0002790281000000061
将实施例1-7所制成的粘合剂进行结构表征,具体方法如下:
第一步,采用核磁氢谱和傅里叶红外光谱,确定7种粘合剂(以下为便于表达,根据实施例的编号顺序将制成的7种粘合剂对应编号:1-7号样)的化学结构,具体如图1和2所示;
第二步,采用粉末X单晶衍射仪,热重分析仪和差热扫描仪,研究7种粘合剂的晶型、热稳定性以及玻璃转化温度等物理性能,具体如图3、图4所示;并采用扫描电镜观察2号样、3号样和7号样的形貌,具体如图5所示;
第三步,采用流变仪,研究1-7号样在25℃下的粘弹性性能,并研究2号样在不同温度下的粘弹性性能,而且测试2号样在(-80)-80℃温度循环下的粘弹性性能;
第四步,测试2号样在超低温液氮中和高温200℃下粘弹性性能,具体如图6所示。
对实施例1-7号样进行粘性性能测试
第一步,采用拉伸仪,在温度25℃和湿度50-70%下,测试1-7号样对玻璃、有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯和铁块四种材料的粘附性能,测试结果如表2所示:
表2 7种粘合剂对4种材料的粘合性能
Figure BDA0002790281000000062
Figure BDA0002790281000000071
测试结果显示,7种粘合剂对4种材料都具有较好的粘合性能;优选2号样和6号样,即当氢键供体为丙烯酸,氢键受体为氯化胆碱,并且丙烯酸与氯化胆碱摩尔比为3:1或20:1时,对玻璃、聚四氟乙烯、有机玻璃和铁均具有较高的粘结力,综合粘结性能好,可同时应用于不同的基材。而7号样,为聚丙烯酸,虽然对有机玻璃和铁的粘结性能较高,但对玻璃和聚四氟乙烯的粘结强度较低,综合粘结性能较低,需在特定基材中使用,应用范围较窄。
第二步,选择2号样进行以下测试:
采用拉伸仪,测试了不同温度下(液氮下、-80℃、-20℃、4℃、25℃、80℃、150℃和200℃)和不同湿度下(湿度0%、20%、40%、60%、80%和95%),2号样对各种材料(玻璃、有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯和铁块)的粘附性能,具体如表3和表4所示。
表3 2号样在不同温度下的粘附强度
Figure BDA0002790281000000072
表4 2号样在不同湿度下的粘附强度(25℃)
Figure BDA0002790281000000073
第三步,测试2号样在在液氮不同时长的粘附强度,测试方式如如图6所示,测试结果如表5。
表5 2号样在液氮不同时长的粘附强度
Figure BDA0002790281000000081
第四步,测试2号样在液氮和200℃中循环的粘附强度,测试结果如表6所示。
表6 2号样在液氮和200℃中循环的粘附强度
Figure BDA0002790281000000082
综上所述,本发明所制备的粘合剂,呈半透明粘稠状,具有较高的粘度,而且在高温(200℃)和低温(-80℃)下使用均能保持较高的粘附强度,且不出现粘性下降或碳化的问题。作为优选的实施方案,当粘合剂的分子量在2.56×104-3.75×104时,粘合剂的粘附性能最佳,并且在不同的基材上均具备较好的粘附性能。
另外,本发明利用丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸等氢键供体在有机溶剂中溶解度高以及甲醇分子量低、沸点低的特点,通过将制成的低共熔溶剂先溶于甲醇中,然后在偶氮二异丁腈、无水无氧条件、70-80℃温度下发生加成反应制成粘合剂,一方面可使原料反应充分,另一方面甲醇沸点低、分子量低,在反应完成后可在原反应温度下挥干,使所制成的粘合剂纯度高且无气泡,有助于提高粘合剂的粘附性能。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (1)

1.一种可同时耐高温和耐低温的粘合剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按氢键供体:氢键受体的摩尔比为3:1的比例在80℃下在油浴锅中加热搅拌2h,得到低共熔溶剂;其中,所述氢键供体为丙烯酸;所述氢键受体为氯化胆碱;
S2、将步骤S1中所得低共熔溶剂与甲醇按质量比为1:1的比例混合,然后加入低共熔溶剂质量的0.5%的偶氮二异丁腈,在无水无氧下,加热至70℃,保温进行反应4h,最后挥干甲醇,得到聚低共熔溶剂;所述聚低共熔溶剂的分子量为3.69×104
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