CN112338152A - Method for measuring temperature of liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and shell - Google Patents
Method for measuring temperature of liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN112338152A CN112338152A CN202011326684.6A CN202011326684A CN112338152A CN 112338152 A CN112338152 A CN 112338152A CN 202011326684 A CN202011326684 A CN 202011326684A CN 112338152 A CN112338152 A CN 112338152A
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- liquid metal
- thermocouple
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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Abstract
A method for measuring the temp of directionally solidified cast or shell cooled by liquid metal includes such steps as designing the structure and size of ceramic shell, chilling plate and supporting frame to form a ceramic protecting tube, installing the ceramic shell, sleeving thermocouple on the first and second insulating ceramic joints, inserting the protecting tube in the protecting tube, fixing the protecting tube on supporting frame, sealing the gap between protecting tube and thermocouple, sticking a layer of ceramic slurry to the measuring end of thermocouple, inserting it in the hole, and fixing it to the protecting layer. The method eliminates the influence of ceramic shell cracks on temperature measurement, does not generate large stress in the thermocouple protective layer, is not easy to crack, and is applied to the technical field of casting for preparing single crystal/directional high-temperature alloy blades by a liquid metal cooling method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the temperature of a liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and a shell in the technical field of casting of single crystal/directional high-temperature alloy blades prepared by a liquid metal cooling method, in particular to the temperature measurement of the casting and the shell in the liquid metal cooling directional solidification process.
Background
At present, with the development of gas turbines, the demand for large-size oriented and single crystal castings is increasing, and therefore liquid metal cooling and directional solidification processes for producing large-size oriented and single crystal castings are also receiving more and more attention. In the process of cooling and orienting the high-temperature alloy liquid metal, heat exchange is complex, and the process is analyzed by means of numerical simulation software, so that the method becomes a solidification process parameter design and optimization method adopted by most researchers. When the numerical simulation technology is used for researching the cooling directional solidification process of the liquid metal, calculating the actual temperature change curve of the casting or the shell in the domain is important experimental data. In the process of cooling and directional solidification of liquid metal, castings and shells need to be immersed into the liquid metal at about 300 ℃ from the environment of 1500-1600 ℃ (tin cooling), the process has large thermal shock, and the protection requirement on temperature thermocouples is high.
A number of documents disclose cooling curves for castings during cooling and directional solidification of liquid metals, but few documents describe in detail the methods of temperature measurement. Patent publication No. CN102507033A discloses a temperature measuring method for a casting in a liquid metal cooling directional solidification process, which comprises the following steps: or the thermocouple is embedded in the casting shell, so that the influence of a temperature measurement test on the temperature change in the casting solidification process is increased, the shell cracks are caused after the casting is partially solidified, and the thermocouple is easily short-circuited; or the whole ceramic insulating tube is used for protection, cracks are easy to generate at the thermocouple sealing position due to the large difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the insulating tube and the shell in the temperature measurement experiment process, and liquid metal for cooling enters the protecting tube to short circuit the thermocouple. The method comprises the following steps of: the corrugated pipe is adopted for sealing, cracks are easy to generate at the sealing position of the thermocouple due to the large difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the sealing material and the metal pipe in the temperature measurement experiment process, and liquid metal for cooling enters the protective pipe to short circuit the thermocouple. Therefore, the development of a method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and the shell is a new problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the temperature of a liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and a shell, wherein the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate are adopted to seal the position of a thermocouple in a heat preservation furnace, rather than embedding the thermocouple in the shell of the casting, so that the influence of a temperature measurement test on the temperature change of the casting in the solidification process is reduced to the maximum extent; the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate are adopted for sealing, but a ceramic insulating tube is not adopted for protecting the thermocouple at the position inside the heat preservation furnace, and a formed ceramic tube is adopted for protecting the thermocouple at the position outside the heat preservation furnace, but a stainless steel corrugated tube is adopted for protecting the thermocouple; bending times during thermocouple wiring are reduced, and the risk of sealing layer cracks is reduced.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and a shell comprise a liquid metal container for cooling, liquid metal for cooling, a floating heat insulation baffle, a heat preservation furnace, a graphite heating element, a ceramic shell, a chilling plate, a bracket, a pipe hoop, a thermocouple, a ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer, a first ceramic insulation joint, a second ceramic insulation joint and a formed ceramic protection pipe, wherein the liquid metal for cooling is arranged in the liquid metal container for cooling, the floating heat insulation baffle is arranged on the liquid metal container for cooling and the liquid metal for cooling, the chilling plate and the bracket are arranged in the liquid metal container for cooling, the ceramic shell is arranged on the chilling plate, the heat preservation furnace is arranged on the outer circumferences of the ceramic shell and the chilling plate, the graphite heating element is arranged in the heat preservation furnace, the pipe hoop is arranged outside the bracket, the formed ceramic protection pipe is arranged on the bracket, the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protection layer are arranged at an opening of the formed ceramic protection pipe, arranging a first ceramic insulating joint and a second ceramic insulating joint in the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protective layer;
the method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and the shell comprises the following implementation steps:
(a) designing and manufacturing a formed ceramic protection tube according to the structures and the sizes of the ceramic shell, the chilling plate and the bracket;
(b) after the ceramic shell is installed and fastened, the thermocouple sleeve is sleeved with the first ceramic insulating joint and the second ceramic insulating joint and penetrates into the formed ceramic protection tube; fixing a pipe hoop for a formed ceramic protection pipe on a bracket; sealing and molding a gap between the ceramic protection tube and the thermocouple by using the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protection layer;
(c) dipping a layer of ceramic slurry on the measuring end of the thermocouple, inserting the thermocouple into a preformed hole of the shell, and fixing the thermocouple with the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer; the part of the thermocouple in the heat preservation furnace is sealed by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer; after the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer are air-dried, a test can be carried out;
a molded ceramic protection tube is adopted to protect the part of the thermocouple outside the holding furnace;
the ceramic protection tube is manufactured by adopting an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, the manufacturing material is the same as that of the ceramic shell, and the tube wall thickness of the ceramic protection tube is 5-10 mm;
sealing the part of the thermocouple in the heat preservation furnace by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protection layer; the sealing process adopts an investment casting silica sol shell-making process, the manufacturing materials are the same as those of a ceramic shell, and the thickness of the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer sealing layer is 3-10 mm;
the thermocouple penetrates through the ceramic shell and is insulated by adopting a second ceramic insulation joint, the outer sealing process of the second ceramic insulation joint adopts an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, and the manufacturing material is the same as that of the ceramic shell;
the second ceramic insulation joint adopts a high-purity aluminum oxide double-hole ceramic tube with the purity of more than 99 percent;
the thermocouple is vertically arranged in the formed ceramic protection tube after being bent for one time, and the transverse distance between the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protection layer and the outer surface of the ceramic shell is more than 20 mm.
The key point of the invention is a protection method of a temperature thermocouple.
Compared with the prior art, the method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and the shell has the advantages that:
(a) the thermocouple has no exposed part in the heat preservation furnace, prevents carbon volatilized by the graphite heating body from corroding the thermocouple in a vacuum high-temperature state, and can be applied to a liquid metal cooling and directional solidification process with low drawing speed (long directional solidification time);
(b) in the heat preservation furnace, the ceramic slurry of the thermocouple is separated from the refractory aggregate protective layer and the shell, so that the influence of the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer on a casting temperature field is reduced, and the influence of ceramic shell cracks on temperature measurement is eliminated;
(c) the ceramic slurry of the thermocouple, the refractory aggregate protective layer and the formed ceramic protective tube are made of the same material as the ceramic shell, the thermal expansion rates of the ceramic slurry, the refractory aggregate protective layer and the formed ceramic protective tube are similar to those of the ceramic shell in the directional solidification process, and the thermocouple protective layer does not generate large stress and is not easy to crack;
the method can be widely applied to the technical field of casting of monocrystal/directional high-temperature alloy blades prepared by a liquid metal cooling method.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings, a liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and a shell comprise a liquid metal container (1) for cooling, liquid metal (2) for cooling, a floating heat insulation baffle (3), a heat preservation furnace (4), a graphite heating body (5), a ceramic shell (6), a chilling plate (7), a bracket (8), a pipe hoop (9), a thermocouple (10), a ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protective layer (11), a first ceramic insulation joint (12), a second ceramic insulation joint (13) and a formed ceramic protection pipe (14), wherein the liquid metal (2) for cooling is arranged in the liquid metal container (1) for cooling, the floating heat insulation baffle (3) is arranged on the liquid metal container (1) for cooling and the liquid metal (2) for cooling, the chilling plate (7) and the bracket (8) are arranged in the liquid metal container (1) for cooling, the ceramic shell (6) is arranged on the chilling plate (7), the ceramic shell and chilling plate combined heat-insulating furnace is characterized in that a heat-insulating furnace (4) is arranged on the outer circumference of a ceramic shell (6) and a chilling plate (7), a graphite heating body (5) is arranged in the heat-insulating furnace (4), a pipe hoop (9) is arranged outside a bracket (8), a formed ceramic protection pipe (14) is arranged on the bracket (8), a ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11) is arranged at an opening of the formed ceramic protection pipe (14), and a first ceramic insulation joint (12) and a second ceramic insulation joint (13) are arranged in the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11).
The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and the shell comprises the following implementation steps:
(a) designing and manufacturing a formed ceramic protection pipe (14) according to the structures and the sizes of the ceramic shell (6), the chilling plate (7) and the bracket (8);
(b) after the ceramic shell (6) is installed and fastened, a thermocouple (10) is sleeved on a first ceramic insulating joint (12) and a second ceramic insulating joint (13) and penetrates into a formed ceramic protection tube (14); fixing the formed ceramic protection tube (14) on the bracket (8) by using a tube hoop (9); sealing and molding a gap between the ceramic protection tube 14 and the thermocouple (10) by using ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protection layer (11);
(c) the measuring end of the thermocouple is dipped with a layer of ceramic slurry and then inserted into a preformed hole of the shell, and the ceramic slurry is fixed with a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); the part of the thermocouple (10) positioned in the holding furnace (4) is sealed by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); after the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) are air-dried, a test can be carried out.
And a formed ceramic protection tube (14) is adopted to protect the part of the thermocouple (10) outside the holding furnace (4).
The ceramic protection tube (14) is manufactured by adopting an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, the manufacturing material is the same as that of the ceramic shell (6), and the wall thickness of the ceramic protection tube (14) is 5-10 mm.
Sealing the part of the thermocouple (10) positioned in the holding furnace (4) by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); the sealing process adopts an investment casting silica sol shell making process, the making materials are the same as those of the ceramic shell (6), and the thickness of the sealing layer of the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) is 3-10 mm.
The thermocouple (10) penetrates through the ceramic shell (6) and is insulated by a second ceramic insulation joint (13), the outer sealing process of the second ceramic insulation joint (13) adopts an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, and the manufacturing materials are the same as those of the ceramic shell (6).
The second ceramic insulation joint (13) adopts a high-purity aluminum oxide double-hole ceramic tube with the purity of more than 99 percent.
The thermocouple (10) is positioned outside the ceramic shell (6) and vertically enters the formed ceramic protection tube (14) after being bent for one time, and the transverse distance between the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11) and the outer surface of the ceramic shell (6) is more than 20 mm.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples:
(a) designing and manufacturing a formed ceramic protection pipe (14) according to the structures and relative positions of the ceramic shell (6), the chilling plate (7) and the bracket (8);
(b) after the ceramic shell (6) is roasted, a through hole with the diameter of about 3mm is drilled at the position where the thermocouple (10) needs to be placed (when the temperature of the ceramic shell (6) is measured, the small hole is a blind hole). WRe5-26 thermocouple (10) with wire diameter of 0.5mm was used for the experiment;
(c) after the thermocouple (10) penetrates into a first ceramic insulating joint (12) and a second ceramic insulating joint (13) with proper lengths, numbering the thermocouple (10);
(d) after each thermocouple (10) is independently penetrated into each formed ceramic protection tube (14), the thermocouple is fixed on the bracket (8) by a tube hoop (9);
(f) after a layer of ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer (11) is adhered to the measuring end of the thermocouple (10), the thermocouple is inserted into a small hole of a ceramic shell (6), and a thermocouple head is exposed by 1-2mm in a cavity (the temperature of a casting is measured); detecting the thermocouple (10) by using a universal meter, and fixing the ceramic shell (6) and the thermocouple (10) on the bracket (8) if short circuit or open circuit does not exist; if short circuit or open circuit exists, replacing the thermocouple wire and repeating the steps 2-5;
(g) the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) are used, the materials such as powder, a binding agent, refractory aggregate and the like are required to be the same as the materials of the ceramic shell (6), and the exposed part of the thermocouple (10) and the gap between the second ceramic insulating joint (13) and the ceramic shell (6) are sealed according to the shell-making process of investment casting silica sol; connecting a compensation lead and a temperature measuring instrument; and (3) carrying out a temperature measurement experiment after the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) are dried.
The invention adopts the formed ceramic tube to protect the part of the temperature thermocouple (10) outside the holding furnace, adopts the ceramic slurry used for manufacturing the ceramic shell (6) and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) to seal the part of the thermocouple (10) inside the holding furnace (4), and reduces the difference of the thermal expansion rates of the ceramic shell (6) material and the thermocouple (10) protective material, thereby inhibiting the cracks of the thermocouple (10) protective layer in the directional solidification process, preventing the thermocouple (10) from being short-circuited by liquid metal for cooling in the directional solidification process, and obviously improving the success rate of temperature measurement.
Claims (8)
1. A liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and a shell comprise a liquid metal container (1) for cooling, liquid metal (2) for cooling, a floating heat insulation baffle (3), a heat preservation furnace (4), a graphite heating body (5), a ceramic shell (6), a chilling plate (7), a bracket (8), a pipe hoop (9), a thermocouple (10), a ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protective layer (11), a first ceramic insulation joint (12), a second ceramic insulation joint (13) and a formed ceramic protection pipe (14), wherein the liquid metal (2) for cooling is arranged in the liquid metal container (1) for cooling, the floating heat insulation baffle (3) is arranged on the liquid metal container (1) for cooling and the liquid metal (2) for cooling, the chilling plate (7) and the bracket (8) are arranged in the liquid metal container (1) for cooling, the ceramic shell (6) is arranged on the chilling plate (7), set up heat preservation stove (4) on the outer circumference of ceramic shell (6) and chill plate (7), set up graphite heat-generating body (5), its characterized in that in heat preservation stove (4): the pipe hoop (9) is arranged outside the bracket (8), the formed ceramic protection pipe (14) is arranged on the bracket (8), the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11) is arranged at the opening of the formed ceramic protection pipe (14), and the first ceramic insulation joint (12) and the second ceramic insulation joint (13) are arranged in the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11).
2. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooling directional solidification casting and the shell comprises the following implementation steps:
(a) designing and manufacturing a formed ceramic protection pipe (14) according to the structures and the sizes of the ceramic shell (6), the chilling plate (7) and the bracket (8);
(b) after the ceramic shell (6) is installed and fastened, a thermocouple (10) is sleeved on a first ceramic insulating joint (12) and a second ceramic insulating joint (13) and penetrates into a formed ceramic protection tube (14); fixing the formed ceramic protection tube (14) on the bracket (8) by using a tube hoop (9); sealing and molding a gap between the ceramic protection tube 14 and the thermocouple (10) by using ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protection layer (11);
(c) the measuring end of the thermocouple is dipped with a layer of ceramic slurry and then inserted into a preformed hole of the shell, and the ceramic slurry is fixed with a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); the part of the thermocouple (10) positioned in the holding furnace (4) is sealed by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); after the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) are air-dried, a test can be carried out.
3. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and a formed ceramic protection tube (14) is adopted to protect the part of the thermocouple (10) outside the holding furnace (4).
4. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the ceramic protection tube (14) is manufactured by adopting an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, the manufacturing material is the same as that of the ceramic shell (6), and the wall thickness of the ceramic protection tube (14) is 5-10 mm.
5. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: sealing the part of the thermocouple (10) positioned in the holding furnace (4) by adopting ceramic slurry and a refractory aggregate protective layer (11); the sealing process adopts an investment casting silica sol shell making process, the making materials are the same as those of the ceramic shell (6), and the thickness of the sealing layer of the ceramic slurry and the refractory aggregate protective layer (11) is 3-10 mm.
6. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the thermocouple (10) penetrates through the ceramic shell (6) and is insulated by a second ceramic insulation joint (13), the outer sealing process of the second ceramic insulation joint (13) adopts an investment casting silica sol shell manufacturing process, and the manufacturing materials are the same as those of the ceramic shell (6).
7. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the second ceramic insulation joint (13) adopts a high-purity aluminum oxide double-hole ceramic tube with the purity of more than 99 percent.
8. The method for measuring the temperature of the liquid metal cooled directionally solidified casting and shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the thermocouple (10) is positioned outside the ceramic shell (6) and vertically enters the formed ceramic protection tube (14) after being bent for one time, and the transverse distance between the ceramic slurry and refractory aggregate protection layer (11) and the outer surface of the ceramic shell (6) is more than 20 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113351829A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-07 | 泰州市金鹰精密铸造有限公司 | Manufacturing process and testing method of single crystal blade |
| CN113533014A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-10-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of internal control standard sample for spectral analysis of cast superalloy |
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| CN113533014B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-07-26 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of internal control standard sample for spectral analysis of cast superalloy |
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| CN112338152B (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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