CN112332700A - Self-generating power supply for monitoring wind driven generator blade - Google Patents
Self-generating power supply for monitoring wind driven generator blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN112332700A CN112332700A CN202011274371.0A CN202011274371A CN112332700A CN 112332700 A CN112332700 A CN 112332700A CN 202011274371 A CN202011274371 A CN 202011274371A CN 112332700 A CN112332700 A CN 112332700A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraflufen-ethyl Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(C=2C(=C(OC(F)F)N(C)N=2)Cl)=C1F APTZNLHMIGJTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003813 thumb Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/185—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators using fluid streams
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种风力发电机叶片监测用自发电电源，属压电发电领域。悬臂轴上自右至左依次设有法兰、平轴和摆轴，法兰装在风力发电机的叶片上，壳体立壁装在平轴上，摆轴置于壳体内，壳体筒壁端部装有端盖、外侧装有惯性块，平轴线和摆轴线在同一平面内的夹角称摆轴倾角，筒壁内侧经隔板装有压电振子，隔板板体两侧设有由电极层和摩擦层构成的复合膜；压电振子由基板和压电片粘接而成，压电振子位于隔板两侧且其基板与复合膜的摩擦层正对安装；摆轴上套有摆圈，摆圈外缘上设有拨环，拨环位于隔板与两组压电振子围成的空间内；基板和压电片构成压电发电单元，基板和复合膜构成摩擦发电单元，压电发电单元和摩擦发电单元经不同的整流器与电路板连接。
The invention relates to a self-generating power source for monitoring wind turbine blades, belonging to the field of piezoelectric power generation. The cantilever shaft is provided with a flange, a flat shaft and a swing shaft in sequence from right to left. The flange is installed on the blade of the wind turbine, the vertical wall of the casing is installed on the flat shaft, the swing shaft is placed in the casing, and the cylindrical wall of the casing is installed on the flat shaft. The end is equipped with an end cover, the outer side is equipped with an inertia block, the included angle between the flat axis and the pendulum axis in the same plane is called the pendulum axis inclination angle, the inner side of the cylinder wall is equipped with a piezoelectric vibrator through the partition, and the two sides of the partition plate are equipped with a piezoelectric vibrator. A composite film composed of an electrode layer and a friction layer; the piezoelectric vibrator is formed by bonding a substrate and a piezoelectric sheet, the piezoelectric vibrator is located on both sides of the separator, and the substrate and the friction layer of the composite film are installed directly; the upper sleeve of the pendulum shaft There is a pendulum ring, and a dial ring is arranged on the outer edge of the pendulum ring, and the dial ring is located in the space enclosed by the partition plate and the two groups of piezoelectric vibrators; the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet constitute a piezoelectric power generation unit, and the substrate and the composite film constitute a friction power generation unit , the piezoelectric generating unit and the triboelectric generating unit are connected with the circuit board through different rectifiers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy and power generation, and particularly relates to a self-generating power supply for monitoring a wind driven generator blade.
Background
The blades are key parts for receiving wind energy and converting the wind energy into kinetic energy of the wind driven generator, and determine the reliability and the service life of the generator. Because the blade usually works in a severe environment and the self structure size, the weight, the working load and the like are large, the blade cannot be damaged due to natural corrosion, abrasion, fatigue stress and the like except the damage due to the thunderbolt, the earthquake and the like which cannot resist the natural disasters and the like. Practice shows that one third of accidents in the running process of the wind driven generator are caused by blade damage, so that the health monitoring of the wind driven generator blade is not slow. With the increasing length of the blades of the wind driven generators and the increasing number of the wind driven generators, the conventional method of regularly checking and maintaining by manpower cannot meet the production requirement. Therefore, various wind driven generator blade health state monitoring methods and corresponding self-generating power supplies are proposed, but the existing self-generating power supply is limited by relevant factors such as reliability, generating capacity and electromagnetic compatibility, and the on-line monitoring technology of the wind driven generator blade is not widely applied.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-generating power supply for monitoring blades of a wind driven generator, which adopts the following implementation scheme: the piezoelectric vibrator mainly comprises a shell, an end cover, a cantilever shaft, a piezoelectric vibrator, a partition plate, a swing ring, a rolling body, a fixed ring and an inertia block.
A flange, a flat shaft and a swing shaft are sequentially arranged on the cantilever shaft from right to left, and an included angle formed by the flat shaft line and the swing shaft line in the same plane is called a swing shaft inclination angle; the flange is arranged on a blade of the wind driven generator through a screw, and the blade is arranged on a main shaft of the generator; the vertical wall of the shell is arranged on the flat shaft through a bearing and a clamp spring, and the vertical wall is provided with a circuit board through a screw; the end part of the cylinder wall of the shell is provided with an end cover through a screw, the outer side of the cylinder wall is provided with an inertia block through a screw, the inner side of the cylinder wall is provided with two groups of piezoelectric vibrators through a screw, a pressure ring and a partition plate, one end of each piezoelectric vibrator is fixed, and the other end of each piezoelectric vibrator is free; fan-shaped composite membranes are uniformly arranged on two sides of a plate body of the partition plate, each composite membrane consists of an electrode layer and a friction layer, the electrode layers are positioned between the plate body and the friction layers, and the friction layers are made of polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like; the piezoelectric vibrators are formed by bonding equal-thickness substrates and piezoelectric sheets, the substrates are made of metal, the two groups of piezoelectric vibrators are positioned on two sides of the partition plate, and the substrates of the piezoelectric vibrators are installed opposite to the friction layer of the composite film; the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet of the piezoelectric vibrator form a piezoelectric power generation unit, the composite film and the piezoelectric vibrators on two sides of the composite film form a friction pair, the substrate and the composite film form a friction power generation unit, and the substrate and the electrode layer are two electrodes of the friction power generation unit; the piezoelectric power generation unit and the friction power generation unit are connected with the circuit board p through different rectifiers.
The swing shaft is arranged in the shell, the swing shaft is sleeved with a swing ring through a fixed ring and a rolling body, the rolling body is a ball or a roller, and the fixed ring is sleeved on the swing shaft and fixed through a screw and a pressure plate; the outer edge of the swing ring is provided with a shifting ring, the shifting ring is positioned in a space enclosed by the partition board and the two groups of piezoelectric vibrators, the thickness of the shifting ring is the same as that of the partition board, the symmetric geometric centers of the shifting ring and the partition board after installation are the same, and the symmetric geometric centers of the shifting ring and the partition board coincide with the intersection point of the flat axis and the swing axis.
When the wind driven generator works, namely when the blades of the wind driven generator drive the cantilever shaft to rotate along with the main shaft of the generator, the shell, the piezoelectric vibrator, the partition plate and the like which are arranged in the shell are in relative rotation relation with the cantilever shaft under the action of the inertia force of the inertia block, namely do not rotate along with the cantilever shaft; on the other hand, when the cantilever shaft rotates, the swing ring and the swing shaft rotate relatively and generate reciprocating swing which enables the swing ring to swing along the axial direction of the swing shaft in a reciprocating mode, the shifting ring of the swing ring forces the piezoelectric vibrator to generate reciprocating bending deformation and contact and separate with the partition plate repeatedly, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy in the bending deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator and the contact and separation processes of the substrate and the friction layer, each piezoelectric power generation unit and each friction power generation unit are connected with the circuit board through different rectifiers, the generated electric energy is stored or supplied to the sensor after being processed by the conversion circuit on the circuit board, and the sensor obtains relevant system parameters in real time and then emits the relevant system parameters through the emission unit on the circuit board.
The process that the piezoelectric vibrator generates bending deformation and converts mechanical energy into electric energy is called piezoelectric power generation, and the positive piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material is utilized; the process of contacting and separating the substrate and the friction layer and converting mechanical energy into electric energy is called friction power generation, and the triboelectric effect is utilized, so that the generator is a generator formed by friction power generation and piezoelectric power generation.
In the invention, for a certain two piezoelectric vibrators which are oppositely arranged, when the rotation of the cantilever shaft leads the swinging amount of the shifting ring to be maximum, the piezoelectric vibrator on one side of the partition plate is contacted with the shifting ring and has the maximum bending deformation amount, the substrate is separated from the friction layer on the partition plate, the piezoelectric vibrator on the other side is reset under the action of the elastic force of the piezoelectric vibrator, the deformation amount is zero, and the substrate is propped against the friction layer of the partition plate; then, along with the rotation of the cantilever shaft, the swinging amount of the dial ring and the deformation amount of the dial ring contacting with the piezoelectric vibrator are gradually reduced, the substrate is gradually contacted with the adjacent friction layer, and when the cantilever shaft rotates by 90 degrees, the substrate of the piezoelectric vibrator is completely attached to the adjacent friction layer; when the cantilever shaft further rotates, the piezoelectric vibrator originally contacted with the shifting ring is static; the piezoelectric vibrator on the other side starts to be in contact with the shifting ring, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is increased along with the rotation of the cantilever shaft, the contact area of the piezoelectric vibrator and the friction layer is reduced along with the rotation of the cantilever shaft, the swinging amount of the shifting ring and the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator reach the maximum when the cantilever shaft rotates 180 degrees, and the piezoelectric vibrator is separated from the composite film.
In the invention, the piezoelectric vibrator only deforms towards the direction of causing the piezoelectric sheet to bear the compressive stress, so that the piezoelectric sheet can be prevented from bearing the tensile stress; the maximum deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator is smaller than the allowable value, and the relationship between the radius R of the dial ring and the tilt angle Q of the swing shaft is as follows: r sinQ-0.5H (1-cosQ) is not more than delta*Wherein:
is an allowable amount of deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator,
h is the thickness of the substrate, beta ═ Em/Ep，EmAnd EpYoung's moduli, k, of the substrate and the piezoelectric sheet, respectively31And
the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric material are respectively, L is the length of the bendable part of the piezoelectric vibrator, H is the thickness of the shifting ring, and eta is a correction coefficient related to the thickness of the adhesive layer.
Advantages and features: piezoelectric power generation and friction power generation are organically combined, the structure and the excitation process are simple, the excitation process is reliable, and no electromagnetic interference exists; the piezoelectric vibrators are subjected to unidirectional constant-amplitude excitation at various rotating speeds, and the piezoelectric sheets only bear the pressure stress with controllable magnitude, so that the piezoelectric vibrator is high in reliability, wide in effective frequency band and strong in power generation and supply capacity; the friction power generation unit is in a contact separation type, so that friction and abrasion caused by sliding friction of a friction pair are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-generating power supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the cantilever shaft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a wobble ring according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a spacer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a left side view of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the self-generating power supply after the cantilever shaft in fig. 1 rotates 180 degrees.
Detailed Description
A self-generating power supply for monitoring a wind driven generator blade mainly comprises a shell a, an end cover b, a cantilever shaft c, a piezoelectric vibrator d, a partition plate e, a swing ring G, a rolling body h, a fixed ring n and an inertia block G.
A flange c1, a flat shaft c2 and a swing shaft c3 are sequentially arranged on the cantilever shaft c from right to left, and an included angle Q between a flat shaft line c4 and a swing shaft line c5 in the same plane is called a swing shaft inclination angle; the flange c1 is installed on a blade Y of the wind driven generator through a screw, and the blade Y is installed on a main shaft Z of the generator; the vertical wall a1 of the shell a is mounted on the flat shaft c2 through a bearing k and a snap spring j, and the vertical wall a1 is provided with a circuit board p through a screw; an end cover b is arranged at the end part of a cylinder wall a2 of the shell a through a screw, an inertia block G is arranged at the outer side of the cylinder wall a2 through a screw, two groups of piezoelectric vibrators d are arranged at the inner side of the cylinder wall a2 through a screw, a pressing ring f and a partition plate e, and one end of each piezoelectric vibrator d is fixed while the other end is free; fan-shaped composite membranes E are uniformly arranged on two sides of a plate body E1 of the partition plate E, each composite membrane E is composed of an electrode layer E2 and a friction layer E3, the electrode layer E2 is located between the plate body E1 and the friction layer E3, and the friction layer E3 is made of polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like; the piezoelectric vibrators d are formed by bonding a substrate d1 and a piezoelectric sheet d2 which are of equal thickness, the substrate d1 is made of metal, the two groups of piezoelectric vibrators d are positioned on two sides of the partition plate E, and the substrate d1 of the piezoelectric vibrators d is installed opposite to the friction layer E3 of the composite membrane E; the substrate d1 and the piezoelectric sheet d2 of the piezoelectric vibrator d form a piezoelectric power generation unit, the composite film E and the piezoelectric vibrators d on two sides of the composite film E form a friction pair, the substrate d1 and the composite film E form a friction power generation unit, and the substrate d1 and the electrode layer E2 are two electrodes of the friction power generation unit; the piezoelectric power generation unit and the friction power generation unit are connected with the circuit board p through different rectifiers.
The swing shaft c3 is arranged in the shell a, a swing ring g is sleeved on the swing shaft c3 through a fixed ring n and a rolling body h, the rolling body h is a ball or a roller, and the fixed ring n is sleeved on the swing shaft c3 and fixed through a screw and a pressure plate i; the outer edge of the swing ring g is provided with a shifting ring g1, the shifting ring g1 is located in a space enclosed by the partition plate e and the two groups of piezoelectric vibrators d, the thicknesses of the shifting ring g1 and the partition plate e are the same, the symmetric geometric centers of the shifting ring g1 and the partition plate e after installation are the same, and the symmetric geometric centers of the shifting ring g1 and the partition plate e are superposed with the intersection point o of the flat axis c4 and the swing axis c 5.
When the wind driven generator works, namely when the blades Y of the wind driven generator drive the cantilever shaft c to rotate along with the main shaft Z of the generator, the shell a, the piezoelectric vibrator d, the partition plate e and the like which are arranged in the shell a are in a relative rotation relation with the cantilever shaft c under the action of the inertia force of the inertia block G, namely do not rotate along with the cantilever shaft c; on the other hand, when the cantilever shaft c rotates, the swing ring g and the swing shaft c3 rotate relatively and generate reciprocating swing of the swing ring g along the axial direction of the swing shaft c3, the shifting ring g1 of the swing ring g forces the piezoelectric vibrator d to generate reciprocating bending deformation and to repeatedly contact and separate with the partition plate e, mechanical energy is converted into electric energy in the bending deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator d and the contact and separation processes of the substrate d1 and the friction layer e3, each piezoelectric power generation unit and each friction power generation unit are connected with the circuit board p through different rectifiers, the generated electric energy is processed by a conversion circuit on the circuit board p and then stored or supplied to a sensor, and the sensor acquires relevant system parameters in real time and then emits the relevant system parameters through an emitting unit on the circuit board p.
The process that the piezoelectric vibrator d generates bending deformation and converts mechanical energy into electric energy is called piezoelectric power generation, and the positive piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material is utilized; the process of contacting and separating the substrate d1 and the friction layer e3 and converting mechanical energy into electric energy is called triboelectric power generation, and the triboelectric effect is utilized, so the generator of the invention is a generator consisting of the triboelectric power generation and the piezoelectric power generation.
In the invention, for a certain two piezoelectric vibrators d which are oppositely arranged, when the cantilever shaft c rotates to enable the swinging amount of the shifting ring g1 to be maximum, the piezoelectric vibrator d on one side of the partition plate e is in contact with the shifting ring g1 and has the maximum bending deformation amount, the substrate d1 is separated from the friction layer e3 on the partition plate e, the piezoelectric vibrator d on the other side is reset under the action of the self elastic force, the deformation amount is zero, and the substrate d1 abuts against the friction layer e3 of the partition plate e; then, as the cantilever shaft c rotates, the swinging amount of the dial ring g1 and the deformation amount of the piezoelectric vibrator d contacting with the dial ring g1 gradually decrease, the substrate d1 gradually contacts with the adjacent friction layer e3, and when the cantilever shaft rotates by 90 degrees, the substrate d1 of the piezoelectric vibrator d is completely attached to the adjacent friction layer; when the cantilever shaft c further rotates, the piezoelectric vibrator d which originally contacts with the dial ring g1 is still; the piezoelectric vibrator d on the other side starts to contact with the dial ring g1, the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator d increases along with the rotation of the cantilever shaft c, the contact area of the piezoelectric vibrator d with the friction layer E3 decreases along with the rotation of the cantilever shaft c, the swinging amount of the dial ring g1 and the deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator d reach the maximum when the cantilever shaft c rotates 180 degrees, and the piezoelectric vibrator d is separated from the composite film E.
In the invention, the piezoelectric vibrator d only deforms towards the direction of causing the piezoelectric sheet d2 to bear the compressive stress, so that the piezoelectric sheet d2 can be prevented from bearing the tensile stress; the maximum deformation of the piezoelectric vibrator d is less than the allowable value, and the radius R and the swing axis inclination of the dial ring g1The relationship of angle Q is: r sinQ-0.5H (1-cosQ) is not more than delta*Wherein:
the allowable amount of deformation for the piezoelectric vibrator d,
h is the thickness of the substrate d1, and β ═ Em/Ep，EmAnd EpYoung's moduli, k, of the substrate d1 and the piezoelectric sheet d2, respectively31And
the electromechanical coupling coefficient and the allowable compressive stress of the piezoelectric material are respectively, L is the length of the bendable part of the piezoelectric vibrator d, H is the thickness of the thumb ring g1, and eta is a correction coefficient related to the thickness of the adhesive layer.
Claims (2)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011274371.0A CN112332700B (en) | 2020-11-15 | 2020-11-15 | A self-generating power supply for wind turbine blade monitoring |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011274371.0A CN112332700B (en) | 2020-11-15 | 2020-11-15 | A self-generating power supply for wind turbine blade monitoring |
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| CN112332700A true CN112332700A (en) | 2021-02-05 |
| CN112332700B CN112332700B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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2020
- 2020-11-15 CN CN202011274371.0A patent/CN112332700B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5280406A (en) * | 1992-06-18 | 1994-01-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Jet deposition of electrical charge on a dielectric surface |
| CN105680717A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-15 | 苏州大学 | Blade-type composite pneumatic energy collector |
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