CN112326464A - Double-notch rock shear strength testing device and testing method - Google Patents

Double-notch rock shear strength testing device and testing method Download PDF

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CN112326464A
CN112326464A CN202011332879.1A CN202011332879A CN112326464A CN 112326464 A CN112326464 A CN 112326464A CN 202011332879 A CN202011332879 A CN 202011332879A CN 112326464 A CN112326464 A CN 112326464A
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shear
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CN112326464B (en
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赵延林
常乐
谭涛
任升
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Hunan University of Science and Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/24Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试装置,包括压力系统、试件装置、弹簧装置、辊组装置和控制系统;试件装置为双缺口岩石试件,岩石试件放置在辊组装置中,然后放入试验机压台正中心处,试验机压台上方是压力系统,两侧有侧压系统,岩石试件的两个缺口内设有弹簧装置,弹簧装置包括弹簧和轴向力传感器,弹簧两端分别固定在岩石试件缺口顶部和轴向力传感器上,所述控制系统包括电脑主机、电脑显示器,所述轴向力传感器接入电脑主机,电脑主机与电脑显示器相连。本发明采用双缺口岩石试件进行试验,弥补了常规剪切试验条件复杂的不足,并且试验操作简单、试件加工安装方便,为研究提供了便利,试验实分析数据少,可以较为快速地得出试验结果。

Figure 202011332879

The invention discloses a double-notch rock shear strength test device, comprising a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller group device and a control system; the test piece device is a double-notch rock test piece, and the rock test piece is placed on the roller group. In the device, it is placed in the center of the pressing table of the testing machine. Above the pressing table of the testing machine is a pressure system, and there are lateral pressure systems on both sides. There are spring devices in the two notches of the rock specimen. The spring devices include springs and axial The two ends of the spring are respectively fixed on the top of the notch of the rock specimen and the axial force sensor. The control system includes a computer host and a computer monitor. The axial force sensor is connected to the computer host, and the computer host is connected to the computer monitor. The invention adopts the double-notched rock specimen for the test, which makes up for the deficiency of the complicated conditions of the conventional shear test, and the test operation is simple, the specimen processing and installation are convenient, and the research is facilitated. out the test results.

Figure 202011332879

Description

Double-gap rock shear strength testing device and testing method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geology, in particular to a double-gap rock shear strength testing device and a testing method.
Background
The problem of shearing instability and damage of rock slopes is often faced in various projects such as civil and architectural engineering, water conservancy and hydropower, railways, highways, mining and the like, and the problems are related to the shearing force borne by rock and soil bodies. The shear strength theory is a foundation stone of soil mechanics, is also a theoretical basis of slope stability analysis, and provides important theoretical parameters for rock mass shear strength stability calculation and slope design. The rock mass shear strength is one of important mechanical indexes of the rock mass, is directly related to the stability and safe use of engineering structures, and has important significance for the smooth implementation of engineering construction. The existing shear strength test basically adopts a three-axis test and a direct shear test, and a variable angle shear method is also commonly used in the fields of metallurgy and energy to test the shear strength of rocks. The test conditions required by the methods are complex, and the test equipment occupies a large area and is sometimes difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a double-gap rock shear strength testing device which is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and provides a double-gap rock shear strength testing method.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device and a control system; the test piece device is the double-gap rock test piece through processing, and the rock test piece is placed in the roller set device, and the roller set device is placed in the positive center of testing machine pressure table, and testing machine pressure table top is equipped with the top pressure system that is used for applying the top pressure to rock test piece pressure testing, and testing machine pressure table both sides are equipped with the side pressure system that is used for applying the side pressure to the rock test piece, all be equipped with one set of spring assembly in two notches of rock test piece, every set of spring assembly all includes a known spring of coefficient of elasticity and an axial force sensor, the spring both ends are fixed respectively on rock test piece breach top and axial force sensor, control system includes computer, computer display, and the axial force sensor that institute inserts computer, and computer links to each other with computer display.
The double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, the two L-shaped steel plates are mutually spliced to form a square frame for placing a rock test piece, the two outer sides of the two L-shaped steel plates are respectively provided with the vertical steel plate, the two vertical steel plates on the two sides are respectively provided with a lateral force sensor, a plurality of steel pipes are sequentially and longitudinally arranged between the outer sides of the L-shaped steel plates and the vertical steel plates from top to bottom, the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates, a lateral pressure system applies pressure to the vertical steel plates, the lateral pressure is transmitted to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes, and the lateral pressure is applied.
According to the double-gap rock shear strength testing device, the two gaps of the rock test piece are respectively distributed on the left side and the right side of the rock test piece one above the other.
According to the double-gap rock shear strength testing device, the rock test piece is 200mm in height, 100mm in width and 100mm in thickness; the middle part of the rock test piece is provided with a prefabricated crack, the length of the crack is 18mm, and the crack angle is 0-30 degrees.
A double-gap rock shear strength testing method comprises the following steps:
1) connecting the lower end of a spring of the spring device with an axial force sensor, and respectively placing two sets of spring devices into two gaps of a rock test piece;
2) respectively fixing a lateral force sensor on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device, and then placing a double-gap rock test piece in a square frame of the roller set device;
3) connecting two axial force sensors in a gap of a rock test piece and two lateral force sensors on an outermost steel plate of the roller set device into a computer host;
4) opening the computer host and the display, starting the testing machine, and starting to record data collected by the axial force sensor and the lateral force sensor; adopting displacement control to enable a lateral pressure head of the testing machine to approach to the two sides of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the side surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of a lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, loading the lateral pressure to a test design value at the speed of 100N/s by using a force control mode and keeping the lateral pressure constant; similarly, adopting displacement control to enable an axial pressure head of the testing machine to approach the surface of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is displayed to be 2N, continuously loading the axial force sensor to the rock test piece at the speed of 100N/s in a force control mode until the rock test piece is damaged, namely completing a shear test;
5) after the shear test of the rock test piece is finished, the record of the maximum load value is selected as the breaking load P by checking the test datakAnd calculating according to the test data.
In the method for testing the shear strength of the double-gap rock, in the step 5):
the first condition is as follows: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 0 degree, the stress of the shearing surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shearing surface is measured1Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece1=0.1L1Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case1And shear stress tau1Respectively, are as follows,
σ1=0
τ1=Pk1/A1
case two: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 15 degrees on the left side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured2Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece2=0.1L2Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case2And shear stress tau2Respectively, are as follows,
σ2=Pk2·sin20/A2=0.342Pk2/A2
τ2=Pk2·cos20/A2=0.940Pk2/A2
case three: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 30 degrees on the right side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured3Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece3=0.1L3Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case3And shear stress tau3Respectively, are as follows,
σ3=Pk3·sin24/A3=0.407Pk3/A3
τ3=Pk3·cos24/A3=0.914Pk3/A3
through analyzing the data, the positive stress sigma, the shear stress tau and the failure load P are obtainedkMathematical relations, by coulomb's law
Figure BDA0002796318330000042
To obtain three points (sigma) combined by positive stress and shear stress1、τ1),(σ2、τ2),(σ3、τ3) Connecting three points on the stress plane of sigma-tau by smooth curve, drawing relation curve of sigma-tau, that is, obtaining internal friction angle of shear strength parameter
Figure BDA0002796318330000041
And a cohesive force c.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the testing device provided by the invention adopts the double-notch rock test piece for testing, overcomes the defect that the conventional shear test requires complicated test conditions, is simple in test operation and convenient in test piece processing and installation, provides convenience for scientific research, has less experimental analysis data, and can obtain a test result relatively quickly.
2. In the testing device, the spring of the spring device is tightly pressed at the top and the bottom of the notch through the axial force sensor, and when the upper part of the rock test piece is applied with axial force, the spring is compressed under the action of the axial force in the vertical direction; and due to the action of the elastic force of the spring, the axial force sensor is provided with a counterforce which is indirectly transmitted to the rock test piece, so that the notches at the two sides of the rock test piece are uniformly stressed to avoid generating concentrated force, and the effect of supporting and protecting the test piece is achieved.
3. In the testing device, the roller set device applies lateral pressure to offset shearing force generated by axial pressure and reduce testing errors.
4. In the test method, the load is applied in the axial direction and the side pressure is applied on the side surface during the test, the test operation is simple, and the processing of the test piece and the design and development of the test scheme are relatively easy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a rock specimen testing apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a front view of a square frame of a roll stack assembly in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a preformed fracture angle of 0 in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a pre-fabricated fracture angle of 15 degrees to the left of the axis in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a 15 ° prepared fissure bulla on the left side of the axis.
FIG. 6 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a pre-fabricated fracture angle of 30 degrees to the right of the axis in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a 30 ° prepared fissure bulla on the right side of the axis.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device 2 and a control system; the test piece device is a processed double-notch rock test/7, the height of the rock test piece 7 is 200mm, the width is 100mm, and the thickness is 100 mm; the middle part of the rock test piece 7 is provided with a prefabricated crack 8, the length of the crack is 18mm, the crack angle is 0 degree, and the two gaps 3 of the rock test piece 7 are respectively distributed on the left side and the right side of the rock test piece 7 one above the other. The rock test piece 7 is placed in the roller set device 2, the roller set device 2 is placed in the center of a testing machine pressing table 11, a top pressing system for applying top pressing to the rock test piece 7 is arranged above the testing machine pressing table 11, side pressing systems for applying side pressing to the rock test piece are arranged on two sides of the testing machine pressing table, a set of spring devices are arranged in two notches 3 of the rock test piece 7, each set of spring device comprises a spring 6 with a known elastic coefficient and an axial force sensor 4, the axial force sensor 4 is a steel product with the thickness of 2mm, and the spring 6 is fixed on the axial force sensor 4 and tightly pressed on the top and the bottom of the notch 3; the control system comprises a computer host 1 and a computer display, wherein the axial force sensor 4 is connected with the spring 6 and is connected to the computer host 1, the computer host 1 is connected with the computer display, and data monitored by the axial force sensor 4 is displayed on the computer display.
The roller set device 2 comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, the two L-shaped steel plates are spliced with each other to form a square frame for placing a rock test piece 7, a vertical steel plate is arranged on the outer sides of the two L-shaped steel plates, a lateral force sensor 5 with the same structure as the axial force sensor 4 is attached to the outer side of each of the two vertical steel plates, a plurality of steel pipes are longitudinally arranged between the outer side of each L-shaped steel plate and the corresponding vertical steel plate from top to bottom in sequence, the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates, a lateral pressure system applies pressure to the vertical steel plates, the lateral pressure is transmitted to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes.
The spring 6 of the spring means has a sufficiently large stiffness and a known spring constant. The length of the spring 6 is determined according to the size of the gap 3 of the rock specimen 7 and the thickness of the axial force sensor 4, namely: the spring 6 keeps the state of zero expansion when not stressed, and the initial length of the spring 6 plus the thickness of the sensor 4 is consistent with the opening size of the notch 3. The spring device is placed in the gap 3, and when axial force is applied to the upper part of the rock test piece 7, the spring 6 is compressed under the action of the axial force in the vertical direction; and because of the action of the elastic force of the spring 6, the sensor 4 is given a reaction force and indirectly transmitted to the rock test piece 5, so that the notches 3 at the two sides of the rock test piece 7 are uniformly stressed to avoid generating concentrated force, and the function of supporting and protecting the rock test piece 7 is achieved. The lower end of the spring 6 is connected with the axial force sensor 4 and is not directly fixed on the rock test piece 7, so that the force on the spring 6 is uniformly dispersed on the rock test piece 7 in the whole loading process, and the influence on the experimental result is reduced.
The roller set device 2 is made of 2mm thick steel plates, the roller sets are solid steel pipes with the diameter of 4mm, and the roller set device can have enough rigidity to resist pressure in the side pressure applying process and cannot generate large deformation.
A double-gap rock shear strength test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the lower end of a spring 6 of a spring device is connected with an axial force sensor 4, and two sets of spring devices are respectively placed in two gaps 3 of a rock test piece 7;
2) respectively fixing a lateral force sensor 5 on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device 2, and then placing a double-gap rock test piece 7 in a square frame of the roller set device 2;
3) two axial force sensors 4 in a gap of a rock test piece and two lateral force sensors 5 on an outermost steel plate of the roller set device are connected to a computer host;
4) and (3) opening the computer host 1 and the display, starting the testing machine, and starting to record data collected by the axial force sensor 4 and the lateral force sensor 5. And (3) adopting displacement control to enable the lateral pressure head of the testing machine to approach to the two sides of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the side surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, loading the lateral pressure to a test design value at the speed of 100N/s by using a force control mode and keeping the lateral pressure constant. And similarly, adopting displacement control to enable an axial pressure head of the testing machine to approach the surface of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is displayed to be 2N, continuously loading the axial force sensor to the rock test piece at the speed of 100N/s in a force control mode to be damaged, thus finishing the shear test.
5) After the shear test of the rock test piece is finished, the record of the maximum load value is selected as the breaking load P by checking the test datakAnd calculating according to the test data.
The first condition is as follows: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 0 degree, the stress of the shearing surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shearing surface is measured1Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece1=0.1L1Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case1And shear stress tau1Respectively, are as follows,
σ1=0
τ1=Pk1/A1
case two: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 15 degrees on the left side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured2Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece2=0.1L2Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case2And shear stress tau2Respectively, are as follows,
σ2=Pk2·sin20/A2=0.342Pk2/A2
τ2=Pk2·cos20/A2=0.940Pk2/A2
case three: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 30 degrees on the right side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured3Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece3=0.1L3Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case3And shear stress tau3Respectively, are as follows,
σ3=Pk3·sin24/A3=0.407Pk3/A3
τ3=Pk3·cos24/A3=0.914Pk3/A3
through analyzing the data, the positive stress sigma, the shear stress tau and the failure load P are obtainedkMathematical relations, by coulomb's law
Figure BDA0002796318330000081
Three points (sigma) are obtained which are a combination of normal stress and shear stress1、τ1),(σ2、τ2),(σ3、τ3) Connecting three points on the stress plane of sigma-tau by smooth curve, drawing relation curve of sigma-tau, that is, obtaining internal friction angle of shear strength parameter
Figure BDA0002796318330000082
Cohesion c.
5) Example two
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is only that: in the second embodiment, the middle of the rock test piece 7 is provided with a prefabricated crack 9, and the angle of the crack 9 is 15 degrees.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, a prefabricated crack 10 is arranged in the middle of the rock test piece 7, and the angle of the crack 10 is 30 degrees.

Claims (6)

1.一种双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试装置,其特征在于:包括压力系统、试件装置、弹簧装置、辊组装置和控制系统;所述试件装置为经过加工的双缺口岩石试件,岩石试件放置在辊组装置中,辊组装置放置在试验机压台正中心处,试验机压台上方设有用于对岩石试件试压施加顶压的顶压系统,试验机压台两侧设有用于对岩石试件施加侧压的侧压系统,所述岩石试件的两个缺口内均设有一套弹簧装置,每套弹簧装置均包括一根弹性系数已知的弹簧和一个轴向力传感器,所述弹簧两端分别固定在岩石试件缺口顶部和轴向力传感器上,所述控制系统包括电脑主机、电脑显示器,所轴向力传感器接入电脑主机,电脑主机与电脑显示器相连。1. a double-notch rock shear strength testing device, is characterized in that: comprise pressure system, test piece device, spring device, roller group device and control system; Described test piece device is a processed double-notch rock test piece, The rock specimen is placed in the roller group device, and the roller group device is placed in the center of the pressing table of the testing machine. Above the pressing table of the testing machine, there is a top pressure system for applying top pressure to the rock specimen. The side is provided with a lateral pressure system for applying lateral pressure to the rock specimen, a set of spring devices are arranged in the two notches of the rock specimen, and each set of spring devices includes a spring with a known elastic coefficient and a shaft To the force sensor, the two ends of the spring are respectively fixed on the top of the notch of the rock specimen and the axial force sensor. The control system includes a computer host and a computer monitor. The axial force sensor is connected to the computer host, the computer host and the computer monitor. connected. 2.根据权利要求1所述的双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试装置,其特征在于:所述辊组装置包括两块L型钢板及两块竖直钢板,两块L型钢板相互拼接构成用于放置岩石试件的方形框架,两块L型钢板外侧均设有一块竖直钢板,两侧竖直钢板外均附有一个侧向力传感器,L型钢板外侧与竖直钢板之间从上到下依次纵向设有若干钢管,钢管固定在竖直钢板上,侧压系统施压加在竖直钢板上,通过钢管传递到L型钢板上,对岩石试件施加侧压。2. The double-notch rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller set device comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, and the two L-shaped steel plates are spliced together to form a A square frame for placing rock specimens, two L-shaped steel plates are provided with a vertical steel plate on the outside, and a lateral force sensor is attached outside the vertical steel plates on both sides. Several steel pipes are arranged longitudinally at the bottom in turn, and the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates. The lateral pressure system exerts pressure on the vertical steel plates, and is transmitted to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes to apply lateral pressure to the rock specimen. 3.根据权利要求1所述的双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试装置,其特征在于:所述岩石试件的两个缺口一上一下分别分布在岩石试件左右两侧。3 . The double-notch rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1 , wherein the two notches of the rock specimen are distributed on the left and right sides of the rock specimen, one up and one down. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试装置,其特征在于:所述岩石试件高度为200mm,宽度为100mm,厚度为100mm;岩石试件中部设有预制裂隙,裂隙长度为18mm,裂隙角度为0°~30°。4. The double-notch rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the rock specimen is 200mm, the width is 100mm, and the thickness is 100mm; It is 18mm, and the crack angle is 0°~30°. 5.一种根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的测试装置的双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:5. A method for testing the double-notched rock shear strength of the test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: 1)将弹簧装置的弹簧下端与轴向力传感器连接,并分别将两套弹簧装置放进岩石试件的两个缺口中;1) Connect the lower end of the spring of the spring device to the axial force sensor, and put the two sets of spring devices into the two notches of the rock specimen respectively; 2)在辊组装置最外侧钢板上分别固定一个侧向力传感器,然后将双缺口岩石试件放在辊组装置的方形框架中;2) Fix a lateral force sensor on the outermost steel plate of the roller unit, and then place the double-notch rock specimen in the square frame of the roller unit; 3)将岩石试件缺口中的两个轴向力传感器和辊组装置最外侧钢板上的两个侧向力传感器接入电脑主机;3) Connect the two axial force sensors in the notch of the rock specimen and the two lateral force sensors on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device to the computer host; 4)打开电脑主机与显示器,启动试验机,开始记录轴向力传感器和侧向力传感器采集的数据;采用位移控制使试验机的侧向压头向岩石试件两侧靠拢,压头与岩石试件侧表面接触后,当监测到侧向力传感器压力为1N时,改用力控方式以100N/s的速度将侧向压力加载至试验设计值并保持恒定;同样采用位移控制使试验机的轴向压头向岩石试件表面靠拢,压头与岩石试件表面接触后,当显示轴向力传感器压力为2N时,改用力控方式以100N/s的速度继续加载至岩石试件破坏,即完成剪切试验;4) Turn on the computer host and the display, start the testing machine, and start recording the data collected by the axial force sensor and the lateral force sensor; use displacement control to make the lateral indenter of the testing machine move closer to both sides of the rock specimen, and the indenter is connected to the rock specimen. After the side surface of the specimen is in contact, when the pressure of the lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, the force control method is used to load the lateral pressure to the experimental design value at a speed of 100N/s and keep it constant; the same displacement control is used to make the testing machine The axial indenter moves closer to the surface of the rock specimen. After the indenter is in contact with the surface of the rock specimen, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is 2N, the force control method is changed to continue loading to the rock specimen at a speed of 100N/s. failure, that is, to complete the shear test; 5)岩石试件的剪切试验结束,查看试验数据选出荷载值到达最大值的记录为破坏荷载Pk,根据试验数据进行计算。5) After the shear test of the rock specimen is completed, check the test data and select the record when the load value reaches the maximum value as the failure load P k , and calculate according to the test data. 6.根据权利要求5所述的双缺口岩石抗剪强度测试方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5)中:6. double-notch rock shear strength testing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step 5): 情况一:预制裂隙角度为0°时,对剪切面进行受力分析,量取剪切面的长度L1,根据试件厚度计算出剪切面面积A1=0.1L1,则此种情况下剪切面上的正应力σ1与剪应力τ1分别为,Case 1: When the prefabricated crack angle is 0°, the shear plane is subjected to force analysis, the length L 1 of the shear plane is measured, and the shear plane area A 1 = 0.1L 1 is calculated according to the thickness of the specimen, then this The normal stress σ 1 and shear stress τ 1 on the shear plane are respectively, σ1=0σ 1 =0 τ1=Pk1/A1 τ 1 =P k1 /A 1 情况二:预制裂隙角度为左侧15°时,对剪切面进行受力分析,量取剪切面的长度L2,根据试件厚度计算出剪切面面积A2=0.1L2,则此种情况下剪切面上的正应力σ2与剪应力τ2分别为,Case 2: When the prefabricated crack angle is 15° on the left, the shear plane is subjected to force analysis, the length L 2 of the shear plane is measured, and the shear plane area A 2 =0.1L 2 is calculated according to the thickness of the specimen, then In this case, the normal stress σ 2 and shear stress τ 2 on the shear plane are, respectively, σ2=Pk2·sin20/A2=0.342Pk2/A2 σ 2 =P k2 ·sin20/A 2 =0.342P k2 /A 2 τ2=Pk2·cos20/A2=0.940Pk2/A2 τ 2 =P k2 ·cos20/A 2 =0.940P k2 /A 2 情况三:预制裂隙角度为右侧30°时,对剪切面进行受力分析,量取剪切面的长度L3,根据试件厚度计算出剪切面面积A3=0.1L3,则此种情况下剪切面上的正应力σ3与剪应力τ3分别为,Case 3: When the prefabricated crack angle is 30° on the right side, the shear plane is subjected to force analysis, the length L 3 of the shear plane is measured, and the shear plane area A 3 =0.1L 3 is calculated according to the thickness of the specimen, then In this case, the normal stress σ 3 and shear stress τ 3 on the shear plane are, respectively, σ3=Pk3·sin24/A3=0.407Pk3/A3 σ 3 =P k3 ·sin24/A 3 =0.407P k3 /A 3 τ3=Pk3·cos24/A3=0.914Pk3/A3 τ 3 =P k3 ·cos24/A 3 =0.914P k3 /A 3 通过分析数据,得到正应力σ、剪应力τ与破坏荷载Pk数学关系式,由库仑定律
Figure FDA0002796318320000037
得到由正应力、剪应力组合的三个点(σ1、τ1),(σ2、τ2),(σ3、τ3),在σ-τ应力平面上将三个点用平滑的曲线连接起来,绘制σ-τ的关系曲线,即求得抗剪强度参数内摩擦角
Figure FDA00027963183200000312
内聚力c。
By analyzing the data, the mathematical relationship between normal stress σ, shear stress τ and failure load P k is obtained.
Figure FDA0002796318320000037
Three points (σ 1 , τ 1 ), (σ 2 , τ 2 ), (σ 3 , τ 3 ) are obtained by the combination of normal stress and shear stress. The curves are connected, and the relationship curve of σ-τ is drawn, that is, the internal friction angle of the shear strength parameter is obtained.
Figure FDA00027963183200000312
cohesion c.
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