CN112326464A - Double-gap rock shear strength testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Double-gap rock shear strength testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-gap rock shear strength testing device which comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device and a control system, wherein the pressure system is used for measuring the shear strength of a rock; the test piece device is a double-notch rock test piece, the rock test piece is placed in the roller set device and then placed in the center of a press table of the testing machine, a pressure system is arranged above the press table of the testing machine, side pressure systems are arranged on two sides of the press table, spring devices are arranged in two notches of the rock test piece and comprise springs and axial force sensors, two ends of each spring are respectively fixed to the top of the notch of the rock test piece and the axial force sensors, the control system comprises a computer host and a computer display, the axial force sensors are connected into the computer host, and the computer host is connected with the computer display. The invention adopts the double-notch rock test piece for testing, makes up the defect of complicated conditions of the conventional shear test, has simple test operation and convenient test piece processing and installation, provides convenience for research, has less test real analysis data and can obtain a test result more quickly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geology, in particular to a double-gap rock shear strength testing device and a testing method.
Background
The problem of shearing instability and damage of rock slopes is often faced in various projects such as civil and architectural engineering, water conservancy and hydropower, railways, highways, mining and the like, and the problems are related to the shearing force borne by rock and soil bodies. The shear strength theory is a foundation stone of soil mechanics, is also a theoretical basis of slope stability analysis, and provides important theoretical parameters for rock mass shear strength stability calculation and slope design. The rock mass shear strength is one of important mechanical indexes of the rock mass, is directly related to the stability and safe use of engineering structures, and has important significance for the smooth implementation of engineering construction. The existing shear strength test basically adopts a three-axis test and a direct shear test, and a variable angle shear method is also commonly used in the fields of metallurgy and energy to test the shear strength of rocks. The test conditions required by the methods are complex, and the test equipment occupies a large area and is sometimes difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a double-gap rock shear strength testing device which is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and provides a double-gap rock shear strength testing method.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: a double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device and a control system; the test piece device is the double-gap rock test piece through processing, and the rock test piece is placed in the roller set device, and the roller set device is placed in the positive center of testing machine pressure table, and testing machine pressure table top is equipped with the top pressure system that is used for applying the top pressure to rock test piece pressure testing, and testing machine pressure table both sides are equipped with the side pressure system that is used for applying the side pressure to the rock test piece, all be equipped with one set of spring assembly in two notches of rock test piece, every set of spring assembly all includes a known spring of coefficient of elasticity and an axial force sensor, the spring both ends are fixed respectively on rock test piece breach top and axial force sensor, control system includes computer, computer display, and the axial force sensor that institute inserts computer, and computer links to each other with computer display.
The double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, the two L-shaped steel plates are mutually spliced to form a square frame for placing a rock test piece, the two outer sides of the two L-shaped steel plates are respectively provided with the vertical steel plate, the two vertical steel plates on the two sides are respectively provided with a lateral force sensor, a plurality of steel pipes are sequentially and longitudinally arranged between the outer sides of the L-shaped steel plates and the vertical steel plates from top to bottom, the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates, a lateral pressure system applies pressure to the vertical steel plates, the lateral pressure is transmitted to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes, and the lateral pressure is applied.
According to the double-gap rock shear strength testing device, the two gaps of the rock test piece are respectively distributed on the left side and the right side of the rock test piece one above the other.
According to the double-gap rock shear strength testing device, the rock test piece is 200mm in height, 100mm in width and 100mm in thickness; the middle part of the rock test piece is provided with a prefabricated crack, the length of the crack is 18mm, and the crack angle is 0-30 degrees.
A double-gap rock shear strength testing method comprises the following steps:
1) connecting the lower end of a spring of the spring device with an axial force sensor, and respectively placing two sets of spring devices into two gaps of a rock test piece;
2) respectively fixing a lateral force sensor on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device, and then placing a double-gap rock test piece in a square frame of the roller set device;
3) connecting two axial force sensors in a gap of a rock test piece and two lateral force sensors on an outermost steel plate of the roller set device into a computer host;
4) opening the computer host and the display, starting the testing machine, and starting to record data collected by the axial force sensor and the lateral force sensor; adopting displacement control to enable a lateral pressure head of the testing machine to approach to the two sides of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the side surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of a lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, loading the lateral pressure to a test design value at the speed of 100N/s by using a force control mode and keeping the lateral pressure constant; similarly, adopting displacement control to enable an axial pressure head of the testing machine to approach the surface of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is displayed to be 2N, continuously loading the axial force sensor to the rock test piece at the speed of 100N/s in a force control mode until the rock test piece is damaged, namely completing a shear test;
5) after the shear test of the rock test piece is finished, the record of the maximum load value is selected as the breaking load P by checking the test datakAnd calculating according to the test data.
In the method for testing the shear strength of the double-gap rock, in the step 5):
the first condition is as follows: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 0 degree, the stress of the shearing surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shearing surface is measured1Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece1＝0.1L1Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case1And shear stress tau1Respectively, are as follows,
σ1＝0
τ1＝Pk1/A1
case two: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 15 degrees on the left side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured2Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece2＝0.1L2Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case2And shear stress tau2Respectively, are as follows,
σ2＝Pk2·sin20/A2＝0.342Pk2/A2
τ2＝Pk2·cos20/A2＝0.940Pk2/A2
case three: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 30 degrees on the right side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured3Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece3＝0.1L3Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case3And shear stress tau3Respectively, are as follows,
σ3＝Pk3·sin24/A3＝0.407Pk3/A3
τ3＝Pk3·cos24/A3＝0.914Pk3/A3
through analyzing the data, the positive stress sigma, the shear stress tau and the failure load P are obtainedkMathematical relations, by coulomb's law
To obtain three points (sigma) combined by positive stress and shear stress1、τ1)，(σ2、τ2)，(σ3、τ3) Connecting three points on the stress plane of sigma-tau by smooth curve, drawing relation curve of sigma-tau, that is, obtaining internal friction angle of shear strength parameter
And a cohesive force c.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the testing device provided by the invention adopts the double-notch rock test piece for testing, overcomes the defect that the conventional shear test requires complicated test conditions, is simple in test operation and convenient in test piece processing and installation, provides convenience for scientific research, has less experimental analysis data, and can obtain a test result relatively quickly.
2. In the testing device, the spring of the spring device is tightly pressed at the top and the bottom of the notch through the axial force sensor, and when the upper part of the rock test piece is applied with axial force, the spring is compressed under the action of the axial force in the vertical direction; and due to the action of the elastic force of the spring, the axial force sensor is provided with a counterforce which is indirectly transmitted to the rock test piece, so that the notches at the two sides of the rock test piece are uniformly stressed to avoid generating concentrated force, and the effect of supporting and protecting the test piece is achieved.
3. In the testing device, the roller set device applies lateral pressure to offset shearing force generated by axial pressure and reduce testing errors.
4. In the test method, the load is applied in the axial direction and the side pressure is applied on the side surface during the test, the test operation is simple, and the processing of the test piece and the design and development of the test scheme are relatively easy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a rock specimen testing apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a front view of a square frame of a roll stack assembly in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a preformed fracture angle of 0 in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a pre-fabricated fracture angle of 15 degrees to the left of the axis in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a 15 ° prepared fissure bulla on the left side of the axis.
FIG. 6 is a left side view of a rock specimen with a pre-fabricated fracture angle of 30 degrees to the right of the axis in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a 30 ° prepared fissure bulla on the right side of the axis.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the double-gap rock shear strength testing device comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device 2 and a control system; the test piece device is a processed double-notch rock test/7, the height of the rock test piece 7 is 200mm, the width is 100mm, and the thickness is 100 mm; the middle part of the rock test piece 7 is provided with a prefabricated crack 8, the length of the crack is 18mm, the crack angle is 0 degree, and the two gaps 3 of the rock test piece 7 are respectively distributed on the left side and the right side of the rock test piece 7 one above the other. The rock test piece 7 is placed in the roller set device 2, the roller set device 2 is placed in the center of a testing machine pressing table 11, a top pressing system for applying top pressing to the rock test piece 7 is arranged above the testing machine pressing table 11, side pressing systems for applying side pressing to the rock test piece are arranged on two sides of the testing machine pressing table, a set of spring devices are arranged in two notches 3 of the rock test piece 7, each set of spring device comprises a spring 6 with a known elastic coefficient and an axial force sensor 4, the axial force sensor 4 is a steel product with the thickness of 2mm, and the spring 6 is fixed on the axial force sensor 4 and tightly pressed on the top and the bottom of the notch 3; the control system comprises a computer host 1 and a computer display, wherein the axial force sensor 4 is connected with the spring 6 and is connected to the computer host 1, the computer host 1 is connected with the computer display, and data monitored by the axial force sensor 4 is displayed on the computer display.
The roller set device 2 comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, the two L-shaped steel plates are spliced with each other to form a square frame for placing a rock test piece 7, a vertical steel plate is arranged on the outer sides of the two L-shaped steel plates, a lateral force sensor 5 with the same structure as the axial force sensor 4 is attached to the outer side of each of the two vertical steel plates, a plurality of steel pipes are longitudinally arranged between the outer side of each L-shaped steel plate and the corresponding vertical steel plate from top to bottom in sequence, the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates, a lateral pressure system applies pressure to the vertical steel plates, the lateral pressure is transmitted to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes.
The spring 6 of the spring means has a sufficiently large stiffness and a known spring constant. The length of the spring 6 is determined according to the size of the gap 3 of the rock specimen 7 and the thickness of the axial force sensor 4, namely: the spring 6 keeps the state of zero expansion when not stressed, and the initial length of the spring 6 plus the thickness of the sensor 4 is consistent with the opening size of the notch 3. The spring device is placed in the gap 3, and when axial force is applied to the upper part of the rock test piece 7, the spring 6 is compressed under the action of the axial force in the vertical direction; and because of the action of the elastic force of the spring 6, the sensor 4 is given a reaction force and indirectly transmitted to the rock test piece 5, so that the notches 3 at the two sides of the rock test piece 7 are uniformly stressed to avoid generating concentrated force, and the function of supporting and protecting the rock test piece 7 is achieved. The lower end of the spring 6 is connected with the axial force sensor 4 and is not directly fixed on the rock test piece 7, so that the force on the spring 6 is uniformly dispersed on the rock test piece 7 in the whole loading process, and the influence on the experimental result is reduced.
The roller set device 2 is made of 2mm thick steel plates, the roller sets are solid steel pipes with the diameter of 4mm, and the roller set device can have enough rigidity to resist pressure in the side pressure applying process and cannot generate large deformation.
A double-gap rock shear strength test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the lower end of a spring 6 of a spring device is connected with an axial force sensor 4, and two sets of spring devices are respectively placed in two gaps 3 of a rock test piece 7;
2) respectively fixing a lateral force sensor 5 on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device 2, and then placing a double-gap rock test piece 7 in a square frame of the roller set device 2;
3) two axial force sensors 4 in a gap of a rock test piece and two lateral force sensors 5 on an outermost steel plate of the roller set device are connected to a computer host;
4) and (3) opening the computer host 1 and the display, starting the testing machine, and starting to record data collected by the axial force sensor 4 and the lateral force sensor 5. And (3) adopting displacement control to enable the lateral pressure head of the testing machine to approach to the two sides of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the side surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, loading the lateral pressure to a test design value at the speed of 100N/s by using a force control mode and keeping the lateral pressure constant. And similarly, adopting displacement control to enable an axial pressure head of the testing machine to approach the surface of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is displayed to be 2N, continuously loading the axial force sensor to the rock test piece at the speed of 100N/s in a force control mode to be damaged, thus finishing the shear test.
5) After the shear test of the rock test piece is finished, the record of the maximum load value is selected as the breaking load P by checking the test datakAnd calculating according to the test data.
The first condition is as follows: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 0 degree, the stress of the shearing surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shearing surface is measured1Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece1＝0.1L1Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case1And shear stress tau1Respectively, are as follows,
σ1＝0
τ1＝Pk1/A1
case two: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 15 degrees on the left side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured2Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece2＝0.1L2Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case2And shear stress tau2Respectively, are as follows,
σ2＝Pk2·sin20/A2＝0.342Pk2/A2
τ2＝Pk2·cos20/A2＝0.940Pk2/A2
case three: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 30 degrees on the right side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured3Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece3＝0.1L3Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case3And shear stress tau3Respectively, are as follows,
σ3＝Pk3·sin24/A3＝0.407Pk3/A3
τ3＝Pk3·cos24/A3＝0.914Pk3/A3
through analyzing the data, the positive stress sigma, the shear stress tau and the failure load P are obtainedkMathematical relations, by coulomb's law
Three points (sigma) are obtained which are a combination of normal stress and shear stress1、τ1)，(σ2、τ2)，(σ3、τ3) Connecting three points on the stress plane of sigma-tau by smooth curve, drawing relation curve of sigma-tau, that is, obtaining internal friction angle of shear strength parameter
Cohesion c.
5) Example two
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is only that: in the second embodiment, the middle of the rock test piece 7 is provided with a prefabricated crack 9, and the angle of the crack 9 is 15 degrees.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 6, a prefabricated crack 10 is arranged in the middle of the rock test piece 7, and the angle of the crack 10 is 30 degrees.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a double-gap rock shear strength testing arrangement which characterized in that: the device comprises a pressure system, a test piece device, a spring device, a roller set device and a control system; the test piece device is the double-gap rock test piece through processing, and the rock test piece is placed in the roller set device, and the roller set device is placed in the positive center of testing machine pressure table, and testing machine pressure table top is equipped with the top pressure system that is used for applying the top pressure to rock test piece pressure testing, and testing machine pressure table both sides are equipped with the side pressure system that is used for applying the side pressure to the rock test piece, all be equipped with one set of spring assembly in two notches of rock test piece, every set of spring assembly all includes a known spring of coefficient of elasticity and an axial force sensor, the spring both ends are fixed respectively on rock test piece breach top and axial force sensor, control system includes computer, computer display, and the axial force sensor that institute inserts computer, and computer links to each other with computer display.
2. The double-gap rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the roller set device comprises two L-shaped steel plates and two vertical steel plates, the two L-shaped steel plates are spliced with each other to form a square frame for placing a rock test piece, the outer sides of the two L-shaped steel plates are respectively provided with one vertical steel plate, the outer sides of the two vertical steel plates are respectively provided with one lateral force sensor, a plurality of steel pipes are sequentially and longitudinally arranged between the outer sides of the L-shaped steel plates and the vertical steel plates from top to bottom, the steel pipes are fixed on the vertical steel plates, a lateral pressure system applies pressure to the vertical steel plates and transmits the pressure to the L-shaped steel plates through the steel pipes, and lateral pressure.
3. The double-gap rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the two gaps of the rock test piece are respectively distributed on the left side and the right side of the rock test piece.
4. The double-gap rock shear strength testing device according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the rock test piece is 200mm, the width of the rock test piece is 100mm, and the thickness of the rock test piece is 100 mm; the middle part of the rock test piece is provided with a prefabricated crack, the length of the crack is 18mm, and the crack angle is 0-30 degrees.
5. A double-gap rock shear strength test method of the test device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
1) connecting the lower end of a spring of the spring device with an axial force sensor, and respectively placing two sets of spring devices into two gaps of a rock test piece;
2) respectively fixing a lateral force sensor on the outermost steel plate of the roller set device, and then placing a double-gap rock test piece in a square frame of the roller set device;
3) connecting two axial force sensors in a gap of a rock test piece and two lateral force sensors on an outermost steel plate of the roller set device into a computer host;
4) opening the computer host and the display, starting the testing machine, and starting to record data collected by the axial force sensor and the lateral force sensor; adopting displacement control to enable a lateral pressure head of the testing machine to approach to the two sides of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the side surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of a lateral force sensor is monitored to be 1N, loading the lateral pressure to a test design value at the speed of 100N/s by using a force control mode and keeping the lateral pressure constant; similarly, adopting displacement control to enable an axial pressure head of the testing machine to approach the surface of the rock test piece, and after the pressure head is contacted with the surface of the rock test piece, when the pressure of the axial force sensor is displayed to be 2N, continuously loading the axial force sensor to the rock test piece at the speed of 100N/s in a force control mode until the rock test piece is damaged, namely completing a shear test;
5) after the shear test of the rock test piece is finished, the record of the maximum load value is selected as the breaking load P by checking the test datakAnd calculating according to the test data.
6. The double-gap rock shear strength test method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5):
the first condition is as follows: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 0 degree, the stress of the shearing surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shearing surface is measured1According to the thickness of the test pieceCalculating the area A of the shear surface1＝0.1L1Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case1And shear stress tau1Respectively, are as follows,
σ1＝0
τ1＝Pk1/A1
case two: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 15 degrees on the left side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured2Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece2＝0.1L2Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case2And shear stress tau2Respectively, are as follows,
σ2＝Pk2·sin20/A2＝0.342Pk2/A2
τ2＝Pk2·cos20/A2＝0.940Pk2/A2
case three: when the angle of the prefabricated crack is 30 degrees on the right side, the stress of the shear surface is analyzed, and the length L of the shear surface is measured3Calculating the shear surface area A according to the thickness of the test piece3＝0.1L3Then the positive stress σ on the shear plane in this case3And shear stress tau3Respectively, are as follows,
σ3＝Pk3·sin24/A3＝0.407Pk3/A3
τ3＝Pk3·cos24/A3＝0.914Pk3/A3
through analyzing the data, the positive stress sigma, the shear stress tau and the failure load P are obtainedkMathematical relations, by coulomb's law
Three points (sigma) are obtained which are a combination of normal stress and shear stress1、τ1)，(σ2、τ2)，(σ3、τ3) Connecting three points on the stress plane of sigma-tau by smooth curve, drawing relation curve of sigma-tau, that is, obtaining internal friction angle of shear strength parameter
Cohesion c.
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