CN112318971A - 一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112318971A CN112318971A CN202011303365.3A CN202011303365A CN112318971A CN 112318971 A CN112318971 A CN 112318971A CN 202011303365 A CN202011303365 A CN 202011303365A CN 112318971 A CN112318971 A CN 112318971A
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- layer
- fiber
- epoxy resin
- solar cell
- cell laminate
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Abstract
本发明涉及电池组件技术领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板及其制备方法。本发明提供了一种太阳能电池层压板,通过在保护层、电池层和底层之间分别添加纤维层,可以在减少层压板的厚度和重量的同时,提高耐冲击性能,且申请人通过合理控制纤维层的结构,可避免纤维层的添加对光通透性的影响,保持好的光电转化效率;且申请人提供的纤维层和其他层具有好的粘结性能,避免了界面间缺陷的产生,提高了层压板的阻水性、耐老化性、耐高低温和耐腐蚀性等性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池组件技术领域,更具体地,本发明涉及一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于全球能源危机与环境问题的日益严峻,人们对新能源以及无污染可再生能源的需求越来越迫切,太阳电池是新能源和可再生能源中很有发展前途的技术。近年来,太阳电池作为一种可再生清洁能源,得到世界各国的高度重视,科学研究及产业发展都十分迅速。晶体硅太阳电池以其较高的光电转换效率、丰富的原材料、工业生产稳定性等优点占据行业的主导地位,光伏市场份额超过90%。
目前太阳能电池组件采用大众化的封装结构为:钢化玻璃(或PET层、耐候性复合氟塑料膜)—EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)—互联条连接的太阳能电池—EVA—PCB板(或PET片)层叠封装而成。得到的太阳能电池层压板存在易碎,抗冲击性能差,厚度较厚、重量较大等问题,此外,太阳能电池通过光伏转换来提供功率,不良的层压板结构会造成透光率下降,使光电转换效率降低,且影响绝缘性、阻水性、耐老化性、耐高低温和耐腐蚀性等多种性能。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明第一个方面提供了一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层、纤维层一、电池层、纤维层二和底层。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述纤维层一从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述纤维层一的制备方法以下步骤:
将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置6~12h后,在1~2MPa,120~140℃模压0.4~0.6h后,得到纤维层一。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括90~100份环氧树脂、4~8份固化剂、0.2~1份固化促进剂,所述环氧树脂选自双酚A环氧树脂、双酚S环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂中的一种。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述环氧树脂的平均环氧值为0.15~0.5。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述固化剂选自4,4-二氨基二苯砜、3,3-二氨基二苯砜、双氰胺中的一种或多种,所述固化促进剂为咪唑类固化促进剂或取代脲类固化促进剂。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述双氰胺的平均粒径为7~10μm,所述取代脲类固化促进剂的平均粒径为8~12μm。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述保护层为乙烯-含氟乙烯共聚物层;所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚合物纤维复合纤维布。
作为本发明一种优选的技术方案,所述纤维层一和电池层之间设有胶粘层一;所述纤维层二和底层之间设有胶粘层二。
本发明第二个方面提供了一种如上所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层、纤维层一、胶粘层一、电池层、纤维层二、胶粘层二和底层依次叠合、抽真空后,在130℃~140℃层压15~30min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:本发明提供了一种太阳能电池层压板,通过在保护层、电池层和底层之间分别添加纤维层,可以在减少层压板的厚度和重量的同时,提高耐冲击性能,且申请人通过合理控制纤维层的结构,可避免纤维层的添加对光通透性的影响,保持好的光电转化效率;且申请人提供的纤维层和其他层具有好的粘结性能,避免了界面间缺陷的产生,提高了层压板的阻水性、耐老化性、耐高低温和耐腐蚀性等性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例提供的太阳能电池层压板的一种结构示意图。
图2为对比例提供的太阳能电池层压板的一种结构示意图。
其中,1-保护层、2-纤维层一、3-胶粘层一、4-电池层、5-纤维层二、6-胶粘层二、7-底层。
具体实施方式
参选以下本发明的优选实施方法的详述以及包括的实施例可更容易地理解本发明的内容。除非另有限定,本文使用的所有技术以及科学术语具有与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。当存在矛盾时,以本说明书中的定义为准。
如本文所用术语“由…制备”与“包含”同义。本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
连接词“由…组成”排除任何未指出的要素、步骤或组分。如果用于权利要求中,此短语将使权利要求为封闭式,使其不包含除那些描述的材料以外的材料,但与其相关的常规杂质除外。当短语“由…组成”出现在权利要求主体的子句中而不是紧接在主题之后时,其仅限定在该子句中描述的要素;其它要素并不被排除在作为整体的所述权利要求之外。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围“1至5”时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时,除非另外说明,否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
单数形式包括复数讨论对象,除非上下文中另外清楚地指明。“任选的”或者“任意一种”是指其后描述的事项或事件可以发生或不发生,而且该描述包括事件发生的情形和事件不发生的情形。
说明书和权利要求书中的近似用语用来修饰数量,表示本发明并不限定于该具体数量,还包括与该数量接近的可接受的而不会导致相关基本功能的改变的修正的部分。相应的,用“大约”、“约”等修饰一个数值,意为本发明不限于该精确数值。在某些例子中,近似用语可能对应于测量数值的仪器的精度。在本申请说明书和权利要求书中,范围限定可以组合和/或互换,如果没有另外说明这些范围包括其间所含有的所有子范围。
此外,本发明要素或组分前的不定冠词“一种”和“一个”对要素或组分的数量要求(即出现次数)无限制性。因此“一个”或“一种”应被解读为包括一个或至少一个,并且单数形式的要素或组分也包括复数形式,除非所述数量明显旨指单数形式。
以下通过具体实施方式说明本发明,但不局限于以下给出的具体实施例。
本发明第一个方面提供了一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层、纤维层一、电池层、纤维层二和底层。
保护层
申请人发现,通过使用含氟共聚物作为保护层,具备突出的抗冲击性能,可提高高低温下优异的耐化学性及耐渗透性、良好的力学性能和电性能、阻燃性、低吸水率、耐紫外及辐射性能。在一种实施方式中,本发明所述保护层为乙烯-含氟乙烯共聚物层。本发明不对含氟乙烯做具体限定,包括但不限于,偏氟乙烯、三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯;作为保护层的实例,可列举的有,乙烯-偏氟乙烯共聚物层、乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物层、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物层。
乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物ETFE是一种化学物质,是最强韧的氟塑料,它在保持了PTFE良好的耐热、耐化学性能和电绝缘性能的同时,耐辐射和机械性能有很大程度的改善,拉伸强度可达到50MPa,接近聚四氟乙烯的2倍,可列举的有,东岳的DS405、DS4051和DS406系列产品。
乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物ECTFE是乙烯和三氟氯乙烯1:1的交替共聚物,其强度、耐磨性、抗蠕变性大大高于PTEE、FEP和PFA。它在室温和高温下耐大多数腐蚀性化学品和有机溶剂。它的介电常数(2.6)低,在很宽的温度和频率范围内性能稳定。ECTFE不着火,可防止火焰扩散,当暴露在火焰中时,将分解成硬质的碳,可列举的有,Ausimont USA公司销售的Halar牌号产品。
纤维层一
在一种实施方式中,本发明所述纤维层一从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:(0.8~1.5);进一步地,本发明所述纤维层一从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:1.2。
优选地,本发明所述纤维层一的制备方法以下步骤:
将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置6~12h后,在1~2MPa,120~140℃模压0.4~0.6h后,得到纤维层一。本发明所述纤维层一存储时,可在环氧树脂层上方盖上离形膜。
更优选地,本发明所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括90~100份环氧树脂、4~8份固化剂、0.2~1份固化促进剂,所述环氧树脂选自双酚A环氧树脂、双酚S环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂中的一种;进一步地,所述环氧树脂为双酚A环氧树脂。本发明不对环氧树脂层的制备方法做具体限定,可通过简单混合的方法制备得到。
双酚A环氧树脂是由双酚A和环氧氯丙烷在碱性介质中缩聚合成的线型聚合物,有很高的透明度,是热塑性树脂,但具有热固性,能与多种固化剂、催化剂及添加剂形成多种性能优异的固化物,固化时基本上不产生小分子挥发物,可低压成型,固化物有很高的强度、粘接强度、耐腐蚀性和电性能、一定的韧性和耐热性,但耐湿热性和耐候性较差。作为双酚A环氧树脂的实例,包括但不限于,E-55(平均环氧值为55)、E-44(平均环氧值为44)、E-42(平均环氧值为42)、E-35(平均环氧值为35)、E-31(平均环氧值为31)、E-20(平均环氧值为20)、E-12(平均环氧值为12)、E-06(平均环氧值为6)。
平均环氧值是100g环氧树脂中所含环氧基团的物质的量。它与环氧当量的关系为环氧值=100/环氧当量。它是鉴别环氧树脂性质的最主要的指标。
进一步优选地,本发明所述环氧树脂的平均环氧值为0.15~0.5;进一步地,所述环氧树脂的平均环氧值为0.25~0.35。
目前太阳能层压板一般由保护层、电池层和底层组成,具有重量大,冲击强度弱的缺点,申请人意外发现,通过在保护层和电池层,以及电池层和底层之间设置纤维层一和纤维层二,当受到冲击时,可作为缓冲明显改善层压板的抗冲击性能,且为了避免影响光的通透性,进而影响层压板的光电转换效率,申请人选择具有好的透光率的纤维布作为纤维层的基材,减少纤维层的影响,但申请人发现,当纤维布和环氧树脂层固化过程中,容易发生纤维布弯折、平整性下降,进而影响层压板的光电转化效率。
申请人发现,通过添加一定环氧值的环氧树脂,如双酚A环氧树脂,得到具有一定流动性的环氧树脂层,当涂敷在纤维布上,并室温放置一段时间,使得环氧树脂层部分浸润纤维布中,初步排除界面处空气,当进行模压处理时,使得环氧树脂层中环氧树脂在纤维布界面处发生部分固化,形成均匀的交联体系,减少纤维布的弯折等现象,减少光线的反射,提高光电转换率。
且申请人发现,当平均环氧值较少或较多时,容易导致浸润纤维布的环氧树脂较多或较少,当环氧树脂固化时,形成的交联体系不足以支撑或破坏纤维布的平整性,造成光电转换效率下降。
更进一步优选地,本发明所述固化剂选自4,4-二氨基二苯砜、3,3-二氨基二苯砜、双氰胺中的一种或多种,所述固化促进剂为咪唑类固化促进剂或取代脲类固化促进剂;进一步地,本发明所述固化剂为双氰胺,所述固化促进剂为取代脲类固化促进剂。
双氰胺,也叫二氰二氨,缩写DICY或DCD。是氰胺的二聚体,也是胍的氰基衍生物。化学式C2H4N4。白色结晶粉末。可溶于水、醇、乙二醇和二甲基甲酰胺,几乎不溶于醚和苯。干燥时稳定。用作环氧树脂胶黏剂潜伏型固化剂,配制单组分环氧胶黏剂,只有当二氰二胺的粒度≤5μm(2500目)时,才能在环氧树脂中形成悬浮体,不会产生沉淀,作为双氰胺的实例,包括但不限于,Ecure 14、Dyhard 100(平均粒径为30~35μm)、Dyhard 100S(平均粒径为8.1~9.1μm)、Dyhard 100SF(平均粒径为5.2~5.8μm)。
取代脲是环氧树脂潜伏性固化促进剂,可降低固化温度,提高反应活性,作为取代脲的实例,包括但不限于,N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基脲3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲(敌草隆),如Dyhard UR200(平均粒径为10μm)、Ecure 30(平均粒径为15μm);1,1-二甲基-3-苯基脲(非草隆),如Dyhard UR300(平均粒径为10μm);3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲),如Dyhard UR500(平均粒径为10μm)。
在一种优选的实施方式中,本发明所述双氰胺的平均粒径为7~10μm,所述取代脲类固化促进剂的平均粒径为8~12μm。
平均粒径为是粒度分布曲线中累积分布为98%时的最大颗粒的等效直径。
在一种更优选的实施方式中,本发明所述固化剂和固化促进剂的重量比为(7~16):1;进一步地,本发明所述固化剂和固化促进剂的重量比为10:1。
为了提高固化速率,降低反应温度,申请人添加了固化促进剂,且申请人意外发现,固化促进剂的量较多时,会影响纤维布的平整性,提高界面间的空隙率,进而影响层压板的光电转换率,故需要使用较少量的固化促进剂,但使用的固化促进剂较少时,会影响固化速率,需要较长时间才能固化,也会影响纤维布的平整性,而申请人发现,当采用玻璃纤维作为纤维布的材料时,和含有苯环的二脲,尤其是控制一定粒径的二脲和固化剂共同作用时,室温放置过程中,一定粒径的二脲和固化剂在一定分子量的环氧树脂中,发生缓慢的沉降,使得接近界面层的部分固化促进剂和固化剂的量较多,促进界面处固化反应和速率的提高,从而使得靠近纤维布界面处尽快定型,而远离界面处的树脂层的固化程度较低,也有利于后续和保护层、电池片等的粘结,进一步减少纤维层的添加对光透过性的影响。
且申请人发现,当固化剂和固化促进的粒径过大时,沉降过快使得界面处固化密度过大,造成纤维布的收缩、变形等,而当粒径较小时,因为环氧树脂的阻碍作用,沉降程度较弱,对界面处反应活性影响不大。
在一种进一步优选的实施方式中,本发明所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚合物纤维复合纤维布。
在一种更进一步优选的实施方式中,本发明所述玻璃纤维和聚合物纤维的重量比为1:(0.1~0.3);进一步地,本发明所述玻璃纤维和聚合物纤维的重量比为1:0.2。
在一种更进一步优选的实施方式中,本发明所述聚合物纤维选自聚偏氟乙烯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚碳酸酯纤维、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维中的一种;进一步地,本发明所述聚合物纤维为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维。
玻璃纤维(英文原名为:Fibreglass)是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料,种类繁多,优点是绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好,机械强度高,但缺点是性脆,耐磨性较差。它是叶腊石、石英砂、石灰石、白云石、硼钙石、硼镁石六种矿石为原料经高温熔制、拉丝、络纱、织布等工艺制造成的,其主要成分为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙、氧化硼、氧化镁、氧化钠等,玻璃纤维通常用作复合材料中的增强材料,电绝缘材料和绝热保温材料,电路基板等国民经济各个领域。本发明不对玻璃纤维做具体限定,为本领域熟知的玻璃纤维,可购自巨力、美伦、恒诚玻纤等。
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯又叫有机玻璃,是一种开发较早的重要可塑性高分子材料,具有较好的透明性、化学稳定性和耐候性、易染色、易加工,本发明不对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯做具体限定,为本领域熟知的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,可列举的有,法国阿科玛的SG7,德国德固赛的Resistzk5HF,日本住友的MHF,日本旭化成的70FR、80NH,本发明所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维可通过常规制备方法,如静电纺丝制备得到。
在一种更进一步优选的实施方式中,本发明所述玻璃纤维和聚合物纤维的纤度分别为0.1~0.3dtex。
纤度又称旦数,即旦尼尔数(Denier),较多地用于丝和化纤长丝中。是指9000m长的纤维在公定回潮率时的质量克数。
在一种更进一步优选的实施方式中,本发明所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:
将玻璃纤维和聚合物纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在2~5MPa,150~200℃下热压,得到所述纤维布。
为了提高层压板的耐高低温、耐腐蚀、耐水等综合性能,申请人使用采用乙烯-含氟乙烯共聚物层作为保护层,而申请人发现,当采用纤维层至于保护层和电池片之间时,因为保护层中的碳氟键的存在,和玻璃纤维中的无机SiO键之间小的相互作用,在层压板成型过程中,保护层和纤维层的界面处的环氧树脂层倾向于向四周扩散,而不是浸润保护层,使得保护层界面处存在较多的缺陷,造成吸湿性、抗冲击性能等性能均有明显下降。而申请人发现,当使用含有聚合物纤维的玻璃纤维复合纤维布作为纤维层的基层,在层压板的成型过程中,因为聚合物纤维如聚甲基丙烯酸酯纤维中酯基和环氧树脂层的相互运动,阻碍了环氧树脂凝胶层向四周扩散,从而促进环氧树脂层和保护层的接触,提高了保护层和纤维层的固化程度和均匀性,从而减少了缺陷等的生成,提高了层压板整体的耐高低温、耐腐蚀、耐水、耐冲击等综合性能。进一步地,所述纤维层一和纤维层二的制备原料相同。
电池层
本发明不对电池层做具体限定,可常规单晶、多晶电池片组成,和光伏线等连接,用于光电转换。
底层
本发明不对底层的材料做具体限定,可列举的有,PC板、PCB板、PET板、金属板。
在一种实施方式中,本发明所述纤维层一和电池层之间设有胶粘层一;所述纤维层二和底层之间设有胶粘层二。
胶粘层
本发明不对胶粘层一和胶粘层二的材料做具体限定,可列举的有,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(POE)、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、硅胶、胶水。
且申请人发现,当采用含有适量聚合物纤维的玻璃纤维复合布时,因为和环氧树脂具有较好的相容性,在纤维层制备过程中,也有利于环氧树脂进一步浸润纤维布,减少纤维布和环氧树脂层界面孔隙的产生。且因为聚合物纤维,如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,相对于玻璃纤维大的极性,也有利于固化过程中,粘附更多的环氧树脂层,促进固化均匀性和固化速度,提高层压板整体性能。
在一种实施方式中,所述保护层、纤维层一、胶粘层一、电池层、纤维层二、胶粘层二和底层的厚度分别为10~40μm、0.2~0.5mm、0.3~1mm、0.1~0.5mm、0.2~0.5mm、0.3~1mm、0.2~2mm;进一步地,所述保护层、纤维层一、胶粘层一、电池层、纤维层二、胶粘层二和底层的厚度分别为20~30μm、0.3~0.4mm、0.4~0.6mm、0.1~0.3mm、0.3~0.4mm、0.4~0.6mm、0.2~2mm。
本发明第二个方面提供一种如上所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层、纤维层一、胶粘层一、电池层、纤维层二、胶粘层二和底层依次叠合、抽真空后,在130℃~140℃层压15~30min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述。有必要在此指出的是,以下实施例只用于对本发明作进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,该领域的专业技术人员根据上述本发明的内容做出的一些非本质的改进和调整,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7;所述保护层1为乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物层;所述胶粘层一3、胶粘层二6分别为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物层;所述底层7为PCB板;所述纤维层一2从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:1.2,所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2;所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括95份双酚A环氧树脂、6份双氰胺、0.6份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲);所述纤维布为玻璃纤维布,重量比为1:0.2,所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:将玻璃纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在4MPa,170℃下热压,得到所述纤维布;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7的厚度分别为25μm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.5mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm。
所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-31。
所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100S。
所述3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)购自Dyhard UR500。
所述玻璃纤维购自巨力(纤度为0.22dtex)。
本例还提供一种如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7依次叠合、抽真空后,在135℃层压20min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例2
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7;所述保护层1为乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物层;所述胶粘层一3、胶粘层二6分别为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物层;所述底层7为PCB板;所述纤维层一2从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:1.2,所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置10h后,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2;所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括95份双酚A环氧树脂、6份双氰胺、0.6份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲);所述纤维布为玻璃纤维布,重量比为1:0.2,所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:将玻璃纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在4MPa,170℃下热压,得到所述纤维布;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7的厚度分别为25μm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.5mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm。
所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-31。
所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100S。
所述3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)购自Dyhard UR500。
所述玻璃纤维购自巨力(纤度为0.22dtex)。
本例还提供一种如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7依次叠合、抽真空后,在135℃层压20min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例3
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7;所述保护层1为乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物层;所述胶粘层一3、胶粘层二6分别为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物层;所述底层7为PET板;所述纤维层一2从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:0.8,所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置12h后,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2;所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括90份双酚A环氧树脂、4份双氰胺、0.2份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲);所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维复合纤维布,重量比为1:0.1,所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:将玻璃纤维和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在4MPa,170℃下热压,得到所述纤维布;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7的厚度分别为25μm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.5mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm。
所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-31。
所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100S。
所述3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)购自Dyhard UR500。
所述玻璃纤维购自巨力(纤度为0.22dtex)。
所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯经过静电纺丝制备得到的,纤度为0.22dtex,所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯购自日本旭化成的70FR。
本例还提供一种如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7依次叠合、抽真空后,在135℃层压20min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例4
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7;所述保护层1为乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物层;所述胶粘层一3、胶粘层二6分别为聚烯烃弹性体层;所述底层7为PCB板;所述纤维层一2从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:1.5,所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置8h后,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2;所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括100份双酚A环氧树脂、8份双氰胺、1份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲);所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维复合纤维布,重量比为1:0.3,所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:将玻璃纤维和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在4MPa,170℃下热压,得到所述纤维布;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7的厚度分别为25μm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.5mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm。
所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-44和E-20,重量比为1:1。
所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100S。
所述3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)购自Dyhard UR500。
所述玻璃纤维购自巨力(纤度为0.22dtex)。
所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯经过静电纺丝制备得到的,纤度为0.22dtex,所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯购自日本旭化成的80NH。
本例还提供一种如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7依次叠合、抽真空后,在135℃层压20min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例5
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7;所述保护层1为乙烯-三氟乙烯共聚物层;所述胶粘层一3、胶粘层二6分别为乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物层;所述底层7为PCB板;所述纤维层一2从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布,重量比为1:1.2,所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置10h后,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2;所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括95份双酚A环氧树脂、6份双氰胺、0.6份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲);所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维复合纤维布,重量比为1:0.2,所述纤维布的制备方法包括以下步骤:将玻璃纤维和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维混合、开松、编织成型后,在4MPa,170℃下热压,得到所述纤维布;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述纤维层二5和纤维层一2的制备原料相同;所述保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7的厚度分别为25μm、0.3mm、0.5mm、0.5mm、0.3mm、0.5mm、1mm。
所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-31。
所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100S。
所述3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)购自Dyhard UR500。
所述玻璃纤维购自巨力(纤度为0.22dtex)。
所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯经过静电纺丝制备得到的,纤度为0.22dtex,所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯购自日本旭化成的80NH。
本例还提供一种如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将保护层1、纤维层一2、胶粘层一3、电池层4、纤维层二5、胶粘层二6和底层7依次叠合、抽真空后,在135℃层压20min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
实施例6
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-20。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例7
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述双酚A环氧树脂购自E-44。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例8
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100SF。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例9
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述双氰胺购自Dyhard 100。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例10
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)替换成1,1-二甲基-3-苯基脲,购自Dyhard UR300。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例11
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括95份双酚A环氧树脂、6份双氰胺、1.5份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲)。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例12
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例2,不同之处在于,所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括95份双酚A环氧树脂、6份双氰胺、1.5份3,3'-(4-甲基-1,3-亚苯基)双(1,1-二甲脲),所述纤维层一2的制备方法以下步骤:将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,在1.5MPa,140℃模压0.5h后,得到纤维层一2。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例2。
实施例13
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例5,不同之处在于,所述聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维替换成聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维,购自浙江华欣新材料股份有限公司(纤度为0.22dtex)。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例5。
实施例14
如图1所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例5,不同之处在于,所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯纤维复合纤维布,重量比为1:0.5。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例5。
对比例1
如图2所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例3,同之处在于,所述层压板不包括纤维层一和纤维层二。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例3。
对比例2
如图2所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例4,同之处在于,所述层压板不包括纤维层一和纤维层二。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例4。
对比例3
如图2所示,本例提供一种太阳能电池层压板,其具体实施方式同实施例5,同之处在于,所述层压板不包括纤维层一和纤维层二。
本例还提供如上所述的太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,,其具体实施方式同实施例5。
性能评价
将实施例和对比例提供的层压板进行下述实验。
1、抗冲击性能:将实施例和对比例提供的层压板进行227g钢球实验,判断层压板是否被破坏,若被破坏,记为X,若未被破坏,记为O,结果见表1。
表1性能表征测试
实施例 | 抗冲击性 |
实施例3 | O |
实施例4 | O |
实施例5 | O |
对比例1 | X |
对比例2 | X |
对比例3 | X |
2、透光性:测试实施例和对比例提供的层压板的功率,如对比例1的层压板的功率为5.28W,计算实施例相对于对比例1的层压板的功率下降百分数,作为评价透光性的依据,功率下降百分数越小,透光性越好,其中实施例3的功率下降百分数的计算方法为(对比例1的功率-实施例的功率)/对比例1的功率×100%,实施例4的功率下降百分数的计算方法为(对比例2的功率-实施例的功率)/对比例2的功率×100%,实施例1~2、5~14的功率下降百分数的计算方法为(对比例3的功率-实施例的功率)/对比例3的功率×100%,并对功率下降百分数进行评价,1级为功率下降百分数小于2%,2级为功率下降百分数大于等于2%,小于4%,3级为功率下降百分数大于等于4%,小于6%,4级为功率下降百分数大于等于6%,小于10%,5记为功率下降百分率大于等于10%,结果见表2。
3、防水性:将实施例提供的层压板中的保护层和纤维层依次叠合、抽真空后,在140℃层压20min,得到的样品进行防水性实验,将样品浸入沸水中,置于密封容器中,将容器置于105±5℃的烘箱中保持48h,测试样品浸入沸水前的重量m0,浸入沸水48h后的重量m1,计算吸湿率=(m1-m0)/m0×100%,其中1级为吸湿率小于1.5%,2级为吸湿率大于等于1.5%,小于2.5%,3记为吸湿率大于等于2.5%,小于3.5%,4级为吸湿率大于等于3.5%,小于5%,5级为吸湿率大于等于5%,结果见表2。
表2性能表征测试
实施例 | 透光性 | 防水性 |
1 | 3级 | 4级 |
2 | 2级 | 3级 |
3 | 1级 | 1级 |
4 | 1级 | 1级 |
5 | 1级 | 1级 |
6 | 3级 | 4级 |
7 | 5级 | 4级 |
8 | 4级 | 3级 |
9 | 5级 | 4级 |
10 | 3级 | 3级 |
11 | 5级 | 4级 |
12 | 4级 | 4级 |
13 | 2级 | 2级 |
14 | 3级 | 3级 |
由表1和表2测试结果可知,从实施例3、4、5和对比例1、2、3可知,本发明提供的太阳能电池层压板通过添加纤维层,具有高的抗冲击性能,且对层压板的光电转换率几乎没有影响,且通过控制层压板的结构和原料,有利于提高界面的粘结效果,减少缺陷产生,从而提高防水性、耐高低温等性能。
前述的实例仅是说明性的,用于解释本发明所述方法的一些特征。所附的权利要求旨在要求可以设想的尽可能广的范围,且本文所呈现的实施例仅是根据所有可能的实施例的组合的选择的实施方式的说明。因此,申请人的用意是所附的权利要求不被说明本发明的特征的示例的选择限制。在权利要求中所用的一些数值范围也包括了在其之内的子范围,这些范围中的变化也应在可能的情况下解释为被所附的权利要求覆盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述太阳能层压板从上到下包括保护层、纤维层一、电池层、纤维层二和底层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述纤维层一从上到下包括环氧树脂层和纤维布。
3.根据权利要求2所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述纤维层一的制备方法以下步骤:
将环氧树脂层涂敷在纤维布上,室温放置6~12h后,在1~2MPa,120~140℃模压0.4~0.6h后,得到纤维层一。
4.根据权利要求2所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂层的制备原料按重量份计,包括90~100份环氧树脂、4~8份固化剂、0.2~1份固化促进剂,所述环氧树脂选自双酚A环氧树脂、双酚S环氧树脂、双酚F环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂中的一种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述环氧树脂的平均环氧值为0.15~0.5。
6.根据权利要求4所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述固化剂选自4,4-二氨基二苯砜、3,3-二氨基二苯砜、双氰胺中的一种或多种,所述固化促进剂为咪唑类固化促进剂或取代脲类固化促进剂。
7.根据权利要求4所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述双氰胺的平均粒径为7~10μm,所述取代脲类固化促进剂的平均粒径为8~12μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述保护层为乙烯-含氟乙烯共聚物层;所述纤维布为玻璃纤维-聚合物纤维复合纤维布。
9.根据权利要求2~8任意一项所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板,其特征在于,所述纤维层一和电池层之间设有胶粘层一;所述纤维层二和底层之间设有胶粘层二。
10.一种根据权利要求9所述的抗冲击太阳能电池层压板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将保护层、纤维层一、胶粘层一、电池层、纤维层二、胶粘层二和底层依次叠合、抽真空后,在130℃~140℃层压15~30min,得到太阳能电池层压板。
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CN113437171A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 武汉美格科技股份有限公司 | 一种易安装光伏瓦及其制备方法 |
CN115490994A (zh) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-12-20 | 深圳市便携电子科技有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂纤维布及其制备方法和在层压板上的应用 |
KR20240054499A (ko) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-26 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 열경화성 에폭시 복합체를 포함한 태양광 모듈 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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CN113437171A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 武汉美格科技股份有限公司 | 一种易安装光伏瓦及其制备方法 |
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CN115490994B (zh) * | 2022-02-09 | 2024-05-17 | 深圳市便携电子科技有限公司 | 一种环氧树脂纤维布及其制备方法和在层压板上的应用 |
KR20240054499A (ko) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-26 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 열경화성 에폭시 복합체를 포함한 태양광 모듈 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR102672056B1 (ko) | 2022-10-19 | 2024-06-03 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 열경화성 에폭시 복합체를 포함한 태양광 모듈 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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