CN112314431B - Crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery - Google Patents

Crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery Download PDF

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CN112314431B
CN112314431B CN202011243383.7A CN202011243383A CN112314431B CN 112314431 B CN112314431 B CN 112314431B CN 202011243383 A CN202011243383 A CN 202011243383A CN 112314431 B CN112314431 B CN 112314431B
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陈传来
陈传胤
符宁
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Hainan Ruimin Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
    • A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof

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Abstract

The invention discloses a hybridization breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery, which comprises the steps of hybridizing a male sterile line and a maintainer line to obtain a male sterile line with excellent characters of a polymerized male parent and a female parent, and hybridizing the male sterile line with a restorer line to obtain a celery hybrid. By spraying the pesticide in the planting process, the infection of bacteria is prevented, the disease resistance of seedlings is improved, the seedling stage is shortened, celery is induced to bloom, celery strains which are not in the flowering stage are removed before cross pollination to adjust the flowering stage, the hybridization rate is improved, and the celery hybrid seeds with high yield, disease resistance, good quality and high progeny regularity are obtained.

Description

Crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable breeding, in particular to a crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery.
Background
Celery belongs to an umbelliferae plant, is various in variety, has a long planting history and a large planting area in China, is one of vegetables which are commonly eaten by Chinese people, is rich in protein, carbohydrate, carotene, B vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and the like, and has the effects of calming the liver, clearing heat, dispelling wind, promoting diuresis, relieving restlessness, diminishing swelling, cooling blood, stopping bleeding, detoxifying, ventilating and ventilating the lung, invigorating the stomach, promoting blood circulation, clearing intestines, promoting defecation, moistening lung, relieving cough, reducing blood pressure, strengthening brain and calming.
With the continuous expansion of the planting area of celery, higher requirements are put forward on the number of high-quality seeds. If the inbred seeds are planted for a long time, the situation of variety degradation can occur. By using the hybrid seed production, a new hybrid variety with obvious hybrid advantages can be obtained, the uniformity of the variety is improved, the yield and the quality of celery per unit area are improved, the adaptability of the variety is enhanced, and the variety degradation is prevented. However, celery has small flower receptacle, large flower amount, multiple grades and long flowering period without concentration, so that the actual hybridization rate of the conventional artificial hybridization is not high, and the offspring regularity is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low hybridization rate of celery and poor progeny alignment, the invention develops a high-yield disease-resistant celery hybridization breeding method, which is realized by the following steps:
step one, selecting cytoplasmic male sterile line of white temple celery as female parent and American celery maintainer line as male parent;
step two, an isolation area is arranged, male parents and female parents are sown in the isolation area, and the medicaments are sprayed for 1-2 times every day in the seedling stage, wherein 4-8L/mu is administrated each time; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 50-65 mg/L of 6-BA, 70-80 mg/L of ethephon and KH2PO4 350～400mg/L，Na2HPO4400-550 mg/L, 2-5 g/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside and the balance of water;
collecting pollen of the male parent for pollination, and repeating the pollination for 2-3 times to obtain an F1 hybrid;
step four, sowing the F1 hybrid seeds and the white temple celery restorer line seeds in the step three in an isolation area, spraying the medicament in the step two for 1-2 times every day in a seedling stage, administrating 2-5L/mu each time, screening and retaining F1 hybrid strains with excellent performance of various characters, hybridizing by taking the F1 hybrid strains as female parents and the white temple celery restorer line as male parents, collecting pollen of the male parents for pollination, and pollinating for 2-3 times repeatedly to obtain F2 hybrid seeds;
step five, sowing the F2 hybrid seeds obtained in the step four, selfing the F2 hybrid seeds, screening out hybrid seeds with excellent quality and good disease resistance, and collecting seeds;
and step six, performing production tests on the seeds collected in the step five, and selecting celery hybrid seeds with consistent characters, excellent quality, good disease resistance and high yield.
Preferably, the white temple celery is a purified and rejuvenated excellent variety.
Preferably, the American celery is selected from American celery seeds with consistent biological characters after the American celery seeds are planted.
Preferably, the cytoplasmic male sterile line is a celery cytoplasmic male sterile female parent obtained by transformation; the maintainer is a celery corresponding maintainer obtained by transformation; the recovery line is the corresponding recovery line of celery obtained by transformation.
Preferably, 1000-1200 m from the isolation region to the outside of the isolation region is a blank region.
Preferably, before pollination, celery strains which are not in the full-bloom stage need to be pulled out, and the lateral branch inflorescences of the parent strains are cut off; and (5) pulling out the father plant after pollination is finished.
Preferably, the pollen of the male parent is collected at 8:00-9:00 in the morning on sunny days.
Preferably, a funnel with a tubular part of 2-3 cm in length and a diameter of 1-2 mm is used for pollination.
Preferably, in the second step, the row ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1: 2-3, the row spacing between the female parents is 30-40 cm, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 45-60 cm, the planting density of the male parents is 8000-10000 plants/mu, and the planting density of the female parents is 12000-14000 plants/mu.
Preferably, the production test is a variety production test on the cultivated strain by taking male and female parent source varieties of the celery male sterile variety as a control, and selecting celery hybrid seeds with the yield higher than that of the male and female parent source varieties and the incidence rate of 0-5%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a hybridization breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery, which is characterized in that a male sterile line and a maintainer line are hybridized to obtain a male sterile line with excellent characters of a polymerized male parent and a female parent, and then the male sterile line is hybridized with a restorer line to obtain a hybrid dominant species. Spraying a medicament in the planting process, preventing bacterial infection, improving the disease resistance of seedlings, shortening the seedling stage, inducing celery to bloom, removing celery strains which are not in the flowering stage before cross pollination to adjust the flowering stage, so that the hybridization rate of the celery is as high as 81.3 percent, the excellent characteristics of the male parent and the female parent are obtained, the yield is higher than that of the male parent and the female parent, the morbidity is lower than 3.51 percent, the quality is good, and the offspring is neat and high.
The pesticide of the invention has reasonable and scientific proportioning, can prevent bacterial infection, improve the disease resistance of seedlings, shorten the seedling stage and induce celery to bloom. The celery is induced to bloom by spraying a medicament at a seedling stage, celery strains which are not in the flowering stage are pulled out before pollination, side branch inflorescences of a female parent are cut, the pollination is concentrated, the flowering stages of the male parent and the female parent are adjusted, the hybridization rate is improved, and the celery hybrid seeds with more uniform flowering stages are obtained through subsequent hybridization and selfing.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
Example 1
A crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery comprises the following steps:
1. selecting cytoplasmic male sterile line of white temple celery as female parent, American celery maintainer line as male parent;
2. arranging an isolation area, planting male parents and female parents in the isolation area, wherein the row ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1:2, the row spacing between the female parents is 30cm, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 50cm, the planting density of the male parents is 9000 plants/mu, the planting density of the female parents is 13500 plants/mu, the space from the isolation area to the outside of the isolation area is a blank space, and spraying agents for 2 times every day in the seedling stage, wherein the administration is 5L/mu each time; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 6-BA 60mg/L, ethephon 75mg/L, KH2PO4 380mg/L，Na2HPO4460mg/L, 3g/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside and the balance of water;
3. removing celery plants which are not in the full-bloom stage before pollination, cutting off lateral branch inflorescences of female plants, collecting pollen of male parents at 8:00-9:00 in the morning of sunny days, pollinating by using a funnel with a tubular part of 2cm in length and a diameter of 1mm for 3 times, removing the male plants after pollination is finished, and obtaining F1 hybrid seeds;
4. sowing the F1 hybrid seeds and the white temple celery restorer line seeds in the step 3 in an isolation area, spraying the medicament in the step 2 every day in a seedling stage for 2 times, administrating 5L/mu every time, screening and retaining the F1 hybrid strains with excellent performance of various characters, hybridizing by taking the F1 hybrid strains as female parents and the white temple celery restorer line as male parents, removing the celery strains which are not in a full-bloom stage, cutting off the lateral branch inflorescences of the female parent strains, collecting pollen of the male parents at 8:00-9:00 in the morning of a sunny day, pollinating by using a funnel with a tubular part length of 2cm and a diameter of 1mm, pollinating for 3 times repeatedly, and removing the parent strains after pollination to obtain the F2 hybrid seeds; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 55mg/L of 6-BA, 60mg/L of ethephon and KH2PO4320mg/L, 1-3 g/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside and the balance of water;
5. sowing the F2 hybrid seeds obtained in the step 4, selfing the F2 hybrid seeds, screening out the seeds with excellent quality and good disease resistance, and collecting seeds;
6. and (5) carrying out production test on the seeds collected in the step (5), and selecting celery hybrid seeds with consistent characters, excellent quality, good disease resistance and high yield.
Example 2
Example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
step 2, an isolation area is set, male parents and female parents are planted in the isolation area, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 25cm at a row ratio of 1:4, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 40cm, the planting density of the male parents and the female parents is 11000 plants/mu, the isolation area to the outside of the isolation area is a blank area, 1 time of pesticide is sprayed every day, and 4L/mu of pesticide is applied every time; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 55mg/L of 6-BA, 70mg/L of ethephon and KH2PO4 400mg/L，Na2HPO4550mg/L, syringaresinol acetylglucoside 2g/L and the balance of water.
Example 3
Example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
step 2, an isolation area is set, male parents and female parents are planted in the isolation area, the row ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1:2, the row spacing between the female parents is 30cm, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 60cm, the planting density of the male parents is 8000 plants/mu, the planting density of the female parents is 14000 plants/mu, the space area from the isolation area to the outside of the isolation area is 800m is a blank area, and the medicament is sprayed for 2 times every day in the seedling stage, and the medicament is administered for 5L/mu each time; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 6-BA 50mg/L, ethephon 77mg/L, KH2PO4 380mg/L，Na2HPO4480mg/L, syringaresinol acetylglucoside 5g/L and the balance of water.
Example 4
Example 4 differs from example 1 in that:
step 3, before pollination, the celery plants which are not in the full-bloom stage are not pulled out, the collateral inflorescences of the female parent plants are not cut off, pollen of the male parent is collected at 8:00-9:00 in the morning, pollination is carried out by using a funnel with a tubular part of 3cm in length and a diameter of 2mm, the pollination is repeated for 2 times, and after the pollination is finished, the male parent plants are not pulled out, so that F1 hybrid seeds are obtained;
step 4, sowing the F1 hybrid seeds and the white temple celery restorer line seeds in the step 3 in an isolation area, spraying a medicament 2 times every day in a seedling stage, administering 5L/mu every time, screening and retaining the F1 hybrid strains with excellent performance of various characters, carrying out hybridization by taking the F1 hybrid strains as female parents and the white temple celery restorer lines as male parents, carrying out pollination by using a funnel with a tubular part length of 3cm and a diameter of 2mm, repeating the pollination for 2 times, and obtaining the F2 hybrid by not removing the parent strains after the pollination is finished, wherein the celery strains which are not in a full bloom stage are not pulled out before the pollination and the collateral inflorescence of the female strains are not cut out, the pollen of the male parents is collected at 8:00-9:00 in the morning;
comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that:
step 2, an isolation area is set, male parents and female parents are planted in the isolation area, the row ratio of the male parents to the female parents is 1:2, the row spacing between the female parents is 30cm, the row spacing between the male parents and the female parents is 50cm, the planting density of the male parents is 9000 plants/mu, the planting density of the female parents is 13500 plants/mu, the space area from the isolation area to the outside of the isolation area is 1000m is a blank area, and the medicament is sprayed for 2 times every day in the bud period, and the medicament is administered for 5L/mu each time; wherein the medicament comprises: 6-BA 60mg/L, ethephon 75mg/L, KH2PO4 380mg/L，Na2HPO4460mg/L, syringaresinol acetylglucoside 3g/L and the balance of water.
Step 4, sowing the F1 hybrid seeds and the white temple celery restorer line seeds in the step 3 in an isolation area, spraying the medicament in the step 2 for 2 times every day in a bud period, administering 5L/mu every time, screening and retaining the F1 hybrid strains with excellent properties, hybridizing the F1 hybrid strains serving as female parents and the white temple celery restorer line serving as male parents, removing the celery strains not in a full-bloom period, cutting off the lateral branch inflorescences of the female parents, collecting pollen of the male parents at 8:00-9:00 in the morning of sunny days, pollinating by using a funnel with a tubular part length of 2cm and a diameter of 1mm, pollinating for 3 times repeatedly, and removing the male parents after pollination to obtain F2 hybrid seeds; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 55mg/L of 6-BA, 60mg/L of ethephon and KH2PO4320mg/L, 1-3 g/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside and the balance of water;
comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that:
the medicament in the step 2 comprises the following components: 6-BA 70mg/L, ethephon 60mg/L, KH2PO4 480mg/L，Na2HPO4380mg/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside 1g/L and the balance of water.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that:
the medicament in the step 2 comprises the following components: 6-BA 60mg/L, ethephon 75mg/L, K3PO4 460mg/L，NaH2PO4530mg/L, coumarin glycoside 3g/L and water in balance.
Comparative example 4
A celery hybridization method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting white temple celery and American celery varieties;
2. planting the seedlings in a seedling raising field at intervals in parallel, wherein the row spacing of the seedlings is 30 cm;
3. topdressing is carried out at proper time during the growth period of the seedlings, 45 kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu, and watering is carried out in time to ensure the water supply of the seeds.
4. Hybridizing by taking white temple celery as a female parent and American celery as a male parent; collecting pollen of male parent, artificial pollination to obtain hybrid seed.
Test examples
And (3) planting the hybrid seeds and the male parent and female parent varieties obtained in the planting examples and the comparative examples, wherein the planting density of each group is 9000 plants/mu, observing the growth condition of celery, removing diseased plants, recording the flowering time and the morbidity of the celery, and recording the harvesting days and the yield during harvesting.
And the flowering rate is the time period with concentrated flowering phase after counting the flowering time, and the flowering rate in the flowering phase is calculated.
The flowering rate (%) < number of flowering plants in flowering period/total number of flowering plants X100%
The hybridization rate is the success rate of hybridization in the cross breeding process of the examples and comparative examples.
The hybridization rate (%). The number of successful hybrids/the number of total hybrids X100%
Judging standards of diseased plants: water spot-like spots appear and plants with light brown spindle-shaped or irregular inwards sunken scab are formed.
The incidence rate (%) is the number of extirpated diseased plants/total plants × 100%
Taste scoring criteria: the harvested celery is cooked by the same method, 20 people are randomly selected for tasting, the taste of the celery is graded, 0-5 points of the celery are poor in taste, 5-8 points of the celery are general in taste, 8-10 points of the celery are good in taste, and the average value is obtained, and the result is shown in the table.
Figure BDA0002769099100000061
Figure BDA0002769099100000071
The experimental data show that the hybridization rate can be improved by adopting the hybridization breeding method, the cultivated hybrid integrates the excellent characteristics of the male parent and the female parent, the growth is fast, the yield is high, the disease resistance is good, the quality is excellent, and the treatment of the seed plants before pollination can avoid the influence of the pollinated plant on the seed plants in different flowering phases after the pollination is finished, so that the hybridization rate of the male parent and the female parent and the flowering rate of the hybrid are influenced.
Examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 show that the flowering rate of hybrid seeds can be improved by spraying the agent in the seedling stage. Examples 1-4 and comparative example 2 show that the dosage of each component of the medicament can influence the flowering rate, morbidity and harvest time of celery hybrid seeds, thereby influencing the yield. Examples 1-4 and comparative example 3 show that the components of the medicament are not adopted, the flowering rate of the cultured celery hybrid is low, the morbidity is high, the celery grows slowly, and the yield of the celery is low. The invention accelerates the growth of celery, increases the disease resistance of celery, adjusts the flowering phase of celery and finally influences the yield of celery hybrid seeds by adjusting the dosage and the using period of the medicament.
The example 1 and the comparative example 4 show that the celery breeding method has higher hybridization rate than the conventional method, and the cultivated hybrid celery has high flowering rate, low morbidity, high yield and excellent quality.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (6)

1. A crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, selecting cytoplasmic male sterile line of white temple celery as female parent and American celery maintainer line as male parent;
step two, an isolation area is arranged, male parents and female parents are sown in the isolation area, and the medicaments are sprayed for 1-2 times every day in the seedling stage, wherein 4-8L/mu is administrated each time; wherein, the components of the medicament are as follows: 50-65 mg/L of 6-BA, 70-80 mg/L of ethephon and KH2PO4 350～400mg/L，Na2HPO4400-550 mg/L, 2-5 g/L syringaresinol acetylglucoside and the balance of water;
collecting pollen of the male parent for pollination, and repeating the pollination for 2-3 times to obtain an F1 hybrid;
step four, sowing the F1 hybrid seeds and the white temple celery restorer line seeds in the step three in an isolation area, spraying the medicament in the step two for 1-2 times every day in a seedling stage, administrating 2-5L/mu each time, screening and retaining F1 hybrid strains with excellent performance of various characters, hybridizing by taking the F1 hybrid strains as female parents and the white temple celery restorer line as male parents, collecting pollen of the male parents for pollination, and pollinating for 2-3 times repeatedly to obtain F2 hybrid seeds;
step five, sowing the F2 hybrid seeds obtained in the step four, selfing the F2 hybrid seeds, screening out hybrid seeds with excellent quality and good disease resistance, and collecting seeds;
and step six, performing production tests on the seeds collected in the step five, and selecting celery hybrid seeds with consistent characters, excellent quality, good disease resistance and high yield.
2. The crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery according to claim 1, wherein 1000-1200 m from the isolation area to the outside of the isolation area is a blank area.
3. The crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the row ratio of the male parent to the female parent is 1: 2-3, the row spacing between the female parents is 30-40 cm, the row spacing between the male parent and the female parent is 45-60 cm, the planting density of the male parent is 8000-10000 plants/mu, and the planting density of the female parent is 12000-14000 plants/mu.
4. The crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery according to claim 1, wherein before pollination, celery strains which are not in the full-bloom stage need to be removed, and lateral flowering heads need to be cut off; and (5) pulling out the father plant after pollination is finished.
5. The crossbreeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery according to claim 1, wherein the pollination is performed by adopting a funnel with a tubular part of 2-3 cm in length and a diameter of 1-2 mm.
6. The cross breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant celery according to claim 1, wherein the production test in the sixth step is to perform production test on the cultivated hybrid seeds by using the parent and female parent source varieties of the celery hybrid seeds as a control, and select the celery hybrid seeds with consistent properties, excellent quality, higher yield than the parent and female parent source varieties and 0-5% of morbidity.
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