CN112304493B - CCD camera-based optical pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection method - Google Patents

CCD camera-based optical pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection method Download PDF

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CN112304493B
CN112304493B CN202011186794.7A CN202011186794A CN112304493B CN 112304493 B CN112304493 B CN 112304493B CN 202011186794 A CN202011186794 A CN 202011186794A CN 112304493 B CN112304493 B CN 112304493B
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pressure
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standing wave
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CN112304493A (en
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葛宁
高丽敏
姜衡
杨冠华
蔡明�
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L25/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus for measuring force, torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2803—Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
    • G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
    • G01J3/44—Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G01J3/4406—Fluorescence spectrometry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
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    • G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters

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Abstract

The invention provides a CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating, which comprises the following steps: the signal generator is connected with an external trigger interface of the laser light source and controls the working state of the laser light source; meanwhile, the signal generator is connected with an external trigger interface of the CCD camera to control the working state of the CCD camera, and when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1While obtaining the amplitude Am(f1) (ii) a Keeping the amplitude of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave stable and unchanged, and controlling the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave from f1Gradually increasing to obtain the cut-off frequency and the limiting frequency of the PSP coating. According to the method, the time sequence of the CCD camera is controlled, and the low-frame-rate CCD camera collects the fluorescent image sequence of the pressure sensitive coating under the high-frequency pulsating pressure, so that the dynamic pressure distribution of the universe is obtained.

Description

CCD camera-based optical pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection, and particularly relates to an optical pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection method based on a CCD camera.
Background
The pressure is one of three parameters (pressure, temperature and flow) of thermal engineering for automatic control, and plays an important role in measurement and control. There are many ways of measuring pressure, but each requires calibration of the measuring device in order to obtain measurement data, such as the functional relationship between electrical signals, optical signals, etc. and pressure, and the characteristics of the measuring system, such as sensitivity, etc.
The Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique based on computer vision and image processing technique is an important breakthrough of non-contact flow display technique. Compared with the traditional dot matrix measurement technology in China at present, the optical pressure-sensitive measurement technology can make up for the damage of pressure probe holes, pressure sensors and the like to a model and the interference to a flow field and the complexity of a data transmission mode of a traditional method, greatly improves the measurement range, has the advantages of no contact, continuous measurement, relatively low test cost, time saving and the like, and is favored by vast experiment workers. The basic principle of the optical pressure-sensitive pressure measurement technology is as follows: the pressure sensitive paint is uniformly covered on the surface of the tested model, and consists of photosensitive molecules and an oxygen permeable substrate. When excited by light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitive molecules in the paint transition from an originally stable ground state to an excited state of a high energy level. The photosensitive molecules in the unstable excited state are collided by oxygen molecules diffused from the measured surface, the energy of the excited state is lost, and the photosensitive molecules are inactivated and returned to the ground state, and the process does not generate radiant light, so that the luminous intensity is reduced, and an oxygen quenching phenomenon is formed. The greater the concentration of oxygen molecules, i.e.: the higher the pressure in the atmosphere, the stronger the quenching effect of oxygen, and the darker the coating will emit under a certain light. Therefore, under the irradiation of light, the luminous intensity of the pressure sensitive coating can reflect the pressure value on the surface of the measured model. And taking an image picture of the surface of the measured model under the light irradiation, and analyzing the image picture to obtain the pressure distribution of the surface of the measured model. Optical pressure sensitive manometry requires pre-calibration to obtain paint properties.
In the prior art, the detection technology of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive paint mainly has the following problems:
in the detection process of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive coating, in order to obtain the dynamic pressure distribution of the universe, the acquisition of images must be completed through a camera, and due to the fact that the frame rate of a CCD camera is low, when a pressure-sensitive coating fluorescence image sequence under high-frequency pulsating pressure is acquired, a large system error can be introduced, and therefore the detection accuracy of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive coating is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, fixing a PSP sample wafer (2) at the position of a bottom cover of an acoustic standing wave tube (1), wherein after the acoustic standing wave tube (1) is screwed, the plane of the bottom cover is parallel to the plane of a sound source (11); a 1 st channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with a sound source (11) through a power amplifier (9), and a sound production end of the sound source (11) is connected with the acoustic standing wave tube (1);
the CCD camera (5) and the laser light source (3) are aligned to the PSP sample wafer (2) through an optical window (7) of the acoustic standing wave tube (1), and an optical filter (6) is fixedly arranged in front of a lens of the CCD camera (5); the 2 nd channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with the CCD camera (5); the 3 rd channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with the laser light source (3);
fixing a dynamic pressure sensor (4) on the cross section where the PSP sample wafer (2) is located;
the output end of the CCD camera (5) and the output end of the dynamic pressure sensor (4) are both connected to a computer (10);
the camera and the light source are aligned to the PSP sample through the optical window, and the dynamic pressure sensor is fixed on the cross section of the PSP sample and used for measuring the real-time dynamic pressure and providing a trigger signal;
step 2, starting from t being equal to 0, starting a signal generator (8) and a dynamic pressure sensor (4) at the same time; the dynamic pressure sensor (4) measures the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) in real time, and transmits the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) to the computer (10), so that the computer (10) obtains a change curve between the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) and time;
the continuous output period of the signal generator (8) is T1Frequency of f1Is transmitted to a power amplifier (9), the power amplifier (9) drives a sound source (11) to emit a sinusoidal signal with a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal sound wave of (2);
the sine sound wave acts through the acoustic standing wave tube (1), so that the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) is subjected to stable period T1Frequency of f1A sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (a);
step 3, the signal generator (8) is connected with an external trigger interface of the laser light source (3) to control the working state of the laser light source (3); meanwhile, the signal generator (8) is connected with an external trigger interface of the CCD camera (5) to control the working state of the CCD camera (5); the specific control mode is as follows:
step 3.1, for a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (1) equally dividing a sinusoidal pressure standing wave into n phases, which are sequentially expressed as phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000031
Phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000032
Phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000033
The time intervals between adjacent phases are all
Figure GDA0003503278800000034
Presetting the exposure time t of each time of the CCD camerae(ii) a Wherein, te≤T1/(n-1)；
Presetting the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera according to the frame rate of the CCD cameraC＝m×T1+T1V (n-1); wherein m represents the number of camera shooting cycle intervals; shooting time interval T of cameraCGreater than the reciprocal of the maximum frame rate of the camera;
step 3.2, where t is tkAt the moment, the sine pressure standing wave is in the phase of the 1 st period
Figure GDA0003503278800000041
The state of (1); the signal generator (8) controls the laser light source (3) to be turned on and the CCD camera (5) to be turned on simultaneously;
at the moment, after the laser light source (3) is turned on, the long-open mode is entered, namely: after the laser light source (3) is turned on, the stable power is kept to continuously emit light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2), so that the PSP coating is excited;
after the CCD camera (5) is opened, the 1 st exposure is carried out, and the exposure time is te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+teWhen the CCD camera (5) is started, the CCD camera is closed; at this time, the CCD camera (5) outputs and phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000049
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1；
Step 3.3, start from the 1 st exposure start time of the camera, i.e. from t to tkThe time interval T of the CCD camera is counted from the beginningCAnd then, namely: t is tk+m×T1+T1When the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is in the m +1 th cycle phase (n-1)
Figure GDA00035032788000000410
At this time, the CCD camera (5) is turned on, and the 2 nd exposure is performed for the exposure time te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+m×T1+T1/(n-1)+teWhen the CCD camera (5) is started, the CCD camera is closed; at this time, the CCD camera (5) outputs and phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000042
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2；
Step 3.4, starting from the 2 nd exposure starting time of the camera, passing through the shooting time interval T of the CCD cameraCThen, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is phase in the 2m +1 th period
Figure GDA0003503278800000043
In the state (2), the CCD camera (5) is turned on to perform the 3 rd exposure, and the output and phase of the CCD camera (5) are adjusted
Figure GDA0003503278800000044
Corresponding fluorescence image Q3；
And so on, in the process that the laser light source (3) keeps stable power and continuously emits light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2), the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera is set everyCThe CCD camera (5) is exposed once and outputs a fluorescence image corresponding to the current phase of the sine pressure standing wave; until the output of the CCD camera (5) and the last phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000045
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
To this end, when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1Then, a fluorescence image sequence corresponding to a complete cycle is obtained, which is respectively: and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000046
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1And phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000047
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2…, and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000048
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
Step 4, for each fluorescence image Q j1, 2., n, all treated in the following way:
step 4.1, to fluorescenceImage QjPerforming image processing to obtain sum phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000051
Corresponding light intensity Ij；
Step 4.2, obtaining a fluorescence image QjIn the acquisition process, the exposure time of the CCD camera (5) is searched, and the change curve between the real pressure value and the time on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) is searched according to the exposure time of the CCD camera (5) to obtain a fluorescence image QjCorresponding true pressure value Pj；
And 4.3, when the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is not applied to the PSP sample (2), namely: the PSP sample (2) is brought to atmospheric pressure, and the image of the PSP sample (2) is captured, so that a reference pressure P is obtainedrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure Iref；
Step 5, the light intensity I is measuredjTrue pressure value PjReference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the following calibration equation (1):
Figure GDA0003503278800000052
since j is 1, 2.., n, when j is 1, one equation for a and B is obtained; when j is 2, an equation for a and B is obtained; by analogy, when j is equal to n, one equation for a and B is obtained; thus, a total of n equations for A and B are obtained; solving n equations about A and B by adopting a least square method to obtain final values of A and B;
a and B are constants, and the values of A and B and reference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the calibration equation (1) to obtain a calibration equation (2):
Figure GDA0003503278800000053
wherein, in the calibration equation (2), P'jIs equal to the light intensity IjA corresponding calibration pressure value;
step 6, for each fluorescence image QjJ 1,2, n, each corresponding to a phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000054
Value of (D) and light intensity IjA value of (d); the light intensity IjSubstituting into equation (2) after steady state calibration to obtain corresponding calibration pressure value Pj'; thus, a phase is obtained
Figure GDA0003503278800000055
And a calibrated pressure value Pj' a corresponding relationship value; since j is 1, 2.. times.n, a total of n sets of phases are obtained
Figure GDA0003503278800000061
And a calibrated pressure value Pj' a corresponding relationship value; therefore, n discrete points are drawn in a coordinate system with the abscissa as the phase and the ordinate as the calibration pressure value; fitting the n discrete points to form a pressure phase curve; analyzing the pressure phase curve to obtain an amplitude Am(f1) The meaning is as follows: when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1While obtaining the amplitude Am(f1)；
Step 7, keeping the amplitude of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave stable and unchanged, and controlling the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave from f1Increase to f2Obtaining the corresponding amplitude A by adopting the mode of the step 2 to the step 6m(f2) (ii) a Judging the amplitude Am(f2) Whether or not to reduce to amplitude Am(f1) And if so, the amplitude Am(f2) Is the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating; if not, the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is further increased until the current frequency f is madexAmplitude A ofm(fx) Reduced to amplitude Am(f1) Up to half the time, at this time, the current frequency fxIs the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating;
continuously increasing the frequency of the sine pressure standing wave if the current frequency fzAmplitude A ofm(fz) When the value is reduced to 0, thenFront frequency fzIs the limiting frequency of the PSP coating; therefore, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the PSP coating is detected.
Preferably, step 4.1 is specifically:
fluorescence image QjW pixel points are provided; each pixel point corresponds to a light intensity value, therefore, w light intensity values are obtained in total, and the average value of the w light intensity values is the phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000062
Corresponding light intensity Ij。
The CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive paint provided by the invention has the following advantages:
according to the method, the time sequence of the CCD camera is controlled, and the low-frame-rate CCD camera collects the fluorescent image sequence of the pressure sensitive coating under the high-frequency pulsating pressure, so that the dynamic pressure distribution of the universe is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a CCD camera-based optical pressure-sensitive paint amplitude-frequency characteristic detection system provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic control timing diagram of the CCD camera according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention acquires fluorescent images emitted by the optical pressure-sensitive coating under the sinusoidal pressure fluctuation with the same amplitude and different frequencies by a CCD camera with a low frame rate based on a phase locking method to acquire the light intensity pulsation, and obtains the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the coating according to the measured amplitude after the light intensity of the coating under different frequencies is converted into pressure.
The invention provides a CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, referring to fig. 1, fixing a PSP sample wafer 2 at a bottom cover position of an acoustic standing wave tube 1, wherein after the acoustic standing wave tube 1 is screwed, a plane where the bottom cover is located is parallel to a plane where a sound source 11 is located; the 1 st channel of the signal generator 8 is connected with a sound source 11 through a power amplifier 9, and the sound production end of the sound source 11 is connected with an acoustic standing wave tube 1;
the CCD camera 5 and the laser light source 3 are aligned to the PSP sample 2 through an optical window 7 of the acoustic standing wave tube 1, and an optical filter 6 is fixedly installed in front of a lens of the CCD camera 5; the 2 nd channel of the signal generator 8 is connected with the CCD camera 5; the 3 rd channel of the signal generator 8 is connected with the laser light source 3;
fixing a dynamic pressure sensor 4 on the cross section of the PSP sample 2;
the output end of the CCD camera 5 and the output end of the dynamic pressure sensor 4 are both connected to a computer 10;
the camera and the light source are aligned to the PSP sample through the optical window, and the dynamic pressure sensor is fixed on the cross section of the PSP sample and used for measuring the real-time dynamic pressure and providing a trigger signal;
step 2, starting from t being equal to 0, starting the signal generator 8 and the dynamic pressure sensor 4 simultaneously; the dynamic pressure sensor 4 measures the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample 2 in real time, and transmits the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample 2 to the computer 10, so that the computer 10 obtains the change curve between the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample 2 and the time;
the continuous output period of the signal generator 8 is T1Frequency of f1Is transmitted to the power amplifier 9, the power amplifier 9 drives the sound source 11 to emit sound with a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal sound wave of (2);
the sine sound wave acts through the acoustic standing wave tube 1, so that the stable period of the surface of the PSP sample wafer 2 is T1Frequency of f1A sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (a);
step 3, the signal generator 8 is connected with an external trigger interface of the laser light source 3 to control the working state of the laser light source 3; meanwhile, the signal generator 8 is connected with an external trigger interface of the CCD camera 5 to control the working state of the CCD camera 5; the specific control mode is as follows:
step 3.1, for a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (1) equally dividing a sinusoidal pressure standing wave into n phases, which are sequentially expressed as phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000081
Phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000082
Phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000083
The time intervals between adjacent phases are all
Figure GDA0003503278800000084
Presetting the exposure time t of each time of the CCD camerae(ii) a Wherein, te≤T1/(n-1)；
Presetting the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera according to the frame rate of the CCD cameraC＝m×T1+T1V (n-1); wherein m represents the number of camera shooting cycle intervals; shooting time interval T of cameraCGreater than the reciprocal of the maximum frame rate of the camera;
step 3.2, where t is tkAt the moment, the sine pressure standing wave is in the phase of the 1 st period
Figure GDA0003503278800000085
The state of (1); the signal generator 8 controls the laser light source 3 and the CCD camera 5 to be turned on simultaneously;
at this time, after the laser light source 3 is turned on, the long on mode is entered, that is: after the laser light source 3 is turned on, the stable power is kept to continuously emit light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample 2, so that the PSP coating is excited;
after the CCD camera 5 is opened, the 1 st exposure is carried out for the exposure timeIs te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+teWhen so, the CCD camera 5 is turned off; at this time, the CCD camera 5 outputs and phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000091
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1；
Step 3.3, start from the 1 st exposure start time of the camera, i.e. from t to tkThe time interval T of the CCD camera is counted from the beginningCAnd then, namely: t is tk+m×T1+T1When the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is in the m +1 th cycle phase (n-1)
Figure GDA0003503278800000092
At this time, the CCD camera 5 is turned on, and the 2 nd exposure is performed for the exposure time te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+m×T1+T1/(n-1)+teWhen so, the CCD camera 5 is turned off; at this time, the CCD camera 5 outputs and phases
Figure GDA0003503278800000093
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2；
Step 3.4, starting from the 2 nd exposure starting time of the camera, passing through the shooting time interval T of the CCD cameraCThen, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is phase in the 2m +1 th period
Figure GDA0003503278800000094
In the state (2), the CCD camera 5 is turned on to perform the 3 rd exposure, and the output and phase of the CCD camera 5 are adjusted
Figure GDA0003503278800000095
Corresponding fluorescence image Q3；
And so on, in the process that the laser light source 3 continuously emits light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample 2 with stable power, the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera is setCThe CCD camera 5 is exposed once and outputs a fluorescence image corresponding to the current phase of the sine pressure standing wave; until the output of the CCD camera 5 reaches the maximumThe latter phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000096
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
To this end, when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1Then, a fluorescence image sequence corresponding to a complete cycle is obtained, which is respectively: and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000097
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1And phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000098
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2…, and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000099
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
For ease of understanding step 3.1-step 3.4, an example is set forth below in conjunction with FIG. 2:
assuming a period T of sinusoidal pressure standing waves1Is 1s, wherein s is unit second; dividing a sinusoidal pressure standing wave into n-5 phases on average, wherein the n-5 phases are respectively as follows: phase position
Figure GDA00035032788000000910
Phase position
Figure GDA00035032788000000911
Phase position
Figure GDA00035032788000000912
Phase position
Figure GDA00035032788000000913
Phase position
Figure GDA00035032788000000914
The time interval between adjacent phases is
Figure GDA00035032788000000915
Of course, in practical applications, a sinusoidal pressure standing wave may be divided into 10 phases, 20 phases, etc. on average according to practical requirements, which is not limited by the present invention.
Presetting the exposure time t of each time of the CCD camerae＝0.1s；
Presetting shooting time interval T of CCD cameraC＝m×T1+T1(n-1), assuming that m is 3, then TC＝3.25s；
First, when t is equal to tkAt the moment, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is in the phase of the 1 st cycle
Figure GDA0003503278800000101
The 1 st period at this time is a relative period, and at this time, the signal generator 8 controls the laser light source 3 to be turned on and the CCD camera 5 to be turned on at the same time;
at this time, after the laser light source 3 is turned on, the long on mode is entered, that is: after the laser light source 3 is turned on, the stable power is kept to continuously emit light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample 2, so that the PSP coating is excited;
after the CCD camera 5 is opened, the 1 st exposure is carried out for te0.1 s; when the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tkWhen +0.1s, the CCD camera 5 is closed; at this time, the CCD camera 5 outputs and phases
Figure GDA00035032788000001012
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1；
Then, through TCAfter 3.25s, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is phase position in the 4 th cycle
Figure GDA0003503278800000102
In the state (2), the CCD camera 5 is turned on, the 2 nd exposure is performed, and the output and phase of the CCD camera 5 are determined
Figure GDA0003503278800000103
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2；
And so on every TCThe CCD camera 5 performs one exposure for 3.25s, fromSequentially output and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000104
Corresponding fluorescence image Q3And phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000105
Corresponding fluorescence image Q4And phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000106
Corresponding fluorescence image Q5。
It follows that, if the conventional method is adopted, one period T is used1When the sinusoidal pressure standing wave of 1s is divided into n-5 phases on average, the time interval between adjacent phases is
Figure GDA0003503278800000107
Thus, when a sinusoidal pressure standing wave is reached, ideally, the camera needs to take 5 fluorescence images at a frame rate of 0.25s, namely: the camera completes one exposure, output and phase within 0-0.25 s
Figure GDA0003503278800000108
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1(ii) a Then, completing one exposure within 0.25 s-0.5 s, outputting and phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000109
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2(ii) a Repeating the steps until one exposure is finished within 1-1.25 s, and outputting and phase positions
Figure GDA00035032788000001010
Corresponding fluorescence image Q5. In general, the frame rate of the camera is difficult to reach 0.25s, and therefore, a large system error is introduced.
In the present invention, the camera completes one exposure, output and phase within 0-0.25 s
Figure GDA00035032788000001013
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1(ii) a Then, through TCThe camera completes one exposure within 3.25 s-3.5 s at a time interval of 3.25s, and outputs and phases
Figure GDA00035032788000001011
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2(ii) a And so on every TCThe camera performs one exposure at a time interval of 3.25s, and outputs a fluorescence image corresponding to the corresponding phase. Thereby completing the acquisition of the fluorescence image corresponding to one period phase. In addition, in practical applications, the specific value of the time interval can be adjusted according to the actual condition of the camera frame rate. Therefore, the invention collects the fluorescent image sequence of the pressure sensitive coating under the high-frequency pulsating pressure through the CCD camera with the low frame rate, avoids the error caused by the low frame rate of the camera, and improves the detection accuracy of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure sensitive coating. In addition, the image acquisition mode of the invention can avoid data storage/transmission congestion and ensure the smoothness of data storage and transmission.
Step 4, for each fluorescence image Q j1, 2., n, all treated in the following way:
step 4.1, to the fluorescence image QjPerforming image processing to obtain sum phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000111
Corresponding light intensity Ij；
The step 4.1 is specifically as follows:
fluorescence image QjW pixel points are provided; each pixel point corresponds to a light intensity value, therefore, w light intensity values are obtained in total, and the average value of the w light intensity values is the phase position
Figure GDA0003503278800000112
Corresponding light intensity Ij。
Step 4.2, obtaining a fluorescence image QjIn the acquisition process, the exposure time of the CCD camera 5 is obtained, and then a change curve between the real pressure value and the time on the surface of the PSP sample 2 is searched according to the exposure time of the CCD camera 5Obtaining a fluorescence image QjCorresponding true pressure value Pj；
And 4.3, when the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is not applied to the PSP sample 2, namely: the PSP sample 2 is brought to atmospheric pressure, and the image of the PSP sample 2 is taken, thereby obtaining a reference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure Iref；
Step 5, the light intensity I is measuredjTrue pressure value PjReference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the following calibration equation (1):
Figure GDA0003503278800000113
since j is 1, 2.., n, when j is 1, one equation for a and B is obtained; when j is 2, an equation for a and B is obtained; by analogy, when j is equal to n, one equation for a and B is obtained; thus, a total of n equations for A and B are obtained; solving n equations about A and B by adopting a least square method to obtain final values of A and B;
a and B are constants, and the values of A and B and reference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the calibration equation (1) to obtain a calibration equation (2):
Figure GDA0003503278800000121
wherein, in the calibration equation (2), P'jIs equal to the light intensity IjA corresponding calibration pressure value;
it should be noted that the main function of the calibration equation (1) is to obtain the values of a and B, so the pressure of the calibration equation (1) is the true pressure value P acquired by the dynamic pressure sensor 4j. After obtaining the values of a and B, further obtaining a calibration equation (2), wherein the main function of the calibration equation (2) is: calculating a calibration pressure value of the light intensity corresponding to each fluorescence image, since the calculated calibration pressure value is characteristic of the reaction coatingThe pressure value is not used, but the real pressure value collected by the dynamic pressure sensor 4.
Step 6, for each fluorescence image QjJ 1,2, n, each corresponding to a phase
Figure GDA0003503278800000122
Value of (D) and light intensity IjA value of (d); the light intensity IjSubstituting into equation (2) after steady state calibration to obtain corresponding calibration pressure value Pj'; thus, a phase is obtained
Figure GDA0003503278800000123
And a calibration pressure value P'jThe corresponding relationship value of (1); since j is 1, 2.. times.n, a total of n sets of phases are obtained
Figure GDA0003503278800000124
And a calibration pressure value P'jThe corresponding relationship value of (1); therefore, n discrete points are drawn in a coordinate system with the abscissa as the phase and the ordinate as the calibration pressure value; fitting the n discrete points to form a pressure phase curve; analyzing the pressure phase curve to obtain an amplitude Am(f1) The meaning is as follows: when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1While obtaining the amplitude Am(f1)；
Step 7, keeping the amplitude of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave stable and unchanged, and controlling the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave from f1Increase to f2Obtaining the corresponding amplitude A by adopting the mode of the step 2 to the step 6m(f2) (ii) a Judging the amplitude Am(f2) Whether or not to reduce to amplitude Am(f1) And if so, the amplitude Am(f2) Is the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating; if not, the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is further increased until the current frequency f is madexAmplitude A ofm(fx) Reduced to amplitude Am(f1) Up to half the time, at this time, the current frequency fxIs the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating;
continuously increasing the frequency of the sine pressure standing wave if the current frequency fzAmplitude A ofm(fz) Decreasing to 0, the current frequency fzIs the limiting frequency of the PSP coating; therefore, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the PSP coating is detected.
Therefore, in the invention, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave with stable frequency and amplitude is obtained through the acoustic standing wave tube 1; then, according to the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave, the exposure time and the frame rate of the CCD camera are controlled, and the next phase of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave corresponding to the image shot each time is ensured, so that the obtained image sequence can just form a period; in the process, the excitation light source keeps stable and continuous luminescence, and the CCD camera starts image sequence collection of different phases.
The invention provides a CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating, which has the following advantages:
1. collecting a pressure sensitive coating fluorescence image sequence under high-frequency pulsating pressure by a low frame rate CCD camera;
2. keeping the amplitude of the sine pressure standing wave unchanged, and obtaining fluorescent image sequences under different conditions by changing the frequency of the sine pressure standing wave, thereby finally obtaining the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the coating, namely: the cut-off frequency and the limiting frequency of the PSP coating corresponding to the amplitude of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave.
3. The invention is a method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive paint, which has the advantages of simple structure, low processing cost, strong usability and strong anti-interference capability, breaks through the prior method that PMT acquired by a single pixel is adopted to obtain the dynamic fluorescence intensity emitted by the optical pressure-sensitive paint, and realizes the advantage that the low frame rate CCD camera obtains the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the paint based on the PSP paint cut-off frequency and the limit frequency under higher frequency pressure obtained by the CCD camera.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above may be implemented by hardware associated with computer program instructions, and the above programs may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when executed, may include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), or the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of an optical pressure-sensitive coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, fixing a PSP sample wafer (2) at the position of a bottom cover of an acoustic standing wave tube (1), wherein after the acoustic standing wave tube (1) is screwed, the plane of the bottom cover is parallel to the plane of a sound source (11); a 1 st channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with a sound source (11) through a power amplifier (9), and a sound production end of the sound source (11) is connected with the acoustic standing wave tube (1);
the CCD camera (5) and the laser light source (3) are aligned to the PSP sample wafer (2) through an optical window (7) of the acoustic standing wave tube (1), and an optical filter (6) is fixedly arranged in front of a lens of the CCD camera (5); the 2 nd channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with the CCD camera (5); the 3 rd channel of the signal generator (8) is connected with the laser light source (3);
fixing a dynamic pressure sensor (4) on the cross section where the PSP sample wafer (2) is located;
the output end of the CCD camera (5) and the output end of the dynamic pressure sensor (4) are both connected to a computer (10);
the camera and the light source are aligned to the PSP sample through the optical window, and the dynamic pressure sensor is fixed on the cross section of the PSP sample and used for measuring the real-time dynamic pressure and providing a trigger signal;
step 2, starting from t being equal to 0, starting a signal generator (8) and a dynamic pressure sensor (4) at the same time; the dynamic pressure sensor (4) measures the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) in real time, and transmits the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) to the computer (10), so that the computer (10) obtains a change curve between the real pressure value on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) and time;
said signal sendingThe generator (8) has a continuous output period of T1Frequency of f1Is transmitted to a power amplifier (9), the power amplifier (9) drives a sound source (11) to emit a sinusoidal signal with a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal sound wave of (2);
the sine sound wave acts through the acoustic standing wave tube (1), so that the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) is subjected to stable period T1Frequency of f1A sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (a);
step 3, the signal generator (8) is connected with an external trigger interface of the laser light source (3) to control the working state of the laser light source (3); meanwhile, the signal generator (8) is connected with an external trigger interface of the CCD camera (5) to control the working state of the CCD camera (5); the specific control mode is as follows:
step 3.1, for a period T1Frequency of f1The sinusoidal pressure standing wave of (1) equally dividing a sinusoidal pressure standing wave into n phases, which are sequentially expressed as phases
Figure FDA0003503278790000021
Phase position
Figure FDA0003503278790000022
…, phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000023
The time intervals between adjacent phases are all
Figure FDA0003503278790000024
Presetting the exposure time t of each time of the CCD camerae(ii) a Wherein, te≤T1/(n-1)；
Presetting the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera according to the frame rate of the CCD cameraC＝m×T1+T1V (n-1); wherein m represents the number of camera shooting cycle intervals; shooting time interval T of cameraCGreater than the reciprocal of the maximum frame rate of the camera;
step 3.2, where t is tkTime of day, sineThe pressure standing wave is phase in the 1 st period
Figure FDA0003503278790000025
The state of (1); the signal generator (8) controls the laser light source (3) to be turned on and the CCD camera (5) to be turned on simultaneously;
at the moment, after the laser light source (3) is turned on, the long-open mode is entered, namely: after the laser light source (3) is turned on, the stable power is kept to continuously emit light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2), so that the PSP coating is excited;
after the CCD camera (5) is opened, the 1 st exposure is carried out, and the exposure time is te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+teWhen the CCD camera (5) is started, the CCD camera is closed; at this time, the CCD camera (5) outputs and phases
Figure FDA0003503278790000027
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1；
Step 3.3, start from the 1 st exposure start time of the camera, i.e. from t to tkThe time interval T of the CCD camera is counted from the beginningCAnd then, namely: t is tk+m×T1+T1When the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is in the m +1 th cycle phase (n-1)
Figure FDA0003503278790000026
At this time, the CCD camera (5) is turned on, and the 2 nd exposure is performed for the exposure time te(ii) a When the exposure time is reached, i.e.: when t is equal to tk+m×T1+T1/(n-1)+teWhen the CCD camera (5) is started, the CCD camera is closed; at this time, the CCD camera (5) outputs and phases
Figure FDA0003503278790000031
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2；
Step 3.4, starting from the 2 nd exposure starting time of the camera, passing through the shooting time interval T of the CCD cameraCThen, the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is phase in the 2m +1 th period
Figure FDA0003503278790000032
In the state (2), the CCD camera (5) is turned on to perform the 3 rd exposure, and the output and phase of the CCD camera (5) are adjusted
Figure FDA0003503278790000033
Corresponding fluorescence image Q3；
And so on, in the process that the laser light source (3) keeps stable power and continuously emits light to irradiate the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2), the shooting time interval T of the CCD camera is set everyCThe CCD camera (5) is exposed once and outputs a fluorescence image corresponding to the current phase of the sine pressure standing wave; until the output of the CCD camera (5) and the last phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000034
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
To this end, when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1Then, a fluorescence image sequence corresponding to a complete cycle is obtained, which is respectively: and phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000035
Corresponding fluorescence image Q1And phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000036
Corresponding fluorescence image Q2…, and phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000037
Corresponding fluorescence image Qn；
Step 4, for each fluorescence image Qj1, 2., n, all treated in the following way:
step 4.1, to the fluorescence image QjPerforming image processing to obtain sum phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000038
Corresponding light intensity Ij；
Step 4.2, obtainingTaking a fluorescent image QjIn the acquisition process, the exposure time of the CCD camera (5) is searched, and the change curve between the real pressure value and the time on the surface of the PSP sample wafer (2) is searched according to the exposure time of the CCD camera (5) to obtain a fluorescence image QjCorresponding true pressure value Pj；
And 4.3, when the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is not applied to the PSP sample (2), namely: the PSP sample (2) is brought to atmospheric pressure, and the image of the PSP sample (2) is captured, so that a reference pressure P is obtainedrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure Iref；
Step 5, the light intensity I is measuredjTrue pressure value PjReference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the following calibration equation (1):
Figure FDA0003503278790000039
since j is 1, 2.., n, when j is 1, one equation for a and B is obtained; when j is 2, an equation for a and B is obtained; by analogy, when j is equal to n, one equation for a and B is obtained; thus, a total of n equations for A and B are obtained; solving n equations about A and B by adopting a least square method to obtain final values of A and B;
a and B are constants, and the values of A and B and reference pressure PrefAnd light intensity at a reference pressure IrefSubstituting the calibration equation (1) to obtain a calibration equation (2):
Figure FDA0003503278790000041
wherein, in the calibration equation (2), PjIs equal to the light intensity IjA corresponding calibration pressure value;
step 6, for each fluorescence image QjJ 1,2, n, each corresponding to a phase
Figure FDA0003503278790000042
Value of (D) and light intensity IjA value of (d); the light intensity IjSubstituting into the calibration equation (2) after steady state calibration to obtain the corresponding calibration pressure value Pj'; thus, a phase is obtained
Figure FDA0003503278790000043
And a calibrated pressure value Pj' a corresponding relationship value; since j is 1, 2.. times.n, a total of n sets of phases are obtained
Figure FDA0003503278790000044
And a calibrated pressure value Pj' a corresponding relationship value; therefore, n discrete points are drawn in a coordinate system with the abscissa as the phase and the ordinate as the calibration pressure value; fitting the n discrete points to form a pressure phase curve; analyzing the pressure phase curve to obtain an amplitude Am(f1) The meaning is as follows: when the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is f1While obtaining the amplitude Am(f1)；
Step 7, keeping the amplitude of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave stable and unchanged, and controlling the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave from f1Increase to f2Obtaining the corresponding amplitude A by adopting the mode of the step 2 to the step 6m(f2) (ii) a Judging the amplitude Am(f2) Whether or not to reduce to amplitude Am(f1) And if so, the amplitude Am(f2) The corresponding frequency is the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating; if not, the frequency of the sinusoidal pressure standing wave is further increased until the current frequency f is madexAmplitude A ofm(fx) Reduced to amplitude Am(f1) Up to half the time, at this time, the current frequency fxIs the cut-off frequency of the PSP coating;
continuously increasing the frequency of the sine pressure standing wave if the current frequency fzAmplitude A ofm(fz) Decreasing to 0, the current frequency fzIs the limiting frequency of the PSP coating; therefore, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the PSP coating is detected.
2. The CCD camera-based method for detecting the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the optical pressure-sensitive paint as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4.1 is specifically as follows:
fluorescence image QjW pixel points are provided; each pixel point corresponds to a light intensity value, therefore, w light intensity values are obtained in total, and the average value of the w light intensity values is the phase position
Figure FDA0003503278790000051
Corresponding light intensity Ij。
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