CN112301179A - Production method of sponge iron - Google Patents
Production method of sponge iron Download PDFInfo
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- CN112301179A CN112301179A CN202011062743.3A CN202011062743A CN112301179A CN 112301179 A CN112301179 A CN 112301179A CN 202011062743 A CN202011062743 A CN 202011062743A CN 112301179 A CN112301179 A CN 112301179A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
- C21B13/146—Multi-step reduction without melting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/02—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in shaft furnaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention relates to a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: and (3) oxidizing the iron ore powder, performing primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling to obtain the sponge iron. The method provided by the invention realizes the preparation of high-quality sponge iron by reasonably setting the steps in the production process, has high production efficiency, and avoids the phenomenon of bonding and fluid loss generated when the reduction temperature is too high. The components of the obtained sponge iron are TFe more than or equal to 92 percent, MFe more than or equal to 85 percent, FeO more than or equal to 8.29 percent, SiO2 less than or equal to 4.5 percent and metallization rate more than or equal to 94 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of iron smelting, in particular to a production method of sponge iron.
Background
Sponge iron is also called direct reduced iron, which is removed by adopting high-quality ore through a filtering type precipitation removal mode by utilizing the principle of oxidation reduction reaction, and the dissolved oxygen corrosion of pipelines, boilers and circulating water can reach the content of the dissolved oxygen of below 0.05mg/L after water treatment. The method has the advantages of low backwashing frequency, high compressive strength, no pulverization, no hardening, large specific surface area, high activity, good regeneration effect and the like.
The sponge iron production method is many, and mainly comprises 4 methods: the kiln returning method, the shaft furnace method, the shaft tank method and the belt machine method. For example, CN85104824A discloses the production of sponge iron by direct reduction of iron oxide-containing materials in a converter; the furnace burden discharged from the rotary furnace is divided into sponge iron and substances containing residual carbon, the substances containing carbon are combusted in the fluidized bed reactor, and heat generated by combustion is removed and dissipated for power generation. In order to ensure the utilization of the residual energy in the rotary kiln production process and to minimize the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide x and calcium sulfide components, the rotary kiln dust-containing exhaust gas is fed into the fluidized bed reactor for secondary combustion, most of the oxygen-containing gas entering the fluidized bed reactor completes the combustion of combustible components under the condition of super-stoichiometric oxygen content, and the solids entrained by the gas discharged from the fluidized bed reactor are recycled into the fluidized bed reactor.
CN101397597A discloses a method for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of dry coal powder gasification hot coal gas fine ore fluidized bed, which comprises the following steps:
a) grinding and drying raw material coal;
b) spraying dry coal powder and pure oxygen into a pressurized gasifier;
c) chilling the high-temperature coal gas at the top of the gasification furnace to 900-;
d) the rest hot coal gas is desulfurized and used as reducing gas to enter a fluidized bed reactor;
e) and hot coal gas is introduced into the last stage of the multi-stage fluidized bed, reversely flows with the iron-containing powder, sequentially and reversely flows through the fluidized beds at all stages, sequentially and forwardly flows through the fluidized beds, and the iron-containing powder is in countercurrent contact with reducing gas, and is reduced and carburized step by step to obtain the sponge iron. The coal gasification technology is adopted to produce reducing gas, the sensible heat of high-temperature coal gas is utilized to provide energy required by reduction of iron ore powder, and the energy utilization rate is improved; the produced sponge iron can be directly used for electric furnace steelmaking.
CN101643810A discloses a process for producing sponge iron and high-purity CO gas. The invention includes a reducing gas preparation system; a reducing gas process system; a reducing gas heating system; a shaft furnace; a return gas process system; a carbon dioxide separation system; oxidation of hydrogen dioxideA carbon conversion system and a CO-rich gas purification system; the system is connected together through a conveying pipeline and a conveying device, sponge iron with the metallization rate of more than or equal to 92% is produced, and high-purity CO gas is obtained at the same time. The process greatly reduces the investment and energy consumption of a reducing gas preparation system and a reducing gas process system, and solves the problem of CO2The generated high-purity CO gas has important application value in the fields of steel, chemical engineering and the like.
However, the phenomenon of bonding and fluid loss can be generated when the reduction temperature is too high in the process of producing sponge iron by the existing fluidized bed, which is not beneficial to continuous production operation, and the quality of the obtained sponge iron is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method of sponge iron, which realizes the preparation of high-quality sponge iron by adopting the steps of multi-stage reduction and hot briquetting and solves the problems that the phenomenon of bonding and defluidization is generated when the reduction temperature is too high, and the continuous production operation is not facilitated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: and (3) oxidizing the iron ore powder, performing primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling to obtain the sponge iron.
The method provided by the invention realizes the preparation of high-quality sponge iron by reasonably setting the steps in the production process, has high production efficiency, fully utilizes the reducing gas from the gas-based shaft furnace to the oxidation, brings the heat from the oxidation zone to the gas-based shaft furnace, does not lose the heat and has high energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of bonding and fluid loss caused by overhigh reduction temperature is avoided. The components of the obtained sponge iron are TFe more than or equal to 92 percent, MFe more than or equal to 85 percent, FeO more than or equal to 8.29 percent and SiO2Less than or equal to 4.5 percent and the metallization rate is more than or equal to 94 percent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the iron ore powder is 7mm or less, for example, 7mm, 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm or 1mm, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oxidation is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature of the oxidation is 500-.
Preferably, the oxidation time is 0.5 to 1 hour, and may be, for example, 0.5 hour, 0.6 hour, 0.7 hour, 0.8 hour, 0.9 hour, 1 hour, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first reduction is carried out using a fluidized bed.
Preferably, the first reduction is carried out under a reducing atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature of the first reduction is 700-800 ℃, for example 700 ℃, 710 ℃, 720 ℃, 730 ℃, 740 ℃, 750 ℃, 760 ℃, 770 ℃, 780 ℃, 790 ℃ or 800 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range are also applicable.
Preferably, the time for the first reduction is 1 to 2 hours, and may be, for example, 1 hour, 1.1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.3 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.6 hours, 1.7 hours, 1.8 hours, 1.9 hours, or 2 hours, etc., but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited in this range are also applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second reduction is carried out using a fluidized bed.
Preferably, the second reduction is carried out under a reducing atmosphere.
Preferably, the temperature of the second reduction is 700-800 ℃, for example 700 ℃, 710 ℃, 720 ℃, 730 ℃, 740 ℃, 750 ℃, 760 ℃, 770 ℃, 780 ℃, 790 ℃ or 800 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range are also applicable.
Preferably, the time for the second reduction is 1 to 2 hours, and may be, for example, 1 hour, 1.1 hour, 1.2 hours, 1.3 hours, 1.4 hours, 1.5 hours, 1.6 hours, 1.7 hours, 1.8 hours, 1.9 hours, or 2 hours, etc., but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other unrecited values within this range are also applicable.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, TFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressing block is more than or equal to 80 percent, and MFe in the raw materials is more than or equal to 65 percent.
In the present invention, the TFe content of the raw material in the hot-pressed block is not less than 80%, and may be, for example, 80%, 82%, 84%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 94%, 96%, or 99%, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable.
In the present invention, the MFe of the raw material in the hot-pressed briquette may be 65% or more, for example, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%, but is not limited to the values listed above, and other values not listed within this range are also applicable.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot-pressed block is 700 ℃ and 750 ℃, for example, 700 ℃, 705 ℃, 710 ℃, 715 ℃, 720 ℃, 725 ℃, 730 ℃, 735 ℃, 740 ℃, 745 ℃ or 750 ℃ and the like, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range are also applicable.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure in the hot-press block is 2650-3300KN, and may be, for example, 2650KN, 2700KN, 2750KN, 2800KN, 2850KN, 2900KN, 2950KN, 3000KN, 3050KN, 3100KN, 3150KN, 3200KN, 3250KN, 3300KN, etc., but is not limited to the values listed, and other values not listed in this range are also applicable.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the hot roll in the hot block is 10-20r/min, such as 10r/min, 11r/min, 12r/min, 13r/min, 14r/min, 15r/min, 16r/min, 17r/min, 18r/min, 19r/min or 20r/min, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in this range are equally applicable.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third reduction is performed using a gas-based shaft furnace.
Preferably, the third reduction is performed under a reducing atmosphere.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the third reduction is 1000-.
Preferably, the time for the third reduction is 2 to 3 hours, and may be, for example, 2 hours, 2.1 hours, 2.2 hours, 2.3 hours, 2.4 hours, 2.5 hours, 2.6 hours, 2.7 hours, 2.8 hours, 2.9 hours, or 3 hours, etc., but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other values not enumerated within this range are also applicable.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the production method comprises the following steps: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of particles in the iron ore powder is less than or equal to 7 mm; the temperature of the oxidation is 500-600 ℃; the temperature of the first reduction is 700-800 ℃; the temperature of the second reduction is 700-800 ℃; TFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressed blocks is more than or equal to 80 percent, and MFe in the raw materials is more than or equal to 65 percent; the temperature of the third reduction is 1000-1200 ℃.
The oxidizing atmosphere in the present invention may be an atmosphere of oxygen, carbon dioxide, ozone, or the like, or blast furnace exhaust gas containing an oxidizing medium, or the like.
The reduction in the present invention is carried out in a reducing atmosphere, which may be a reducing atmosphere of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, blast furnace gas, coke oven gas, or the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method provided by the invention, through reasonable setting of the steps in the production process, no binder is introduced, no pelletizing is required, the preparation of the high-quality sponge iron is realized, the production efficiency is high, and the phenomenon of binding and defluidization generated when the reduction temperature is too high is avoided. The components of the obtained sponge iron are TFe more than or equal to 92 percent, MFe more than or equal to 85 percent, FeO more than or equal to 8.29 percent and SiO2Less than or equal to 4.5 percent and the metallization rate is more than or equal to 94 percent.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions thereof, typical but non-limiting examples of the invention are as follows:
example 1
The invention provides a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of particles in the iron ore powder is 7 mm;
the oxidation is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (air) at the temperature of 550 ℃ for 0.75 h;
the first reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 750 ℃, and the time is 1.5 h;
the second reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 750 ℃, and the time is 1.5 h;
the TFe and MFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressing block are 80 percent and 65 percent respectively, the temperature of the hot-pressing block is 722 ℃, the pressure is 3000KN, and the rotating speed of a hot roller is 15 r/min;
the third reduction is carried out by adopting a gas-based shaft furnace (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 1100 ℃, and the time is 2.5 h.
The obtained sponge iron comprises TFe 97%, MFe 85%, FeO 8.29%, and SiO24.5 percent and the metallization rate is 96 percent.
Example 2
The invention provides a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of the particles in the iron ore powder is 5 mm;
the oxidation is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (oxygen atmosphere) at 500 ℃ for 1 h;
the first reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (carbon monoxide atmosphere), the temperature is 800 ℃, and the time is 2 hours;
the second reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (carbon monoxide atmosphere), the temperature is 700 ℃, and the time is 1 h;
the TFe and MFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressing block are 88 percent and 70 percent respectively, the temperature of the hot-pressing block is 700 ℃, the pressure is 2650KN, and the rotating speed of a hot roller is 20 r/min;
the third reduction is carried out by adopting a gas-based shaft furnace (carbon monoxide atmosphere), the temperature is 1000 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
The sponge iron obtained comprises TFe 93%, MFe 87%, FeO 9%, and SiO23 percent and the metallization rate is 95 percent.
Example 3
The invention provides a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of the particles in the iron ore powder is 2 mm;
the oxidation is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (blast furnace gas combustion waste gas), the temperature is 600 ℃, and the time is 0.5 h;
the first reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (hydrogen atmosphere), the temperature is 700 ℃, and the time is 1 h;
the second reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (hydrogen atmosphere), the temperature is 800 ℃, and the time is 2 hours;
the TFe and MFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressing block are 90 percent and 77 percent respectively, the temperature of the hot-pressing block is 750 ℃, the pressure is 3300KN, and the rotating speed of a hot roller is 10 r/min;
the third reduction is carried out by adopting a gas-based shaft furnace (hydrogen atmosphere), the temperature is 1000 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.
The sponge iron obtained comprises 92% of TFe, 85% of MFe, 8.29% of FeO and SiO2Less than or equal to 4.5 percent and the metallization rate is 97 percent.
Example 4
The invention provides a production method of sponge iron, which comprises the following steps: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of the particles in the iron ore powder is 0.1 mm;
the oxidation is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere (blast furnace gas combustion waste gas), the temperature is 580 ℃, and the time is 0.87 h;
the first reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 777 ℃, and the time is 1.3 h;
the second reduction is carried out by adopting a fluidized bed (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 723 ℃, and the time is 2 hours;
the TFe and MFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressing block are 83 percent and 68 percent respectively, the temperature of the hot-pressing block is 715 ℃, the pressure is 2845KN, and the rotating speed of a hot roller is 13 r/min;
the third reduction is carried out by adopting a gas-based shaft furnace (blast furnace gas atmosphere), the temperature is 1046 ℃, and the time is 2.2 hours.
The sponge iron obtained had the composition TFe 95%, MFe 89%, FeO 10%, SiO23 percent and the metallization rate is 94 percent.
Comparative example 1
The only difference from example 1 is that without pre-oxidation, the resulting sponge iron had a TFe content of 92% and a metallization of 92%.
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is that without the first reduction, the resulting sponge iron had a TFe content of 93% and a metallization of 91%.
Comparative example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the hot press forming cannot be carried out without carrying out the second reduction, the subsequent reduction treatment is not facilitated, the index of the obtained sponge iron is poor, and the TFe content of the sponge iron is 90%.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the example 1 is only that the hot-pressed blocks are changed into pellets, the forming cannot be performed, the subsequent treatment is not facilitated, the indexes of the obtained sponge iron are seriously deteriorated, and the TFe content in the sponge iron is 91%.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the example 1 is only that the hot-pressed block is arranged between the first reduction and the second reduction, the hot-pressed forming cannot be carried out, the subsequent treatment is not facilitated, the index of the obtained sponge iron is seriously deteriorated, and the metallization rate is 90%.
Comparative example 6
The difference from the example 1 is only that the hot-pressed block is arranged between the oxidation and the first reduction, the hot-press forming cannot be carried out, the subsequent reduction treatment is not facilitated, and the index of the obtained sponge iron is poor.
According to the results of the above examples and comparative examples, the method provided by the invention realizes the preparation of high-quality sponge iron by reasonably setting the steps in the production process, has high production efficiency, and avoids the phenomenon of binding and flow loss generated when the reduction temperature is too high. The components of the obtained sponge iron are TFe more than or equal to 92 percent, MFe more than or equal to 85 percent, FeO more than or equal to 8.29 percent and SiO2Less than or equal to 4.5 percent and the metallization rate is more than or equal to 94 percent.
The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing sponge iron, comprising: and (3) oxidizing the iron ore powder, performing primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling to obtain the sponge iron.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the iron ore powder is 7mm or less.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the oxidation is performed under an oxidizing atmosphere;
preferably, the temperature of the oxidation is 500-600 ℃;
preferably, the oxidation time is 0.5 to 1 hour.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first reduction is carried out using a fluidized bed;
preferably, the first reduction is carried out under a reducing atmosphere;
preferably, the temperature of the first reduction is 700-800 ℃;
preferably, the time for the first reduction is 1-2 h.
5. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second reduction is carried out using a fluidized bed;
preferably, the second reduction is carried out under a reducing atmosphere;
preferably, the temperature of the second reduction is 700-800 ℃;
preferably, the time of the second reduction is 1 to 2 hours.
6. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein TFe is 80% or more and MFe is 65% or more of the raw material in the hot-pressed block;
preferably, the temperature of the hot-pressing block is 700-.
7. The production method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the pressure in the hot-press block is 2650 and 3300 KN;
preferably, the rotating speed of the hot roller in the hot-pressing block is 10-20 r/min.
8. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the third reduction is carried out using a gas-based shaft furnace;
preferably, the third reduction is performed under a reducing atmosphere.
9. The production method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the temperature of the third reduction is 1000-1200 ℃;
preferably, the time for the third reduction is 2 to 3 hours.
10. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the production method comprises: carrying out oxidation, primary reduction, secondary reduction, hot briquetting, tertiary reduction and cooling on iron ore powder in sequence to obtain sponge iron;
the particle size of particles in the iron ore powder is less than or equal to 7 mm; the temperature of the oxidation is 500-600 ℃; the temperature of the first reduction is 700-800 ℃; the temperature of the second reduction is 700-800 ℃; TFe in the raw materials in the hot-pressed blocks is more than or equal to 80 percent, and MFe in the raw materials is more than or equal to 65 percent; the temperature of the third reduction is 1000-1200 ℃.
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| CN112974825A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-18 | 安徽马钢粉末冶金有限公司 | Reduction method of iron ore powder |
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| CN112974825B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2024-05-24 | 安徽马钢粉末冶金有限公司 | Reduction method of iron ore powder |
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