A kind of method of controlling reduction red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of ferronickel, particularly relate to the method for a kind of controlling reduction red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel.
Background technology
Nickel, as main alloy element, is applied to stainless steel, heat-resisting alloy steel and multiple nickelalloy, accounts for more than 70% of nickel total amount consumed.Along with the fast development of stainless steel industry, the demand of nickel is also significantly increased.At present, global mine nickel output 60% derives from nickel sulfide ore, and 40% derives from red soil nickel ore.And in global nickel minerals reserves 2.2 hundred million tons, red soil nickel ore accounts for 70%.Along with the continuous minimizing of nickel sulfide ore resource and the continuous progress of smelting laterite-nickel ores technology, the proportion producing nickel from red soil nickel ore will constantly increase.
For the existing following different treatment technique of dissimilar red soil nickel ore: thermal process, wet processing, fiery wet method combined process and other technique.Wherein thermal process is because flow process is short, efficiency is high, the advantages such as treatment scale is large, is the leading technique of process red soil nickel ore.In red soil nickel ore pyrogenic attack technique, blast-furnace smelting and electrosmelting are conventional process flow, although wherein blast-furnace smelting production capacity is large, invest high, production cost is high, and more than 80% of electrosmelting energy consumption has electric energy to provide, and energy consumption is high.And the relative density of nickel is larger, is easily deposited on furnace bottom, furnace wall and furnace bottom is caused to be etched or to burn.In addition, the maximum shortcoming of above two kinds of techniques is that ferronickel carbon content is high, produces cause very large difficulty to stainless steel.
Based on the shortcoming of above pyrometallurgical smelting, metallurgical researcher develops the technique of non-traditional flow process, comprises kiln process and rotary hearth furnace method.Although kiln process is invested, little, technique is simple, and production capacity is low, and floor space is large, and level of automation is not high.And the investment of rotary hearth furnace method is large, production capacity is low, complex process.
In sum, for the ore deposit phase feature of red soil nickel ore and the shortcoming of existing technique, develop rational Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore, become ferronickel and produce extremely urgent demand.
The application publication number of Chinese patent is CN 101935794 A, exercise question is a kind of method that red soil nickel ore produces Rhometal in shaft furnace-molten point stove, its technical scheme is: carbonaceous pelletizing made by red soil nickel ore powder and reductive agent (coal dust, coke powder or semicoke), then in shaft furnace at the temperature of 800 ~ 1250 DEG C, reductase 12 ~ 8h, pelletizing pulverizing and jevigating after reduction, magnetic separation obtain ferronickel concentrate, again concentrate is mixed with additive and suppress balling-up, melting at the temperature of in point stove 1450 ~ 1550 DEG C, obtain Rhometal through 20 ~ 60min melting.The method technology maturation, simple to operate, easy control of process conditions.The method has following shortcoming:
(1) the method adopts coal base reduction method, namely uses coal dust, coke powder or semicoke as reductive agent, cannot realize the reducing degree of nickel and iron in reduction process, thus controls the nickel content in Rhometal;
(2) carbonaceous reducing agent is conducive to carburizing, causes carbon content in ferronickel higher, is unfavorable for stainless steel smelting;
(3) harmful elements such as S, P of containing in carbonaceous reducing agent can enter product Rhometal, reduce the quality of ferronickel;
(4) reduction shaft furnace temperature is at about 1000 DEG C, and molten point temperature is at about 1500 DEG C, causes the observable index of whole operation higher;
(5) in molten point process, furnace wall and the furnace bottom of molten point stove are easily etched or burn.
The application publication number of Chinese patent is CN 101603110 A, exercise question is take red soil nickel ore as the method for raw material with shaft kiln directly reduced ferronickel, its technical scheme is: red soil nickel ore and reductive agent (coal dust or coke powder) load shaft furnace in proportion, pre-heating drying 2 ~ 4h at the temperature of 700 ~ 900 DEG C, heat reduction 4 ~ 8h at the temperature of 900 ~ 1300 DEG C again, again through fragmentation, ball milling, magnetic separation, briquetting, obtain qualified direct-reduction ferronickel.The method investment is little, production capacity is high, process stabilizing, simple to operate, mechanization degree is high, working cost is low.The reductive agent that the method uses is still carbonaceous reducing agent, and the reducing degree of uncontrollable nickel and iron in reduction process, cannot regulate and control the content of nickel in Rhometal.And carbonaceous reducing agent causes S, P and carbon content in Rhometal to increase, and reduces the quality of product ferronickel.
The application publication number of Chinese patent is CN 101845530 A, exercise question is the technique that Rhometal produced by laterite fluidized-bed, its technical scheme is: after laterite drying, fragmentation, screening, obtain the laterite breeze being less than 3mm, then, in fluidized-solids roaster, be preheating to 700 ~ 950 DEG C, then in reduction fluidized-bed at the temperature of 650 ~ 900 DEG C reduce 30 ~ 100min, again through broken, physical sepn, obtain qualified direct-reduction ferronickel.The method is strong to adaptability to raw material, and save pelletizing operation, temperature of reaction is low, and energy consumption is low, and Rhometal quality product is high, and can the content of nickel in flexible Rhometal.The method just has following shortcoming:
(1) the method is in reduction process, due to the appearance of metallic iron, causes the generation of bonding defluidization in fluidized-bed.Especially, in reduction fluidized-bed, when temperature reaches 900 DEG C, leakage is more serious.After defluidization occurs, must stop production cleaning, thus cannot continuous operation, affects the production capacity of whole technique;
(2) in fluidized-bed, because powder there will be back-mixing in various degree, the time causing powder to stop in fluidized-bed is different, and therefore reducing degree is different, thus the ferronickel quality of producing is uneven.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for a kind of controlling reduction red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel, nickel content in Rhometal cannot be regulated and controled with what solve that existing Proress Technolgies of Laterite-nickel Ore produces that ferronickel method exists, in Rhometal carbon content and S, P content high, explained hereafter energy consumption is high, operation serialization is poor, the problems such as ferronickel quality is uneven.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A method for controlling reduction red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel, comprises the steps:
(1) ore is carried out gas drying;
(2) ore after drying carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3) mineral dust after screening enters in fluidized-bed and carries out prereduction through reducing gas;
(4) the mineral dust hot wafering after prereduction;
(5) ore after briquetting enters shaft furnace and reduces through reducing gas;
(6) ore after reduction treatment carries out fragmentation, levigate and carry out physical sepn and obtain high-quality Rhometal;
The gas of described step (1) comes from fluid bed furnace top gas in step (3); In described step (3), fluidized-bed is multistage fluidized bed, and reducing gas comes from vertical furnace top gas in step (5); In described step (3) and (5), reducing gas is one or more in gas maked coal, converting coke oven gas gas and gas renormalizing gas.
Preferably, described reducing gas enters after gas heating stove heating through desulfurization and decarburization and enters reduction shaft furnace mineral dust.
Preferably, the ore in described step (1) is red soil nickel ore, and wherein nickel grade is 0.5% ~ 3%, Iron grade 10% ~ 50%.
Preferably, the gas temperature in described step (1) is 100 ~ 150 DEG C, and ore oven dry is less than 5% to breeze moisture content.
Preferably, the red soil nickel ore in described step (2) is broken to and is less than 3mm, sieves out the red soil nickel ore powder of 0.01 ~ 3mm.
Preferably, in described step (3), multistage fluidized bed is 2-4 level, and the temperature of reducing gas is 400 ~ 650 DEG C, CO+H in gas
2>=55%, pre-reduction time is 60 ~ 120min, and multistage fluidized bed internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 0.4MPa.
Preferably, the reducing gas temperature in described step (5) is 700 ~ 900 DEG C, CO+H in gas
2>=70%, the recovery time is 30 ~ 60min, and shaft furnace internal pressure is 0.4 ~ 1.0MPa.
Preferably, the metallization red soil nickel ore of being discharged by shaft furnace in described step (6) is broken, levigate to being less than 74 μm, obtain nickel grade through physical sepn and be greater than 10%, P < 0.035%, the high-quality Rhometal of S < 0.030%, C < 1.0%.
Preferably, described physical sepn comprises magnetic separation, flotation or gravity treatment.
Preferably, the gas after drying in described step (1) carries out mixing Posterior circle through scrubbing dust collection and reducing gas and uses.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) reductive agent of the present invention is gaseous reducing agent, and can derive from gas maked coal, converting coke oven gas gas or gas renormalizing gas, gas raw material is in extensive range, and has essence different from solid carbonaceous reducing agent.Except by controlling reduction temperature and recovery time, realize outside the reducing degree of iron and nickel in regulation and control red soil nickel ore, can also by controlling CO+H in reducing gas
2ratio, the reducing degree of iron and nickel in regulation and control red soil nickel ore, really realizes the content controlling nickel in product Rhometal.Therefore the spendable red soil nickel ore of the present invention is in extensive range, and nickel grade is 0.5% ~ 3%, and the resource of Iron grade 10% ~ 50% is all applicable.
(2) the present invention adopts clean gaseous reducing agent, P < 0.035%, S < 0.030% in the Rhometal of production, and by controlling CO+H in reducing gas
2ratio, C < 1.0% in controllable Rhometal.
(3) the present invention adopts the technique of fluidized-bed prereduction+reduction shaft furnace, for the inhomogenous breeze of reducing degree in fluidized-bed, can reach uniform reducing degree after reduction shaft furnace, ensures all product high quality of the method and uniformity.
(4) the present invention adopts multistage fluidized bed as prereduction device, because in fluidized-bed, temperature is lower, and CO+H in reducing gas
2ratio also lower, the metallic iron restored in breeze is not only few, and the defluidization that bonds can not occur, thus ensures the operation serialization of whole technical process.
(5) reduction temperature of the present invention is less than 900 DEG C, temperature of charge need not be elevated to more than 1500 DEG C, and the energy consumption of whole technical process is significantly reduced.
(6) the present invention adopts fluidized-bed prereduction, not only takes full advantage of the feature that fluid-bed heat transfer efficiency is high, speed of response is fast, and saves the operation of pressure ball or pelletizing and follow-up agglomerates, both shortened technical process, and again reduced energy consumption.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram of a kind of controlling reduction of the present invention red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel;
Embodiment
In order to better the present invention is described, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described.
As shown in the figure, a kind of method of controlling reduction red soil nickel ore production high-quality ferronickel, comprises the steps:
(1) red soil nickel ore raw material is carried out gas drying;
(2) the red soil nickel ore raw material after drying carries out fragmentation, screening;
(3) the red soil nickel ore powder after screening enters in fluidized-bed and carries out prereduction through reducing gas;
(4) the red soil nickel ore powder hot-pressing block after prereduction;
(5) red soil nickel ore after briquetting enters shaft furnace and reduces through reducing gas;
(6) red soil nickel ore after reduction treatment carries out fragmentation, levigate and carry out physical sepn and obtain high-quality Rhometal;
Described red soil nickel ore, wherein nickel grade is 0.5% ~ 3%, Iron grade 10% ~ 50%.Ore resource is applied widely.Described reducing gas is one or more in gas maked coal, converting coke oven gas gas and gas renormalizing gas.Adopt gaseous reducing agent, nickel content in real realization regulation and control product Rhometal, and reduce the content of S, P, C in Rhometal, be conducive to stainless steel smelting.
Reducing gas enters gas heating stove and heats after desulfurization and decarburization, then enters shaft furnace, by shaft furnace furnace roof discharge laggard enter fluidized-bed, by fluidized-bed expellant gas be used for dry red soil nickel ore, then through scrubbing dust collection, then mix with fresh reducing gas.Reducing gas composition realizes regulation and control by reducing gas preparation section and gas decarbonization process.Vertical furnace top gas is used for fluid bed reduction, and fluid bed furnace top gas is used for red soil nickel ore dries.Reducing gas only by one-time heating to 700 ~ 900 DEG C, this had both taken full advantage of the heat of gas, had been improved the reduction utilization ratio of gas, had significantly reduced the energy consumption of whole technique.
Gas temperature in described step (1) is 100 ~ 150 DEG C, and red soil nickel ore raw material stoving is less than 5% to breeze moisture content.
Red soil nickel ore in described step (2) is broken to and is less than 3mm, sieves out the red soil nickel ore powder of 0.01 ~ 3mm.
Multistage fluidized bed in described step (3), preferred 2-4 level fluidized-bed, the temperature of reducing gas is 400 ~ 650 DEG C, CO+H in gas
2>=55%, pre-reduction time is 60 ~ 120min, and multistage fluidized bed internal pressure is 0.1 ~ 0.4MPa.In described step (5), reducing gas temperature is 700 ~ 900 DEG C, CO+H in gas
2>=70%, the recovery time is 30 ~ 60min, and shaft furnace internal pressure is 0.4 ~ 1.0MPa.Adopt the technique of fluidized-bed prereduction+reduction shaft furnace, make use of the feature that fluid-bed heat transfer efficiency is high, speed of response is fast, turn avoid the appearance of bonding defluidization problem, shaft furnace can also ensure that quality product is homogeneous simultaneously.In addition eliminate the operation of pressure ball or pelletizing and follow-up agglomerates, both shortened technical process, again reduce energy consumption.
The metallization red soil nickel ore of being discharged by shaft furnace in described step (6) is broken, levigate to being less than 74 μm, obtain nickel grade through physical sepn and be greater than 10%, P < 0.035%, S < 0.030%, the high-quality Rhometal of C < 1.0%, this product can be directly used in stainless steel smelting, also can preserve or long-distance transport after briquetting.Described physical sepn comprises magnetic separation, flotation or gravity treatment.
Reducing gas of the present invention can derive from gas maked coal, converting coke oven gas gas or gas renormalizing gas, and in red soil nickel ore, nickel grade is 0.5% ~ 3%, Iron grade 10% ~ 50%, gas raw material and ore scope wide.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.