CN101463398B - Blast furnace iron manufacturing process - Google Patents
Blast furnace iron manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101463398B CN101463398B CN2009100766344A CN200910076634A CN101463398B CN 101463398 B CN101463398 B CN 101463398B CN 2009100766344 A CN2009100766344 A CN 2009100766344A CN 200910076634 A CN200910076634 A CN 200910076634A CN 101463398 B CN101463398 B CN 101463398B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for ironmaking by a novel blast furnace. A pressure-swing absorption apparatus and a blast furnace ironmaking device are combined and applied. Carbon monoxide is enriched from blast furnace coal gas by the pressure-swing absorption apparatus after cooling and removing dust, and the enriched carbon monoxide returns to the blast furnace from different parts of the blast furnace. The invention not only lowers coke consumption during the ironmaking process and reduces the coke rate and the energy consumption for ironmaking by the blast furnace, but also solves the problem that utilization rate of the blast furnace coal gas is low. The invention reduces the emission of harmful gas, such as the carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the like and is good for the environmental protection. Under proper condition, the coke rate can be reduced from 420kg/t to 180kg/t by the method to the maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of blast furnace iron-making method, particularly relate to a kind of blast furnace iron-making method transformation absorption and blast furnace ironmaking combined utilization.
Background technology
One of the basic industry of China's Iron And Steel Industry are blast furnace ironmakings, and nearly all steel raw material is all by blast furnace ironmaking production, so the by product of blast furnace ironmaking: the discharge capacity of blast furnace gas is huge.Because the incendivity component concentration is not high enough in the blast furnace gas, recycling has big difficulty, domestic steel industry has in the direct discharged air of a large amount of blast furnace gas, if with 100,000,000 tons of pig iron of the annual product in the whole nation, the quantity discharged of mark 10% by volume, the CO volume fraction is by 25% in the blast furnace gas, and then being discharged into airborne CO is 4.5 hundred million m
3This shows that the direct discharging of steel industry blast furnace gas is contaminate environment but also waste resource not only.
In the blast furnace ironmaking process, general iron-smelting blast furnace coke ratio is 400～500kg/t, along with rising steadily of coke price, how to reduce coke ratio and more efficient use blast furnace gas and become the problem that people more and more pay close attention to, various for this reason new iron-smelting process constantly produce.For example:
People such as Fang Xing disclose a kind of method of producing the direct-reduced iron and the pig iron in Chinese patent 200510123467.6, this method has technology, and simply to have a production cost low, and technology is simple and direct, and the little grade of environmental pollution a bit.
People such as Zhou Jiule disclose a kind of blast furnace iron-making process of coal gas of high temperature in Chinese patent 200810011158.3, and this technology, blasts from blast furnace hearth top then and participates in the blast furnace smelting gas preheating to 1250～1450 ℃ by horizontal-type high temperature hot-blast furnace.Thereby the reduction coke ratio, and fuel economy consumes 143kg/t.
Li Jia newly waits the people, discloses a kind of efficient low CO in Chinese patent 03131995.5
2Discharging hydrogen-rich combustion gas pure oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process, this iron-smelting process are included in blast-furnace tuyere ejection hydrogen-rich fuel (Sweet natural gas or coke-oven gas), and this iron-smelting process can make blast furnace coke ratio be reduced to 250kg/t.Set forth the effect of winding-up Sweet natural gas in this patent, at first hydrogen-rich fuel (Sweet natural gas or coke-oven gas) has been sprayed into blast-furnace tuyere, in the blast-furnace tuyere district, the at first cracking of Sweet natural gas or coke-oven gas, and in oxygen generation combustion reactions: CH
4=C+2H
2C
nH
m=nC+m/2H
2C+O
2=CO
2CO
2+ C=CO. can see that from reaction process the final product that transforms of Sweet natural gas is CO.
As the volume fraction of CO in the blast furnace gas being brought up to more than 60% (is that calorific value reaches 7536kJ/m
3More than), its use that just can directly act as a fuel, and do not need to join again coke(oven)gas or oil fuel; But use blast furnace gas to use as burning gas, incendiary thermo-efficiency is lower; If can and return blast furnace and use CO enrichment in the blast furnace gas, then can reduce the usage quantity of coke in the iron-smelting process significantly, further reduce the energy consumption of iron-smelting process, and can reduce the discharging of blast furnace gas as reducing gas.In the enrichment and purification process of CO, pressure swing adsorption technique more and more is subjected to people and pays close attention to.Because the research and development of new adsorbent are for the CO in separation and the purification blast furnace gas provides possibility.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of blast furnace iron-smelting method, with pressure swing adsorption technique and blast furnace iron-making process combined utilization, utilize pressure-swing absorption apparatus through pressure-swing adsorption process blast furnace gas, enrichment goes out carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide of enrichment is returned blast furnace from the different sites of blast furnace.
Wherein, described blast furnace gas carries out transformation absorption again after the cooling dedusting, and the cooling dedusting utilizes conventional equipment to carry out, as heat exchanger, and dust settling pocket etc.
Described pressure-swing absorption apparatus is made of at least 2 adsorption beds of filling sorbent material; Sorbent material is one or more in the aluminum oxide of the gac of molecular sieve, load copper compound of aluminium sesquioxide, silica gel, activated carbon, load copper compound and load copper compound.
Described adsorption process comprises following circulation step: absorption (A), all press (ED), along put (P), slow rinse (C), contraryly put (BD), vacuumize (V), pressurising (ER), whole pressurising (FR), the pressure of adsorption step is at 0.01～4.0Mpa; The pressure of described displacement step is at 0.01～1.8Mpa; Described vacuumize step pressure be-0.05～-0.09Mpa.
The different sites of described blast furnace is meant in blast orifice, bosh, furnace bosh and four positions of shaft of blast furnace any one or a plurality of position.
It is 20～1800 ℃ that the temperature of the carbon monoxide of described enrichment is utilized scope, and purity is 30～99.9%, be to improve reduction efficiency, the purity of the carbon monoxide of enrichment can be adjusted into 50～99.9% by improving adsorptive pressure and increasing adsorption bed quantity.
The CO of enrichment is returned the alternative coke reducing iron ore of stove, reduce the consumption of reductive agent coke greatly, reduce the coke ratio of blast furnace, under appropriate condition, coke ratio can be reduced to 180kg/t from 420kg/t.
Specialize as nothing, the used pressure of the present invention is gauge pressure.
Utilize the principle and the process of CO reducing iron ore as follows:
Pellet, alkaline agglomerate, coke, Wingdale are sent into blast furnace from Top of BF in certain proportion, the CO after separation and the purification is returned in the blast furnace.Because reducing gas is dense, the reduction reaction that iron ore and CO take place:
3Fe
2O
3+CO＝2Fe
3O
4+CO
2
Fe
3O
4+CO＝3FeO+CO
2
FeO+CO＝Fe+CO
2
Owing to adopt and blast a large amount of CO to blast furnace, replaced part of coke as reductive agent, because the CO reduction reaction is thermopositive reaction, also can save the coke that part acts as a fuel simultaneously.
With two transformation adsorption process (A, two adsorption beds of B) is example, describes the detailed process by the CO in the transformation adsorption and enrichment blast furnace gas, and following process serves as main the description with the A adsorption bed:
Absorption (A): the blast furnace gas after the preliminary cleaning under certain pressure (0.01～4.0Mpa) enters adsorption bed A, the quick CO absorption of sorbent material in the adsorption bed, other components that are not adsorbed distillate under this pressure;
Drop pressure (ED): allow adsorption bed A be communicated with, reduce the pressure of adsorption bed A, adsorption bed B is boosted, all press back two pressure of end identical with the adsorption bed B that is in lower pressure; The B bed imports pressurising gas then, gives vent to anger with the gold-plating of A bed and carries out whole pressurising, begins absorption;
Along putting (P): open A tower top sequencing valve, make the A tower forward put pressure (cat head outflow), forward put and calm the anger through top outflow return-air cabinet;
Slow rinse (C): the CO gas by A tower bottom importing enrichment, under 0.01～1.8Mpa gauge pressure, carry out forward slow rinse to the A tower;
The reverse pressure (BD) of putting: from adsorption tower bottom to the contrary products C O of putting;
Vacuumize (V): adsorption bed is vacuumized, extraction promptly be products C O, vacuumize when finishing, adsorption bed pressure should reach-0.05～-0.09Mpa;
All press pressurising (ER): make adsorption bed and B tower carry out pressure equalization, pressurising gas is imported by the adsorption tower bottom, and pressurising finishes, and adsorption bed pressure equates with the B pressure tower.
Whole pressurising (FR): effluent gases is reverse to carry out pressurising to the A tower by adsorbing, and makes pressure be raised to adsorptive pressure.
A, two detailed transformation adsorption process of B see Table 1:
Two transformation adsorption process of table 1
The method of novel blast-furnace ironmaking provided by the invention, absorption of combined utilization transformation and blast furnace ironmaking, utilize transformation absorption enrichment carbon monoxide and carbon monoxide returned blast furnace from the different sites of blast furnace from the blast furnace gas mixture, both saved the coke consumption in the iron-smelting process, the coke ratio and the energy consumption of blast furnace ironmaking have been reduced, solved the low problem of utilising efficiency of blast furnace gas again, reduced carbon monoxide, discharge of harmful gases such as carbonic acid gas, be beneficial to environmental protection, under proper condition, utilize two pressure swing adsorption techniques, the highlyest coke ratio can be reduced to 180kg/t from 420kg/t.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the novel blast-furnace iron-smelting process schematic flow sheet of transformation absorption and blast furnace ironmaking combined utilization, and transformation is adsorbed as two flow process, and the position that blasts CO is at blast orifice, wherein 1-blast furnace ironmaking device; The 2-compressor; 3, the 4-adsorption bed; The 5-vacuum pump; 6-product gas hold-up vessel; 7-absorption tail gas hold-up vessel.
Fig. 2 is the blast furnace ironmaking schematic representation of apparatus described in Fig. 1, wherein h1-shaft; The h2-furnace bosh; The h3-bosh.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, combine ironmaking with two flow process pressure swing adsorption techniques with blast furnace iron-making process, compare with conventional iron-smelting process.
The used sorbent material of the adsorption bed of two flow process pressure swing adsorption techniques is the molecular sieve of load copper compound, described adsorption process comprises following circulation step: absorption, all press, along put, slow rinse, contraryly put, vacuumize, pressurising, whole pressurising, wherein the pressure of adsorption step is at 0.3Mpa; The pressure of described displacement step is at 0.01Mpa; The described step pressure that vacuumizes is-0.06Mpa.
The blast furnace gas of furnace roof is cooled to room temperature with heat exchanger, is 70% CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas through pressure-swing adsorption process enrichment purity, and directly the shaft from blast furnace blasts, and other iron manufacturing process and conventional iron manufacturing process are identical.
Initial condition:
(1) main component of iron ore raw material sees Table 2:
The main component table of table 2 iron ore raw material
(2) coke composition and coke ash, volatile matter and organic composition see Table 3-1,3-2 and 3-3:
Table 3-1 coke composition (%)
Table 3-2 coke ash (%)
Table 3-3 coke volatile component and organic content (%)
(3) the coal dust composition sees Table 4:
Table 4 coal dust composition (%)
(4) the conversion pig composition sees Table 5:
Table 5 conversion pig composition (%)
(5) ratio of components: agglomerate 70%, pellet 20%.Natural ore deposit 10%.
(6) the element partition ratio sees Table 6:
Table 6 element partition ratio
(7) basicity of slag R=CaO/SiO
2=1.05
According to above initial condition, carry out conventional blast furnace iron-making process and novel blast-furnace iron-smelting process and carry out index relatively (seeing Table 7):
The index of novel iron-smelting process of table 7 and conventional iron-smelting process
Obviously, the pressure swing adsorption technique that utilizes the present invention to propose combines ironmaking with blast furnace iron-making process, and its coke ratio descends greatly, and 420kg/t drops to 180kg/t from conventional amount used; Coal has decline than also, drops to 100kg/t from 160kg/t; Blast volume also drops to 972kg/t from 1570kg/t, compares with conventional iron-smelting process formulation, has reduced raw materials cost and operation cost, and the concentration of inflammable gass such as CO in the stock gas of discharging also has raising, and is favourable to utilizing again of stock gas.
Claims (4)
1. blast furnace iron-smelting method, it is characterized in that, with pressure swing adsorption technique and blast furnace iron-making process combined utilization, utilize pressure-swing absorption apparatus through pressure-swing adsorption process blast furnace gas, enrichment goes out carbon monoxide, and the carbon monoxide of enrichment returned blast furnace from the different sites of blast furnace, wherein, described pressure-swing absorption apparatus is made of 2 adsorption beds of filling sorbent material at least; Described sorbent material is one or more in the aluminum oxide of the gac of molecular sieve, load copper compound of load copper compound and load copper compound; The absorption of described transformation comprises following circulation step: absorption, all press, along put, slow rinse, contraryly put, vacuumize, pressurising, whole pressurising; Wherein, the pressure of described adsorption step is at 0.01～4.0Mpa; The pressure of described displacement step is at 0.01～1.8Mpa; Described vacuumize step pressure be-0.05～-0.09Mpa.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described blast furnace gas carries out transformation absorption again after the cooling dedusting.
3. the method for claim 1, the different sites that it is characterized in that described blast furnace is meant in blast orifice, bosh, furnace bosh and four positions of shaft of blast furnace any one or a plurality of position, and it is 20～1800 ℃ that the temperature of the carbon monoxide of described enrichment is utilized scope.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the purity of the carbon monoxide of described enrichment is 30～99.9%.
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2719779A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-16 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Blast-furnace process with recycle of a CO-fraction of the blast furnace gas and production plant for same |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101805811B (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-07-20 | 钢铁研究总院 | Method and device for smelting iron by using pure-oxygen and hydrogen-rich gas |
| CN102643681A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-22 | 北京北大先锋科技有限公司 | A technology of blast furnace gas condensation |
| CN102133498A (en) * | 2011-03-02 | 2011-07-27 | 四川同盛科技有限责任公司 | Pressure swing adsorption method for simultaneously preparing high-purity hydrogen and carbon monoxide |
| CN114452771A (en) * | 2022-01-16 | 2022-05-10 | 四川天人化学工程有限公司 | Improved process for purifying low-hydrogen high-concentration carbon monoxide |
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2009
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2719779A1 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-16 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Blast-furnace process with recycle of a CO-fraction of the blast furnace gas and production plant for same |
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Address after: 100080 401, Yanyuan resources building, 151 Zhongguancun North Street, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee after: Beijing Beida Pioneer Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100080 Beijing City, Haidian District Zhongguancun No. 151 North Street Yanyuan Resources Building Room 401 Patentee before: BEIJING PEKING UNIVERSITY PIONEER TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |