CN112301022A - 一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用 - Google Patents

一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用 Download PDF

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CN112301022A
CN112301022A CN202011242272.4A CN202011242272A CN112301022A CN 112301022 A CN112301022 A CN 112301022A CN 202011242272 A CN202011242272 A CN 202011242272A CN 112301022 A CN112301022 A CN 112301022A
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赵迎春
沈涛
程伟
杜新园
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Cangzhou Xiasheng Enzyme Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
Hunan Xiasheng Enzyme Technology Co.,Ltd.
NINGXIA SUNSON INDUSTRY GROUP Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用。属于生物酶制剂技术领域。包括如下质量份数的组分:纤维素酶50~55份、木聚糖酶10~15份、果胶酶5~10份、纤维二糖酶10~15份和甘露聚糖酶1~5份。与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果为:操作简单,不使用特殊设备,且不会引入其他污染物。由于复合酶的使用而快速有效地降低了糊浆的粘度,使马铃薯糊浆淀粉乳和薯渣的分离效率提高,从而可以提高马铃薯淀粉的收率。另外,通过缩短生产加工周期提高设备利用率;由于有效降低了马铃薯糊浆的粘度,可以降低配水比,大大减少了体系用水,减少环境污染,并节约水、电、汽等的能耗。

Description

一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及生物酶制剂技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用。
背景技术
马铃薯是重要的经济作物,从单位面积的马铃薯里可以得到比禾本科作物高2~4倍的淀粉,因此是生产淀粉及其他制品的重要原料。我国是世界马铃薯生产大国,马铃薯资源丰富,种植区域广且相对集中,非常适合于工业化淀粉生产。马铃薯淀粉性能优良,用途广阔,很有开发价值,发展马铃薯淀粉加工业,对于调整农业产业结构、发展区域性经济和带动种植业发展具有积极意义。
马铃薯化学成分主要有水、淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素及灰分等。其块茎的外表有皮质覆盖,淀粉在块茎皮质层的含量要比髓心多。马铃薯除了20%~25%的淀粉外,还含有3%左右的蛋白质,特别是块茎皮质以及纤维物质等的存在,造成分离效率低下也易使马铃薯淀粉杂质含量偏多,质量不高。
综上,如何提高马铃薯淀粉提取效率及质量是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶及其应用。该复合酶可以提高马铃薯淀粉加工中薯渣与淀粉乳分离效率,进而提高马铃薯淀粉的收率。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,包括如下质量份数的组分:纤维素酶50~55份、木聚糖酶10~15份、果胶酶5~10份、纤维二糖酶10~15份和甘露聚糖酶1~5份。
该复合酶的作用机理是:复合酶的作用可以使马铃薯糊浆包裹的淀粉细胞壁很快分解、崩溃,能够使块茎皮层的不透性变成通透性,快速降解糊浆中的非淀粉多糖,降低糊浆粘度,充分释放块茎中的各种成分,有利于各种成分的分离,还能缩短破碎和分离时间进而缩短生产加工周期。
优选的,一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,包括如下质量份数的组分:纤维素酶52份、木聚糖酶15份、果胶酶8份、纤维二糖酶12份和甘露聚糖酶3份。
优选的,所述纤维素酶为外切纤维素酶或内切纤维素酶。
优选的,所述木聚糖酶为内切木聚糖酶或外切木聚糖酶。
优选的,所述果胶酶为果胶裂解酶。
一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶在制备马铃薯淀粉中的应用。
优选的,使用所述复合酶对马铃薯糊浆进行酶解。
马铃薯糊浆由液体、薯渣和游离淀粉三部分组成,改变其中某一成分都会影响分离效果。薯糊中游离淀粉含量与马铃薯淀粉含量以及马铃薯的破碎程度有关,马铃薯的破碎程度越细和糊浆中马铃薯淀粉含量越高,则薯糊中游离淀粉含量越高;反之越低。本发明的复合酶能将马铃薯糊浆中的纤维物质快速高效地降解,从而使得粉浆粘度降低,可使马铃薯糊浆中的淀粉乳与薯渣分离效率明显提高,使薯渣中所夹带的游离淀粉降至最低程度,从而提高淀粉的提取率,提高设备的利用率,降低能耗。
优选的,所述复合酶在马铃薯糊浆中的质量浓度为0.02%~0.03%。
此质量浓度下即可有效水解马铃薯糊浆中纤维素、木聚糖等物质,又不致使酶浓度过大,造成复合酶的浪费。
优选的,酶解温度为40~60℃、酶解pH值为4.5~5.5。酶解时间60min。
此条件下是所属复合酶最佳的反应条件,可最大限度发挥复合酶的酶解作用。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明取得的有益效果为:本发明方法操作简单,不使用特殊设备,使用效果好,且不会引入其他污染物。由于复合酶的使用而快速有效地降低了糊浆的粘度,使马铃薯糊浆淀粉乳和薯渣的分离效率提高,从而可以提高马铃薯淀粉的收率。另外,通过缩短生产加工周期提高设备利用率;由于有效降低了马铃薯糊浆的粘度,可以降低配水比,大大减少了体系用水,减少环境污染,并节约水、电、汽等的能耗。因此特别适用于工厂大规模生产。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明所需药剂为常规实验药剂,采购自市售渠道;未提及的实验方法为常规实验方法,在此不再一一赘述。
实施例1
(一)复合酶制备
称取纤维素酶50kg、木聚糖酶10kg、果胶裂解酶5kg、纤维二糖酶10kg和甘露聚糖酶1kg,混合均匀备用。
(二)马铃薯淀粉的制备
(1)调节马铃薯糊浆的pH值为5,得预处理马铃薯糊浆;
(2)向预处理马铃薯糊浆内加入质量浓度0.02%的复合酶,混合并均质;
(3)50℃条件下酶解,酶解时间60min;
(4)经板框分离、在按固液比1:10搅拌混合洗涤、如此反复洗涤3次,再经板框过滤,将固体粉料经气流干燥器干燥后得到马铃薯淀粉。
实施例2
(一)复合酶制备
称取纤维素酶55kg、木聚糖酶15kg、果胶裂解酶10kg、纤维二糖酶15kg和甘露聚糖酶5kg,混合均匀备用。
(二)马铃薯淀粉的制备
(1)调节马铃薯糊浆的pH值为4.5,得预处理马铃薯糊浆;
(2)向预处理马铃薯糊浆内加入质量浓度0.03%的复合酶,混合并均质;
(3)40℃条件下酶解,酶解时间60min;
(4)经板框分离、在按固液比1:10搅拌混合洗涤、如此反复洗涤3次,再经板框过滤,将固体粉料经气流干燥器干燥后得到马铃薯淀粉。
实施例3
(一)复合酶制备
称取纤维素酶52kg、木聚糖酶15kg、果胶裂解酶8kg、纤维二糖酶12kg和甘露聚糖酶3kg,混合均匀备用。
(二)马铃薯淀粉的制备
(1)调节马铃薯糊浆的pH值为5.5,得预处理马铃薯糊浆;
(2)向预处理马铃薯糊浆内加入质量浓度0.02%的复合酶,混合并均质;
(3)60℃条件下酶解,酶解时间60min;
(4)经板框分离、在按固液比1:10搅拌混合洗涤、如此反复洗涤3次,再经板框过滤,将固体粉料经气流干燥器干燥后得到马铃薯淀粉。
对比例1
(一)马铃薯淀粉的制备
步骤(2)中不加入复合酶,其余操作通实施例1。
实验1
(1)评价对象:实施例1~3及对比例1制备的马铃薯淀粉。
(2)评价指标:电单耗、水单耗、汽单耗、淀粉收率(绝干收率),其中:
淀粉收率(绝干收率)=实际马铃薯淀粉质量(绝干)÷马铃薯淀粉含量(绝干)×100%。
(3)评价结果:评价结果如表1所示。
表1评价结果
电单耗(度/吨) 水单耗(吨/吨) 汽单耗(吨/吨) 淀粉收率
实施例1 108 1.65 0.81 72.95%
实施例2 109 1.67 0.82 72.57%
实施例3 108 1.66 0.81 72.67%
对比例1 114 1.8 0.86 70.29%
由表1结果可以看出,点单耗吨淀粉节约6度电,水单耗吨淀粉节约0.15吨,汽单耗吨节约0.05吨。说明本发明的复合酶可以有效降低马铃薯糊浆的黏度,可以减低配水比,大大减少了体系用水,减少环境污染,并节约水、电、汽的能耗,特别适用于工厂大规模生产。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,其特征在于,包括如下质量份数的组分:纤维素酶50~55份、木聚糖酶10~15份、果胶酶5~10份、纤维二糖酶10~15份和甘露聚糖酶1~5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,其特征在于,包括如下质量份数的组分:纤维素酶52份、木聚糖酶15份、果胶酶8份、纤维二糖酶12份和甘露聚糖酶3份。
3.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,其特征在于,所述纤维素酶为外切纤维素酶或内切纤维素酶。
4.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,其特征在于,所述木聚糖酶为内切木聚糖酶。
5.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶,其特征在于,所述果胶酶为果胶裂解酶。
6.如权利要求1或2任一所述的一种马铃薯淀粉加工用复合酶在制备马铃薯淀粉中的应用。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,使用所述复合酶对马铃薯糊浆进行酶解。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述复合酶在马铃薯糊浆中的质量浓度为0.02%~0.03%。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,酶解温度为40~60℃、酶解pH值为4.5~5.5,酶解时间60min。
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