CN1123009A - 催化系统及其使用 - Google Patents

催化系统及其使用 Download PDF

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CN1123009A
CN1123009A CN94192106A CN94192106A CN1123009A CN 1123009 A CN1123009 A CN 1123009A CN 94192106 A CN94192106 A CN 94192106A CN 94192106 A CN94192106 A CN 94192106A CN 1123009 A CN1123009 A CN 1123009A
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K·A·J·发尔克
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Abstract

一种气体净化催化装置包括一个从耐热金属丝生产并成型为具有许多邻接金属织物层的预定形式组件的开孔网目针织或纺织织物，和一个围绕该组件并形成气体通流孔道的壳体。该装置的特征在于，该金属织物组件中这些层的至少一半由一种一般在至少两个方向上连续并在两个方向之间形成一个角的波纹状金属织物组成；其特征还在于，该波纹状金属织物在该组件中的安排使得所述的顶点指向与该通流孔道方向横切的方向。

Description

催化系统及其使用
本发明涉及一种按照权利要求1的前序部分，适用于内燃机、尤其较小和/或较简单的发动机例如草地割草机、汽动锯、机动自行车等机动装置上使用的发动机的气体净化催化系统。
内燃机排出的尾气是借助于催化系统净化的，该系统包括含有催化剂载体的催化装置，载体上施用了一种适用催化物质，例如铂和/或钯等最常用的物质，尽管也使用有机材料。
这类催化系统最初是用来净化私人小轿车的尾气的，因为在1970年代和1980年代，尤其是美国，对消除私人小轿车尾气中的有害物质有很高的要求。私人小轿车上装配的催化系统使用所谓独石的陶瓷材料载体，该载体有施用了催化物质的通透孔道。对催化系统的催化装置有很高的要求，除其它方面外主要涉及其耐热性能，因为内燃机排出的尾气可能达到大约1000℃的温度。
打算用于私人小轿车发动机的催化装置相当昂贵，其原因是期望它们达到的净化程度高，而且，除其它方面外，因为催化剂载体必须包含极脆的因而在该载体制造期间难以处置的高级陶瓷材料。结果，所生产的陶瓷载体装置大部分不得不报废，这大大增加了已经很高的制造成本。
因此，已经有人提出在那些对其纯尾气排放物的要求不太高的较低级别发动机中使用金属催化剂载体。这样的催化剂载体目前用于例如一些小型摩托车型号中。在这种情况下，催化剂载体由一种压成波纹状并卷成圆柱形的金属薄板组成，这些波纹形成通透孔道。在这些圆柱周围放置一个金属卡套。然而，这种载体的一个缺点是它的表面积相对于其体积和质量而言是有限的。这种载体也是相当昂贵的。
也已经有人提出从纺织或针织金属丝制作催化装置的催化剂载体。DE-A-3,024,491(CA-A-1,165,247)描述了一种配备催化系统的发动机，该系统的催化剂载体由一种针织金属丝组成，并载带分别为金属氧化物和催化剂的两层东西。 EP-A-0,061,304也公开一种针织金属丝催化剂载体，它包括一些间距，从而当诸如呈卷曲形式时能得到一种有形状稳定构造的催化装置。1960年代US-A-3,262,783中提出了使用诸如由Inconel型耐热金属丝组成的针织织物制造催化装置。
尽管有与其它类型催化剂载体相联系的上述缺点，但所提出的以纺织或针织金属织物为基础的催化剂载体无一迄今为止业已在实际上被使用，就目前所知，这样的载体也还没有商业性销售，而目前有商业性销售的催化剂载体都是从陶瓷材料制造的，或如前面所提到的，是为了某些特殊目的而从波纹状和卷曲的金属薄板制造的。尽管常用载体有各种各样的问题，不只是以上指出的经济问题，金属丝织物还是不能与常用催化剂载体竞争，其原因看来是由于金属丝织物催化装置不能满足对它们提出的技术要求。由于它们的开孔式网状结构，金属丝针脚之间的空隙度高，这样的载体对要净化的气体的流动阻力低。因此，该气体在催化装置中的相对暴露时间，即该气体流经该催化装置的一个单位长度所需的时间，是如此之短，以致于这些单位长度相对于其横截面而言必须做得很长才能使(内燃机)尾气净化到足够高的程度。虽然增加金属丝织物层次的机械装填量可以得到相当长的气体暴露时间，但这将增大气体流经该催化装置的阻力，从而降低气体通流率，使得有必要增大该装置的通流面积，造成装置体积更加庞大。
最近已经观察到，较小和较简单的内燃机严重地造成有害尾气排放。甚至已经有人认为草地割草机的尾气比机动车辆的尾气更大也更严重，虽然法律上还没有规定这类内燃机或发动机的尾气必须净化。
这很可能是由于目前对这类发动机尾气采用催化净化还没有技术上和经济上可行的可能性，尤其当看到已知催化剂载体的高成本这一背景时更是如此。
本发明的目的是提供一种能解决上述与尾气，尤其小型和/或简单内燃机的尾气排放有关的问题的催化系统，而且也提供一种可用作对其它发动机也是不昂贵代用品的催化装置。为此，本发明的特征是一种具有在以下权利要求中提出的各种特色的催化装置。
因此，本发明的催化装置包括一种适合于形成一个有预定形状、包含若干相互邻接层的组件的耐热金属丝开孔网目针织或纺织织物，和一个构成气体通流孔道的组件壳体。本发明催化装置的特征在于，该金属织物组件中这些层的至少一半基本上由在至少两个方向上呈基本上连续波纹状的金属织物组成，因而这些波纹将确定它们之间的夹角。这种波纹状金属织物在该组件中的安排要使得所述夹角的顶点能指向与该通流孔道方向横切的方向。在这些波纹状金属织物层之间安排无波纹金属织物层。至少这种波纹状金属织物是用至少两根平行金属丝或线方便地针织或纺织成的，这些邻接层可以方便地通过把该金属织物卷成一个基本上圆柱形的组件来产生。此外，这种金属织物还可以制成波纹状或压制成一种非圆柱形组件，例如一种平行六面体组件。
耐热金属丝较好由一种符合1.4767(DIN)标准的材料构成或由某种具有相应耐热性能的其它材料构成，例如Inconel601。
本发明的催化装置尤其适合于净化小型和/或简单内燃机如草地割草机、汽动锯、机动自行车、小型艇外推进机等的发动机或马达的尾气。在这类发动机的情况下，重要的是催化系统的成本不构成总价格的一个过大的百分率，因此，为了让制造商把催化尾气净化系统装进有关的机器中，必须使用一种不昂贵的催化剂载体。
通过以按照本发明规定的方式把金属织物压成波纹状，令人惊讶地实现了流经该催化装置的气体的有效和充分湍动。这有利于延长相对的气体暴露时间，因而能提供比催化装置中用金属织物载体本来会达到的更高的效率。本发明催化装置所提供的高度湍动，使这种装置能做得更短同时仍能有效地净化气体。因此，本发明以合理的成本提供有合理比例的催化装置，特别适用于前面所指出的、较简单类型的发动机和马达。
本发明现在要参照附图更详细地加以描述，其中图1说明一种自然尺寸的金属织物坯料；图2是一种波纹状或褶成类似形状的金属织物坯料的测视图；图3是同一种波纹状金属织物坯料的顶视图；图4是本发明催化装置的示意侧视图；图5是图4中沿A-A线的剖视图。
图1说明一种以其自然尺寸表示的金属织物坯料10，它是从耐热金属丝11针织成的，呈12所示的开孔网目构型。这种金属丝有约0.2mm粗。金属织物坯料10特别适合于用作按照本发明的催化剂载体。图2说明一种已成波纹状或褶成类似形状以提供如线13示意说明的脊谷交替结构的金属织物坯料10。在这种图示说明的情况下，波纹状金属织物层10在其两侧均覆盖一个非波纹层13A。这些波纹的波高较好是5-10mm，例如7mm。图3示意地说明波纹状织物10的网状结构的部分顶视图。金属织物10在针织后沿线14和15形成波纹，所述线与该网状结构的纵轴形成预定的角α。沿线14和15延伸的波纹大致在该网状结构的中心彼此会合，在此相互构成一角β。角β方便地是约110°，这导致良好的气体湍动。图4说明一种催化装置20，包括待净化气体的入口部21，和催化剂部22。催化剂部22容纳一个催化剂载体组件23，该组件周围是一个由耐热金属制成的催化剂载体壳24。催化装置20可以有众多横截面形状中的任何一种，例如，其横截面可以是方的、圆的或椭圆的，因用户的意愿而异，也因该催化系统的预期用途而异。催化剂载体组件23包含一种催化剂载体，其中包括一种按照本发明从耐热金属丝针织成并涂有适当催化物质的开孔网目金属织物。图5是图4中沿A-A线的催化剂部22的剖视图。所说明的催化剂部22有椭圆横截面，并包括一种其剖面与催化剂载体壳24和催化剂部22的外壳25相同的催化剂载体组件23。本发明的催化装置除成本方面外还有重要优点。例如，本装置相对于其体积和质量而言有很大的比表面积，也造成气流高度湍动，从而延长了气体净化时间，尽管流动阻力相当低。

Claims (7)

1.一种气体净化催化装置，包括一个从耐热金属丝生产并成形为有许多邻接金属织物层的预定形式组件的开孔网目针织或纺织织物，和一个围绕组件并构成气体通流孔道的壳体，其特征在于，金属织物组件中这些层的至少一半由一种金属织物组成，所述金属织物在至少两个确定它们之间夹角的方向上呈基本上连续的波纹状，其特征还在于，波纹状金属织物在组件中的安排使得所述角的顶点指向与该通流孔道方向横切的方向。
2.按照权利要求1的装置，其特征在于，装置在波纹状织物层之间有一层非波纹状金属织物。
3.按照权利要求1和权利要求2的装置，其特征在于，至少该波纹状金属织物是用至少两根平行金属丝针织或纺织的。
4.按照权利要求1～3的装置，其特征在于，该金属织物卷成一种总体上呈圆柱形的组件形式。
5.按照权利要求1～3的装置，其特征在于，该金属织物折成或压制成一种非圆柱形组件。
6.按照权利要求1～5的装置，其特征在于，该耐热金属丝由一种符合Werkstoff 4.4767标准的材料构成或由某种具有相应耐热性能的其它材料构成。
7.一种用于净化小型内燃机例如草地割草机、汽动锯、机动自行车、艇外推进机等原动机的尾气的催化装置。
CN94192106A 1993-05-14 1994-05-11 一种气体净化催化装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1074941C (zh)

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CZ2006203A3 (cs) 2006-03-28 2007-05-02 Mikes@Eduard Tlumic hluku výfukových plynu, zejména pro motorová vozidla
WO2012100424A1 (zh) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-02 北京市理化分析测试中心 一种催化剂载体
JP7035780B2 (ja) * 2018-05-08 2022-03-15 トヨタ自動車株式会社 触媒構造体

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FI955456A (fi) 1995-11-13
BR9406651A (pt) 1996-03-12
HU9503256D0 (en) 1996-01-29
RU2105887C1 (ru) 1998-02-27
EP0697914B1 (en) 1999-08-04
AU674757B2 (en) 1997-01-09
DE69419911T2 (de) 1999-12-16
DE69419911D1 (de) 1999-09-09
KR960702350A (ko) 1996-04-27
EP0697914A1 (en) 1996-02-28
CA2161898A1 (en) 1994-11-24
AU6810294A (en) 1994-12-12
SE9301653D0 (sv) 1993-05-14
SK281038B6 (sk) 2000-11-07
HU218368B (hu) 2000-08-28
NO311500B1 (no) 2001-12-03
PL311576A1 (en) 1996-02-19
KR100199863B1 (ko) 1999-06-15
CN1074941C (zh) 2001-11-21
FI955456A0 (fi) 1995-11-13
CZ292795A3 (en) 1996-04-17
HUT76768A (en) 1997-11-28
WO1994026412A1 (en) 1994-11-24
ATE182810T1 (de) 1999-08-15
JPH08510168A (ja) 1996-10-29
ES2136736T3 (es) 1999-12-01
DK0697914T3 (da) 2000-03-06
NO954560L (no) 1995-11-13
CZ284546B6 (cs) 1998-12-16
PL175209B1 (pl) 1998-11-30
NZ266553A (en) 1996-12-20
CA2161898C (en) 1999-11-16
SK142595A3 (en) 1996-03-06
NO954560D0 (no) 1995-11-13

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