CN112300503A - 一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112300503A
CN112300503A CN201910691630.0A CN201910691630A CN112300503A CN 112300503 A CN112300503 A CN 112300503A CN 201910691630 A CN201910691630 A CN 201910691630A CN 112300503 A CN112300503 A CN 112300503A
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protective film
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郭学宏
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Abstract

一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜及其制备方法，它涉及光伏组件技术领域；它由以下原料组成：改性EVA树脂、马尾松粉改性乙烯‑乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、预处理玄武岩纤维、沸石粉、纳米多孔贝壳粉、过氧化物交联剂、助交联剂、聚环氧乙烷、氟乙烯、氧化铈、氟化锂；按照计量配比取上述原料根据一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法加工即可完成制备；本发明的有益效果是：以聚丙烯酸酯作主材，保证了保护膜的高透射率；添加少量的含氟类聚合物，不仅没有影响保护膜在日曝和非日曝下的透光率，而且增加了保护膜的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能；添加的微量金属化合物可明显改善保护膜的化学和物理性能，同时提高了薄膜的耐候性、抗老化性和耐低、高温性能。

Description

一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏组件技术领域，具体涉及一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法。
背景技术
光伏是一种利用太阳电池半导体材料的光伏效应，将太阳光辐射能直接转换为电能的一种新型发电系统，有独立运行和并网运行两种方式，中国光伏产业的制造能力发展飞速，但科技水平提高不快，为实现能源和环境的可持续发展，世界各国将太能能光伏发电作为新能源与可再生能源发展的重点，光伏板组件是一种暴露在阳光下便会产生直流电的发电装置，由几乎全部以半导体物料制成的薄身固体光伏电池组成，而光伏组件背面需要通过保护膜将其保护。
传统光伏组件背面保护膜是由具有25年以上使用寿命的含氟元素薄膜或含氟涂料作保护层，与作为基层的耐高压绝缘性能优异的阻水性基材材(如聚酯薄膜)复合而成。一方面氟材料在生产制造过程中对环境污染，另一方面在材料燃烧或回收过程中均易产生有毒氟化物，而且氟膜生产工艺复杂，产量 难以满足日益膨胀的光伏行业发展需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的缺陷和不足，提供一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，该保护膜不仅力学性能好，同时高温下性能依旧稳定
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案是：一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，它由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂36-42份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物28-32份、预处理玄武岩纤维14-16份、沸石粉10-12份、纳米多孔贝壳粉4-8份、过氧化物交联剂3-6份、助交联剂1-3份、聚环氧乙烷 6-8份、氟乙烯8-15份、氧化铈5-8份、氟化锂5-8份，
一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：将原料依次加入到高速搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌转速为125-135r/min，搅拌时间为25-35min，随后再加入双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出，挤出温度为125-135℃，即得本发明的光伏组件背面高性能保护膜。
所述改性EVA树脂制备方法为将EVA树脂、甲基三甲氧基硅烷加入到反应釜中进行反应，反应温度为100-115℃，反应时间为25-35min，随后再加入苯酚磺酸，将温度升至120-145℃，继续反应15-25min，随后再冷却至室温，即得改性EVA树脂。
所述马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物制备方法为将马尾松进行粉碎，随后加入到去离子水中进行分散，配制成质量分数为94-96％马尾松木粉溶液，随后向其中加入乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，继续搅拌25-35min，随后抽滤，干燥，即得马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为(20-30):100。
所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为25:100。
所述的预处理玄武岩纤维采用玄武岩纤维在硅烷偶联剂中浸泡35-45min，浸泡温度为75-85℃。
所述的硅烷偶联剂为KH-560。
所述的沸石粉为八面沸石粉。
所述的过氧化物交联剂为1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯己烷。
所述的助交联剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯。
本发明的有益效果是：以聚丙烯酸酯作主材，保证了保护膜的高透射率；添加少量的含氟类聚合物，不仅没有影响保护膜在日曝和非日曝下的透光率，而且增加了保护膜的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能；添加的微量金属化合物可明显改善保护膜的化学和物理性能，在不影响膜的高 透光率的基础上，又保证了低反射率和低辐射吸收率，同时提高了薄膜的耐候性、抗老化性 和耐低、高温性能。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，它由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂36份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物28份、预处理玄武岩纤维14份、沸石粉10份、纳米多孔贝壳粉4份、过氧化物交联剂3份、助交联剂1份、聚环氧乙烷 6份、氟乙烯8份、氧化铈5份、氟化锂5份。
一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：将原料依次加入到高速搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌转速为125-135r/min，搅拌时间为25-35min，随后再加入双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出，挤出温度为125-135℃，即得本发明的光伏组件背面高性能保护膜。
所述改性EVA树脂制备方法为将EVA树脂、甲基三甲氧基硅烷加入到反应釜中进行反应，反应温度为100-115℃，反应时间为25-35min，随后再加入苯酚磺酸，将温度升至120-145℃，继续反应15-25min，随后再冷却至室温，即得改性EVA树脂。
所述马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物制备方法为将马尾松进行粉碎，随后加入到去离子水中进行分散，配制成质量分数为94-96％马尾松木粉溶液，随后向其中加入乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，继续搅拌25-35min，随后抽滤，干燥，即得马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为(20-30):100。
所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为25:100。
所述的预处理玄武岩纤维采用玄武岩纤维在硅烷偶联剂中浸泡35-45min，浸泡温度为75-85℃。
所述的硅烷偶联剂为KH-560。
所述的沸石粉为八面沸石粉。
所述的过氧化物交联剂为1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯己烷。
所述的助交联剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯。
一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜，它由外之内依次设置有空气面氟膜保护层与粘结层；空气面氟膜保护层,起作用主要是保护PET支撑层不受紫外、风沙侵蚀，弱化PET降解速度，以保证作为光伏组件的“心脏”-晶硅组件的高效运行；粘结层：主要是将氟膜层和PET层粘结在一起，不因水汽、高温等作用而弱化粘结作用，并最终导致氟膜层与PET层的脱离而失去氟膜层应有的保护作用；PET支撑层；主要起机械支撑作用和隔绝水汽和氧气作用；不因在水汽、氧气和高低温作用加速降解或开裂而失去应有的支撑和保护作用；内层氟膜保护层；因内层不与户外大气环境直接接触，仅接触正面太阳光的辐照，因此对内层的使用要求不如空气面保护膜那么严苛。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1的不同点在于：它由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂38份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物30份、预处理玄武岩纤维15份、沸石粉11份、纳米多孔贝壳粉5份、过氧化物交联剂5份、助交联剂2份、聚环氧乙烷 7份、氟乙烯10份、氧化铈10份、氟化锂7份。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1的不同点在于：它由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂42份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物32份、预处理玄武岩纤维16份、沸石粉12份、纳米多孔贝壳粉8份、过氧化物交联剂6份、助交联剂3份、聚环氧乙烷 8份、氟乙烯15份、氧化铈8份、氟化锂8份。
本发明的有益效果是：以聚丙烯酸酯作主材，保证了保护膜的高透射率；添加少量的含氟类聚合物，不仅没有影响保护膜在日曝和非日曝下的透光率，而且增加了保护膜的耐腐蚀和耐磨损性能；添加的微量金属化合物可明显改善保护膜的化学和物理性能，在不影响膜的高 透光率的基础上，又保证了低反射率和低辐射吸收率，同时提高了薄膜的耐候性、抗老化性 和耐低、高温性能。
以上所述，仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案所做的其它修改或者等同替换，只要不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，均应涵盖在本发明权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

1.一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜，它由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂36-42份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物28-32份、预处理玄武岩纤维14-16份、沸石粉10-12份、纳米多孔贝壳粉4-8份、过氧化物交联剂3-6份、助交联剂1-3份、聚环氧乙烷 6-8份、氟乙烯8-15份、氧化铈5-8份、氟化锂5-8份。
2.一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，该制备方法包括以下步骤：将原料依次加入到高速搅拌机中进行搅拌，搅拌转速为125-135r/min，搅拌时间为25-35min，随后再加入双螺杆挤出机中进行挤出，挤出温度为125-135℃，即得本发明的光伏组件背面高性能保护膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜，由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂36份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物28份、预处理玄武岩纤维14份、沸石粉10份、纳米多孔贝壳粉4份、过氧化物交联剂3份、助交联剂1份、聚环氧乙烷 6份、氟乙烯8份、氧化铈5份、氟化锂5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜，由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂38份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物30份、预处理玄武岩纤维15份、沸石粉11份、纳米多孔贝壳粉5份、过氧化物交联剂5份、助交联剂2份、聚环氧乙烷 7份、氟乙烯10份、氧化铈10份、氟化锂7份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜，由以下重量份数的原料组成：改性EVA树脂42份、马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物32份、预处理玄武岩纤维16份、沸石粉12份、纳米多孔贝壳粉8份、过氧化物交联剂6份、助交联剂3份、聚环氧乙烷 8份、氟乙烯15份、氧化铈8份、氟化锂8份。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述改性EVA树脂制备方法为将EVA树脂、甲基三甲氧基硅烷加入到反应釜中进行反应，反应温度为100-115℃，反应时间为25-35min，随后再加入苯酚磺酸，将温度升至120-145℃，继续反应15-25min，随后再冷却至室温，即得改性EVA树脂。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物制备方法为将马尾松进行粉碎，随后加入到去离子水中进行分散，配制成质量分数为94-96％马尾松木粉溶液，随后向其中加入乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物，继续搅拌25-35min，随后抽滤，干燥，即得马尾松粉改性乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为(20-30):100。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的94-96％马尾松木粉溶液、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物物质的质量分数为25:100。
10.根据权利要求2所述的一种光伏组件背面高性能保护膜的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的预处理玄武岩纤维采用玄武岩纤维在硅烷偶联剂中浸泡35-45min，浸泡温度为75-85℃，所述的硅烷偶联剂为KH-560，所述的沸石粉为八面沸石粉，所述的过氧化物交联剂为1,4-双叔丁基过氧异丙基苯己烷，所述的助交联剂为三聚氰酸三烯丙酯。
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