CN112296062A - Waste photovoltaic module recovery device based on organic solvent and recovery method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a waste photovoltaic module recovery device based on an organic solvent and a recovery method thereof, and belongs to the field of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module recovery. The device comprises a support, a heating module, a gas circulation module and a liquid circulation module, and a crystalline silicon photovoltaic module recovery technology is used for realizing the lossless separation of the waste photovoltaic module glass panel and the battery by utilizing the characteristic that EVA of the photovoltaic module packaging material is soluble in an organic solvent. In the process, the waste assembly is placed in a closed device and immersed in an organic solvent, standing is carried out for 7 days under the state of high-temperature heating, and the crystalline silicon battery piece is recovered. Due to the stress applying process in the middle of the method, the recycled battery piece is not damaged. The method is a photovoltaic module recovery method with high efficiency and low cost, and meets the use requirements.

Description

Waste photovoltaic module recovery device based on organic solvent and recovery method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a device and a method, in particular to a waste photovoltaic module recovery device and a waste photovoltaic module recovery method based on an organic solvent, and belongs to the field of crystalline silicon photovoltaic module recovery.

Background

According to statistics of the national energy bureau, the national photovoltaic accumulated loading amount reaches 185.59GW when the 6 th month of 2019 comes, wherein the centralized power station loading amount reaches 130.58 GW; the distributed photovoltaic installation reaches 50.01 GW. Since the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is continuously reduced, the life expectancy of a general photovoltaic power station is about 25 years. According to the forecast, the amount of photovoltaic modules discarded will increase greatly after 2020, 2025 will enter the intensive period of module recycling, and 2030 will meet the peak. The recycling scale of photovoltaic modules will reach 60-70GW by 2034.

The existing photovoltaic recovery technology generally adopts a high-temperature method, namely, after a photovoltaic module is crushed, a packaging material is oxidized by heating module fragments, so that the purpose of separating the module material is achieved. However, the method has serious damage to the battery piece and low recovery rate.

The invention discloses an invention patent named as a waste photovoltaic module recycling method in Chinese patent with publication number CN110841786A, namely 28.02/2020. The patent includes: step 1) dismantling a frame and a junction box of a waste photovoltaic assembly to obtain a photovoltaic assembly main body; step 2) chopping the photovoltaic module main body into module particles; step 3) screening the grinding assembly particles into assembly particles through a screening unit with meshes of a preset size to obtain screened particles; step 4) vibrating and classifying the screened particles into back plate copper wire particles with sizes from large to small, glass particles adhered to a small part of battery pieces and glass particles adhered to a large part of battery pieces; step 5) selecting copper wires in the copper wire particles of the backboard, and then carrying out combustion treatment or chemical treatment on the residual backboard; step 6) separating the cell pieces from the glass to the glass particles adhered to a small part of the cell pieces and the glass particles adhered to a large part of the cell pieces; and 7) treating the cell piece by hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, and then recovering the noble metal. The physical, chemical and thermal combination method is adopted to realize high-efficiency and low-pollution treatment. However, this method still has the above-mentioned drawbacks because it causes serious damage to the battery cell and has a low recovery rate.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by technical personnel in the photovoltaic field is to provide a photovoltaic module recycling method with high efficiency and low cost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an organic solvent-based waste photovoltaic module recovery device and a recovery method thereof, which have the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and convenient operation.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: this abandonment photovoltaic module recovery unit based on organic solvent, including the support, its characterized in that: still include heating module, gas circulation module and liquid circulation module, the gas circulation module sets up air inlet and gas outlet, and the liquid circulation module sets up infusion mouth and leakage fluid dram, and the air inlet of this gas circulation module lets in and prevents the volatile inert gas of packaging material oxidation, and the infusion mouth of liquid circulation module lets in the organic solvent who dissolves packaging material.

The invention also provides a method for recovering the waste photovoltaic module based on the organic solvent, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, removing junction boxes on an aluminum frame and a back plate to obtain a sandwich structure of glass-battery piece-back plate;

(2) placing the sandwich structure in a recovery device, horizontally placing the sandwich structure on a bracket, and vacuumizing the cabin by using an air pump;

(3) introducing a certain amount of trichloroethylene solvent from the infusion port until the component is completely immersed;

(4) adjusting the temperature to 80-150 ℃, heating the solvent, standing for 5-7 days, fully dissolving the EVA material of the photovoltaic module packaging layer in trichloroethylene, continuously introducing inert gas into the cabin in the process, and introducing the waste into a treatment tank;

(5) after standing for 5-7 days, the glass surface has obvious loose traces; and (4) discharging the waste liquid, and after the waste liquid is washed by introducing clean water, manually taking out the glass plate of the component in the cabin, wherein the battery piece is intact.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects: by using the method, physical and mechanical operations such as crushing, cutting and the like of the photovoltaic module are not needed, complete photovoltaic cell pieces and glass panels can be obtained, and the recovery rate is higher than that of the traditional physical recovery method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a recycling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a recycling process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: heating module 1, gas circulation module 2, liquid circulation module 3, support 4, air inlet 5, gas outlet 6, transfusion mouth 7, leakage fluid dram 8.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

Examples are given.

Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the organic solvent-based waste photovoltaic module recovery device of the present embodiment includes a heating module 1, a gas circulation module 2, a liquid circulation module 3, and a support 4, wherein the gas circulation module 2 is provided with a gas inlet 5 and a gas outlet 6, and the liquid circulation module 3 is provided with a liquid inlet 7 and a liquid outlet 8.

In the embodiment, the gas inlet 5 of the gas circulation module 2 is filled with inert gas to prevent the packaging material from being oxidized and volatilized; and (3) introducing an organic solvent into a transfusion port 7 of the liquid circulation module 3 to dissolve the packaging material.

According to the method for recycling the waste photovoltaic modules, the waste photovoltaic modules can be recycled only after the outer frames of the waste photovoltaic modules are dismantled. As shown in fig. 2, the junction box on the aluminum frame and the back plate is first removed to obtain a sandwich structure of "glass-cell-back plate". The sandwich was then placed in a recovery unit, which was horizontally placed on a stand 4 as shown in fig. 1, and the chamber was evacuated using an air pump. Then, a certain amount of trichloroethylene solvent is introduced from the infusion port 7 until the assembly is completely immersed. Adjusting the temperature to 80-150 ℃, heating the solvent, and standing for 5-7 days, wherein the EVA material of the photovoltaic module packaging layer can be fully dissolved in trichloroethylene, and in order to prevent the EVA from being heated and decomposed to generate harmful gas, inert gas needs to be continuously introduced into the cabin in the process, and the waste is introduced into the treatment tank. After standing for 5-7 days, obvious loosening traces on the glass surface can be seen. And (4) discharging the waste liquid for post-treatment, introducing clean water for washing, and then manually taking out the glass plate of the component in the cabin, wherein the cell piece is basically intact.

The method for recycling the waste photovoltaic module utilizes the chemical characteristic that the photovoltaic module packaging material, namely ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) can be dissolved in partial organic solvent under the high-temperature environment; and separating the glass panel of the waste photovoltaic module from the battery piece.

And will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description.

In addition, it should be noted that the specific embodiments described in the present specification may be different in the components, the shapes of the components, the names of the components, and the like, and the above description is only an illustration of the structure of the present invention. Equivalent or simple changes in the structure, characteristics and principles of the invention are included in the protection scope of the patent. Various modifications, additions and substitutions for the specific embodiments described may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a abandonment photovoltaic module recovery unit based on organic solvent, includes the support, its characterized in that: still include heating module, gas circulation module and liquid circulation module, the gas circulation module sets up air inlet and gas outlet, and the liquid circulation module sets up infusion mouth and leakage fluid dram, and the air inlet of this gas circulation module lets in and prevents the volatile inert gas of packaging material oxidation, and the infusion mouth of liquid circulation module lets in the organic solvent who dissolves packaging material.

2. An organic solvent-based waste photovoltaic module recycling method using the organic solvent-based waste photovoltaic module recycling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, removing junction boxes on an aluminum frame and a back plate to obtain a sandwich structure of glass-battery piece-back plate;

(2) placing the sandwich structure in a recovery device, horizontally placing the sandwich structure on a bracket, and vacuumizing the cabin by using an air pump;

(3) introducing a certain amount of trichloroethylene solvent from the infusion port until the component is completely immersed;

(4) adjusting the temperature to 80-150 ℃, heating the solvent, standing for 5-7 days, fully dissolving the EVA material of the photovoltaic module packaging layer in trichloroethylene, continuously introducing inert gas into the cabin in the process, and introducing the waste into a treatment tank;

(5) after standing for 5-7 days, the glass surface has obvious loose traces; and (4) discharging the waste liquid, and after the waste liquid is washed by introducing clean water, manually taking out the glass plate of the component in the cabin, wherein the battery piece is intact.

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