CN110961432B - Photovoltaic module recovery method and device - Google Patents

Photovoltaic module recovery method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110961432B
CN110961432B CN201911310771.XA CN201911310771A CN110961432B CN 110961432 B CN110961432 B CN 110961432B CN 201911310771 A CN201911310771 A CN 201911310771A CN 110961432 B CN110961432 B CN 110961432B
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photovoltaic module
heat preservation
pyrolyzed
shell
cooling
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CN110961432A (en
Inventor
王娟
孙长振
尹家祥
郭志球
张昕宇
曹静宇
程诗云
郝国晖
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Jinko Solar Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09BDISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20Waste processing or separation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module recovery method which comprises the steps of obtaining a preprocessed photovoltaic module without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate; placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain a pyrolyzed photovoltaic module; placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain a heat-preserved photovoltaic module; and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain the photovoltaic cell, the solder strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other. According to the recovery method, the photovoltaic module after pyrolysis is obtained by performing high-temperature pyrolysis on the photovoltaic module after pretreatment, the assembly after pyrolysis is subjected to heat preservation and cooling treatment in sequence, the photovoltaic cell, the welding strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other are obtained, the photovoltaic module is separated and recovered, the integrity of the cell piece and the front substrate can be realized, the loss is less, the recovery rate is high, the acidic solution is not required to be used for dissolving, and the recovery speed is increased. The present application also provides a recycling apparatus having the above advantages.

Description

Photovoltaic module recovery method and device
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic module recovery method and device.
Background
Photovoltaic module is a device that can convert solar energy into electric energy, and photovoltaic module includes frame, terminal box and by lower supreme backplate (or glass substrate) that stacks gradually, organic bonding glue film (EVA or POE etc.), battery piece layer, organic bonding glue film (EVA or POE etc.), glass substrate. Most of the silicon, aluminum, silver, glass and other component materials in the glass substrate, the back plate and the battery sheet layer can be recycled through recovery.
At present, when a photovoltaic module is recycled, one method is to burn the crushed photovoltaic module by using an incinerator so as to separate and recycle a battery piece, glass and a welding strip; and the other method is that the photovoltaic module is placed in a container containing inorganic acid or organic acid solution, and an organic adhesive film in the photovoltaic module is dissolved, so that the separation of the cell piece and the glass is realized, and the cell piece is recycled. Products obtained by the incinerator are crushed glass and crushed battery pieces, screening and separation are difficult, a large amount of labor and material cost is wasted, and large material loss exists in separation, so that the value materials cannot be fully recycled; the recovery period is long when the container containing the acid solution is used for recovery, about more than one week is needed, and the post-treatment of waste liquid is difficult.
Therefore, how to solve the above technical problems should be a great concern to those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a photovoltaic module recovery method and device so as to accelerate the photovoltaic module recovery speed and improve the recovery rate.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a photovoltaic module recycling method, including:
obtaining a preprocessed photovoltaic assembly without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate;
placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain a pyrolyzed photovoltaic module;
placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain a heat-preserved photovoltaic module;
and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain the photovoltaic cell, the solder strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and burning the waste gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis by using a combustion tower, removing the organic gas in the waste gas, and discharging the waste gas after removing the organic gas.
Optionally, the step of placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation includes:
and introducing the waste gas from which the organic gas is removed into the heat preservation device, and preserving heat of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module by using the heat preservation device and the waste gas from which the organic gas is removed.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the temperature in the heat preservation process is adjusted by adjusting the exhaust rate.
Optionally, cooling the photovoltaic module after heat preservation to normal temperature includes:
and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature by adopting a non-contact cooling mode.
The application also provides a photovoltaic module recycling device, which is applied to any one of the photovoltaic module recycling methods, and comprises the following steps:
the conveying device comprises a conveying belt and a bracket;
a feeding platform located on a first side of the conveyor, a discharging platform located on a second side of the conveyor, wherein the first side is opposite to the second side;
the heating device, the heat preservation device and the cooling device are sequentially distributed from the first side to the second side; the heating device comprises first heating elements respectively positioned above and below a first preset area of the conveyor belt, and a first shell for accommodating the first heating elements and the first preset area; the heat preservation device comprises a second heating element and a second shell, wherein the second heating element is positioned below or above a second preset area of the conveyor belt, and the second shell is used for accommodating the second heating element and the second preset area; and the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the first shell and the second shell respectively.
Optionally, the method further includes:
and the combustion tower is communicated with the first shell and used for combusting the waste gas in the heating device.
Optionally, the method further includes:
a first exhaust fan located at the exhaust port of the exhaust duct.
Optionally, the method further includes:
the air inlet pipeline is respectively communicated with the second shell and the combustion tower;
and the second exhaust fan is positioned in the air inlet pipeline and is used for introducing the gas in the combustion tower into the heat preservation device.
Optionally, the cooling device includes a fan located below the third preset area of the conveyor belt, and a third housing accommodating the fan and the third preset area.
The photovoltaic module recovery method comprises the steps of obtaining a preprocessed photovoltaic module without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate; placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain a pyrolyzed photovoltaic module; placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain a heat-preserved photovoltaic module; and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain the photovoltaic cell, the solder strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other. According to the photovoltaic module recovery method, after the photovoltaic module after pyrolysis is obtained by performing high-temperature pyrolysis on the pretreated photovoltaic module, the assembly after pyrolysis is subjected to heat preservation and cooling treatment in sequence to obtain the photovoltaic cells, the welding strips and the front substrate which are separated from each other, so that the photovoltaic module is separated and recovered, completeness of the cell pieces and the front substrate can be realized, loss is low, the recovery rate is high, acid solution is not required to be used for dissolving, and the recovery speed is increased. In addition, this application still provides a recovery plant who has above-mentioned advantage.
Drawings
For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art of the present application, the drawings needed for the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a photovoltaic module recycling method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of another photovoltaic module recycling method provided in the embodiments of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module recycling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the disclosure, the following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
As described in the background art, in the prior art, the photovoltaic module is recovered by burning or dissolving the acid solution, the burning mode has low recovery rate and high loss, and the dissolving mode of the acid solution has long time consumption and slow recovery speed.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for recycling a photovoltaic module, please refer to fig. 1, where fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application, the method including:
step S101: and obtaining the pretreated photovoltaic module without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate.
Specifically, the frame and the junction box of the photovoltaic module are disassembled, and the back substrate is peeled off to obtain the pretreated photovoltaic module without the frame, the junction box and the back substrate. Wherein, the back substrate is a glass substrate or a back plate.
Step S102: and placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module.
When the organic adhesive layer is pyrolyzed at a high temperature, exhaust gas is generated, and the exhaust gas needs to be discharged.
Specifically, the temperature range of the high-temperature pyrolysis is 400-700 ℃.
Step S103: and placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain the heat-preserved photovoltaic module.
Specifically, the heat preservation temperature range is 200-300 ℃, and the purpose of heat preservation of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module is to prevent the front substrate in the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module from shock cooling and cracking.
Step S104: and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain the photovoltaic cell, the solder strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other.
Preferably, cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature includes:
and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature by adopting a non-contact cooling mode so as to accelerate the cooling speed.
According to the photovoltaic module recovery method in the embodiment, after the pretreated photovoltaic module is subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis to obtain the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module, the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module is subjected to heat preservation and cooling treatment in sequence to obtain the photovoltaic cells, the welding strips and the front substrate which are separated from each other, so that the photovoltaic module is separated and recovered, the cell pieces and the front substrate can be completely realized, the loss is low, the recovery rate is high, an acid solution is not required to be used for dissolving, and the recovery speed is increased.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of another photovoltaic module recycling method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the method including:
step S201: and obtaining the pretreated photovoltaic module without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate.
Step S202: and placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module.
Step S203: and burning the waste gas generated by high-temperature pyrolysis by using a combustion tower, removing the organic gas in the waste gas, and discharging the waste gas after removing the organic gas.
Because the waste gas produced during high-temperature pyrolysis contains organic gas, in order to avoid the organic gas to cause pollution to the environment, the waste gas is combusted to remove the organic gas and then is discharged, so that the method is more environment-friendly.
It should be noted that the exhaust rate of the exhaust gas in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and depends on the process requirements.
Step S204: and placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain the heat-preserved photovoltaic module.
Step S205: and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain the photovoltaic cell, the solder strip and the front substrate which are separated from each other.
Preferably, in an embodiment of the present application, the placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in an insulation device for insulation includes:
and introducing the waste gas from which the organic gas is removed into the heat preservation device, and preserving heat of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module by using the heat preservation device and the waste gas from which the organic gas is removed.
Because the waste gas for removing the organic gas is obtained by burning the combustion tower, the temperature of the waste gas is higher, the waste gas for removing the organic gas is introduced into the heat preservation device, and is used for preserving the heat of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module together with the heat preservation device, so that the waste gas is reasonably utilized, and the energy is saved.
Further, when the heat preservation temperature needs to be adjusted, the photovoltaic module recycling method further comprises the following steps:
the temperature in the heat preservation process is adjusted by adjusting the exhaust rate.
The present application further provides a photovoltaic module recycling apparatus, please refer to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module recycling apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application, where the apparatus includes:
the conveying device 1 comprises a conveying belt 11 and a bracket 12;
an infeed platform 2 at a first side of the conveyor 1, an outfeed platform 3 at a second side, wherein the first side is opposite the second side;
the heating device 4, the heat preservation device 5 and the cooling device 6 are sequentially distributed from the first side to the second side; the heating device 4 comprises a first heating element 41 located above and below a first predetermined area of the conveyor belt 11, respectively, a first housing 42 housing the first heating element 41 and the first predetermined area; the heat-preserving device 5 comprises a second heating element 51 positioned below or above a second predetermined area of the conveyor belt 11, and a second housing 52 accommodating the second heating element and the second predetermined area; and the exhaust pipeline 7 is communicated with the first shell 42 and the second shell 52 respectively.
Wherein, the first side of the conveying device 1 is the side of the conveying starting position of the conveyor belt 11, and the second side is the side of the conveying ending position of the conveyor belt 11.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the first preset area, the second preset area, and the third preset area are not specifically limited, and are all partial areas on the conveyor belt 11.
It should be noted that the first casing 42 and the second casing 52 are provided with a lift-up door at a position contacting the conveyor belt 11, so that the photovoltaic module subjected to the recovery processing flows between the heating device 4 and the heat preservation device 5. Preferably, the area where the first shell 42 and the second shell 52 contact can share one jacking door, so as to save materials and reduce cost.
Further, the first housing 42 houses the first heating element and the first predetermined area, i.e., the housing encloses the first heating element and the first predetermined area within the first housing 42. The second housing 52 accommodates the second heating element and the second predetermined area for the same reason.
The through connection means that through holes are formed in the first housing 42 and the second housing 52, and the exhaust duct 7 is connected to the first housing 42 and the second housing 52 through the through holes.
Alternatively, the cooling device 6 may be a fan.
Photovoltaic module recovery plant in this embodiment can carry out high temperature pyrolysis to preliminary treatment photovoltaic module and obtain pyrolysis back photovoltaic module, and then keeps warm, cooling treatment in proper order to pyrolysis back subassembly, obtains the photovoltaic cell, solder strip, the front substrate that separate each other to the realization is retrieved photovoltaic module's separation, and battery piece, solder strip and front substrate all are complete, and the loss is few, the rate of recovery is high, and need not to use acid solution to dissolve, improves the speed of retrieving.
Preferably, the photovoltaic module recycling apparatus further includes:
and the combustion tower 8 is communicated with the first shell 42 and is used for combusting the waste gas in the heating device 4 to remove organic gas in the waste gas, and discharging the waste gas after the organic gas is removed through the exhaust pipeline 7 to avoid polluting the environment.
Further, in an embodiment of the present application, the method further includes:
a first suction fan 9 located at the outlet of said exhaust duct 7 to effect the adjustment of the exhaust rate.
Preferably, the photovoltaic module recycling apparatus further includes:
an air intake duct 10 connected to the second casing 52 and the combustion tower 8 through the casing;
and the second exhaust fan 11 is positioned in the air inlet pipeline and is used for introducing the gas in the combustion tower 8 into the heat preservation device 5.
Specifically, the second exhaust fan 11 is a high-temperature resistant variable-frequency exhaust fan.
On the basis of any of the above embodiments, in an embodiment of the present application, the cooling device 6 in the photovoltaic module recycling apparatus includes a fan 61 located below the third predetermined area of the conveyor belt 11, and a third housing 62 accommodating the fan 61 and the third predetermined area.
Because photovoltaic module's temperature is still higher after keeping warm, third shell 62 can effectively prevent operating personnel scald.
It should be noted that the third housing is provided with an exhaust duct 7 connected through it in order to remove the heat dissipated by the assembly during cooling after insulation.
Preferably, a third suction fan 12 is provided at an exhaust port of the exhaust duct 7 connected to the third housing to adjust an exhaust rate.
The embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The photovoltaic module recycling method and the photovoltaic module recycling device provided by the application are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present application are explained herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core idea of the present application. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make several improvements and modifications to the present application without departing from the principle of the present application, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims (4)

1. A method of recycling a photovoltaic module, comprising:
obtaining a preprocessed photovoltaic assembly without a frame, a junction box and a back substrate;
placing the pretreated photovoltaic module in a heating device to carry out high-temperature pyrolysis on the organic bonding glue layer to obtain a pyrolyzed photovoltaic module; the temperature range of high-temperature pyrolysis is 400-700 ℃;
placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation to obtain a heat-preserved photovoltaic module;
cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature to obtain a photovoltaic cell, a solder strip and a front substrate which are separated from each other;
burning the waste gas generated by the high-temperature pyrolysis by using a combustion tower, removing organic gas in the waste gas, and discharging the waste gas after removing the organic gas;
placing the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module in a heat preservation device for heat preservation comprises the following steps:
introducing the waste gas without the organic gas into the heat preservation device, and preserving heat of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module by using the heat preservation device and the waste gas without the organic gas; the heat preservation temperature range of the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module is 200-300 ℃, so that the front substrate in the pyrolyzed photovoltaic module is prevented from being quenched and cracked;
the temperature in the heat preservation process is adjusted by adjusting the exhaust rate.
2. The photovoltaic module recycling method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature comprises:
and cooling the insulated photovoltaic module to normal temperature by adopting a non-contact cooling mode.
3. A photovoltaic module recycling apparatus, which is applied to the photovoltaic module recycling method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising:
the conveying device comprises a conveying belt and a bracket;
a feeding platform located on a first side of the conveyor, a discharging platform located on a second side of the conveyor, wherein the first side is opposite to the second side;
the heating device, the heat preservation device and the cooling device are sequentially distributed from the first side to the second side; the heating device comprises first heating elements respectively positioned above and below a first preset area of the conveyor belt, and a first shell for accommodating the first heating elements and the first preset area; the heat preservation device comprises a second heating element and a second shell, wherein the second heating element is positioned below or above a second preset area of the conveyor belt, and the second shell is used for accommodating the second heating element and the second preset area; the exhaust pipeline is respectively communicated with the first shell and the second shell;
the combustion tower is communicated with the first shell and used for combusting waste gas in the heating device;
the first exhaust fan is positioned at the exhaust port of the exhaust pipeline;
the air inlet pipeline is respectively communicated with the second shell and the combustion tower;
the second exhaust fan is positioned in the air inlet pipeline and used for introducing the gas in the combustion tower into the heat preservation device;
and the third exhaust fan is arranged at an exhaust port of an exhaust pipeline communicated with the third shell.
4. The photovoltaic module recycling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the cooling device includes a fan located below a third predetermined area of the conveyor belt, and a third housing accommodating the fan and the third predetermined area.
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