CN111900222B - Recovery method of photovoltaic module - Google Patents

Recovery method of photovoltaic module Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111900222B
CN111900222B CN202010802931.9A CN202010802931A CN111900222B CN 111900222 B CN111900222 B CN 111900222B CN 202010802931 A CN202010802931 A CN 202010802931A CN 111900222 B CN111900222 B CN 111900222B
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transparent substrate
photovoltaic module
sealing
battery
colloid
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CN111900222A (en
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桑燕
朱雅芝
王陈怡
侯宏兵
周光大
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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Hangzhou First Applied Material Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/05—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells
    • H01L31/0504—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module
    • H01L31/0508—Electrical interconnection means between PV cells inside the PV module, e.g. series connection of PV cells specially adapted for series or parallel connection of solar cells in a module the interconnection means having a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof. This photovoltaic module includes the first transparent substrate, battery cluster and the second transparent substrate of order range upon range of, and the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery pieces, and the battery piece is connected through connecting portion, and photovoltaic module still includes: the colloid part is at least partially positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting part and is used for respectively bonding the battery strings with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; and the sealing part is positioned at the peripheral end part between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, forms a sealing cavity with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and is positioned in the sealing cavity. The colloid part can be only positioned between the connecting part and the transparent substrate in the battery string, so that the recovery of the subsequent photovoltaic module is facilitated, the harmless treatment of the waste module is facilitated, the recovery material is complete and high in purity, the environmental burden is reduced, and the potential practical economic value is realized.

Description

Recovery method of photovoltaic module
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of the conversion efficiency of the solar battery and the component, the technology of the photovoltaic component is updated and iterated rapidly, and the system cost is greatly reduced. The photovoltaic module originally designed to have the service life of 25 years is still within the quality assurance range of a module company, but because the initial power is low, the photovoltaic module is put to the present day after 10-15 years, and from the aspects of generating capacity and economy, the module with lower power in part of the early large-scale ground power station is scrapped in advance, and the reinstallation of the high-power module is more cost-effective. This faces the recycling problem of a large number of discarded components. Future photovoltaic modules are expected to be produced with approximately 350 ten thousand tons of waste modules per year, calculated as 50GW per year. Such a huge number, a part of the raw material supply of future photovoltaic cells and the like may recycle the material from the photovoltaic modules.
At present, the recovery method of the photovoltaic module mainly comprises an organic or inorganic solvent dissolution method, a thermal decomposition treatment method, a physical crushing separation method and the like, but the methods have certain limitations, or waste liquid and waste gas are generated, so that secondary pollution of the environment is possibly caused, or a recovery product with higher purity cannot be obtained. And the two-sided double glass subassembly of current mainstream is more difficult to retrieve, has difficulty in obtaining complete battery piece and glass.
The main reason for making the assembly so difficult is also: the packaging materials of the photovoltaic modules are designed according to the long-term reliable performance of 25 years. When waste components are treated, the adhesion force between the packaging adhesive film and various materials such as batteries, metal interconnecting strips, glass, back plates and the like is kept too good, and the components are not easy to recycle. Therefore, the photovoltaic module with the service life of 5-15 years, which is convenient to recycle, is designed, is suitable for the internal requirement of the current industry for rapid iterative upgrade, is beneficial to realizing the effective utilization and harmless treatment of materials in the waste module, thereby reducing the environmental burden and having potential practical economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a photovoltaic module and a recovery method thereof, which are used for solving the problem of high recovery difficulty of the photovoltaic module in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic module including a first transparent substrate, a cell string, and a second transparent substrate sequentially stacked, the cell string including a plurality of cell sheets connected by a connection portion, the photovoltaic module further including: the colloid part is at least partially positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting part and is used for respectively bonding the battery strings with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; and the sealing part is positioned at the peripheral end parts of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, forms a sealing cavity with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and is positioned in part of the sealing cavity.
Further, the connecting portion comprises an interconnection bar, the interconnection bar covers part of the surfaces of the front face and the back face of each battery piece to enable each battery piece to be penetrated into an electric path, and the colloid portion at least partially covers the interconnection bar and/or the battery pieces.
Further, the connection portion includes a conductive paste layer, and end portions of adjacent battery cells overlap and are bonded by the conductive paste layer and form an electrical path.
Further, the refractive index of the colloidal portion is 1.4 to 1.5, and it is preferable that the material forming the colloidal portion is selected from any one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene- α -olefin copolymer, polyvinyl butyral, ionomer, polyurethane, and polysiloxane.
Further, the battery strings are multiple, the connecting portion further comprises bus bars connected with the battery strings, the colloid portion at least partially covers the bus bars, preferably, the second transparent substrate is provided with wiring lead-out holes, the bus bars are led out to the outside of the sealing cavity through the wiring lead-out holes, and the lead-out holes are filled with colloid portion materials.
Further, the material forming the sealing portion has water vapor permeability<0.1g/m 2 Day, preferably butyl gum.
Further, the width of the sealing part is 0.5mm to 50mm, and the thickness is 0.5mm to 7mm.
Further, the sealed cavity is filled with a shielding gas, preferably any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon and carbon dioxide.
Further, the sealing part is provided with ventilation holes, the photovoltaic module further comprises sealing plugs arranged in the ventilation holes, preferably, the ventilation holes are multiple, and the sealing plug in at least one ventilation hole is communicated with an air pressure balancing device.
Further, the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are both glass substrates, and preferably, a light reflecting white glaze layer is plated on the local surface of the second transparent substrate or a light reflecting film is stuck on the local surface of the second transparent substrate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recovery method of a photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: by adopting the photovoltaic module, the colloid part and the sealing part in the photovoltaic module are thermally degraded, so that the battery strings in the photovoltaic module are separated from the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate respectively.
Further, the step of thermally degrading the gel portion and the sealing portion in the photovoltaic module includes: and an air vent is formed in the sealing part of the photovoltaic module, heating gas is introduced into the sealing cavity through the air vent so as to thermally degrade the colloid part and the sealing part, and the heating gas is preferably nitrogen or oxygen-containing gas.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the photovoltaic module comprises a first transparent substrate, a battery string and a first transparent substrate which are sequentially stacked, wherein the battery string comprises a plurality of battery pieces, the battery pieces are connected through connecting parts, the photovoltaic module further comprises colloid parts, and the colloid parts are respectively positioned between the first transparent substrate and the connecting parts and between the second transparent substrate and the connecting parts and are used for respectively connecting the battery string with the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. The colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper transparent substrate and the lower transparent substrate, so that the battery string cannot move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has good reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly; and, compare in prior art and lay in the encapsulation glued membrane of battery piece positive and negative comprehensively, above-mentioned colloid portion can only be located between connecting portion and the transparent substrate in the battery cluster (the partial surface of battery piece also can cover and have partial colloid portion) to form the passageway that can hold heating medium in the sealed chamber between upper and lower transparent substrate, and then carry out thermal degradation to colloid portion through above-mentioned passageway, be convenient for follow-up photovoltaic module's recovery, be favorable to realizing the harmless treatment of abandonment subassembly, recovery material is complete and the purity is high, thereby alleviate environmental burden, have potential practical economic value.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a partial cross-sectional structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view showing a partial cross-sectional structure of another photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic top view of a cell string in the photovoltaic module shown in fig. 1;
fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of the cell string in the photovoltaic module shown in fig. 2.
10. A first transparent substrate; 210. a battery sheet; 220. an interconnecting strip; 230. a conductive adhesive layer; 240. a bus bar; 30. a second transparent substrate; 40. a colloid portion; 50. a sealing part; 60. a wiring lead-out hole; 70. an air vent; 80. and an air pressure balancing device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, a technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and the claims of the present invention and the above figures are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate in order to describe the embodiments of the invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As described in the background, the packaging materials of the photovoltaic modules are designed to have a long-term reliable performance of 25 years. When waste components are treated, the adhesion force between the packaging adhesive film and various materials such as batteries, metal interconnecting strips, glass, back plates and the like is kept too good, and the components are not easy to recycle.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the applicant of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising a first transparent substrate 10, a cell string and a second transparent substrate 30 sequentially stacked, the cell string comprising a plurality of cells 210, the cells 210 being connected by connection portions, the photovoltaic module further comprising a gel portion 40 and a sealing portion 50, at least part of the gel portion 40 being located between the first transparent substrate 10 and the connection portion and between the second transparent substrate 30 and the connection portion, for bonding the cell string with the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, respectively; the sealing part 50 is located at the peripheral end parts of the first transparent substrate 10 and the first transparent substrate 30, and forms a sealing cavity with the first transparent substrate 10 and the first transparent substrate 30, and the colloid part 40 is located in a part of the sealing cavity.
The colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper transparent substrate and the lower transparent substrate, so that the battery string cannot move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has good reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly; and, compare in prior art and lay in the encapsulation glued membrane of battery piece positive and negative comprehensively, above-mentioned colloid portion can only be located between connecting portion and the transparent substrate in the battery cluster (the partial surface of battery piece also can cover and have partial colloid portion) to form the passageway that can hold heating medium in the sealed chamber between upper and lower transparent substrate, and then carry out thermal degradation to colloid portion through above-mentioned passageway, be convenient for follow-up photovoltaic module's recovery, be favorable to realizing the harmless treatment of abandonment subassembly, recovery material is complete and the purity is high, thereby alleviate environmental burden, have potential practical economic value.
In the above-mentioned photovoltaic module of the present invention, the connection portion can achieve electrical connection between the battery cells 210, and in a preferred embodiment, the connection portion includes the interconnection bar 220, the interconnection bar 220 covers two side surfaces of each battery cell 210, and the glue portion 40 at least partially covers the interconnection bar 220, as shown in fig. 1. At this time, the battery pieces 210 are arranged side by side without overlapping each other, and as shown in fig. 3, electrical connection is achieved through the interconnection bars 220 on the surface. The gel portion 40 may be laid along the interconnection bar 220 in the longitudinal direction or may be laid in the transverse direction, so long as the gas passages are provided between the battery cells 210 and the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, respectively.
In another preferred embodiment, the connection part includes a conductive adhesive layer 230, and the end portions of the adjacent battery cells 210 overlap and are bonded by the conductive adhesive layer 230. At this time, both ends of each of the battery cells 210 in one battery string are overlapped to constitute a shingle assembly, and each of the battery cells 210 is electrically connected by the conductive paste layer 230 at the overlapped position, as shown in fig. 2. For the prior art shingle assembly, the adjacent battery pieces are more easily broken by external force at the overlapping position, but the invention can relieve the action of the external force on the battery pieces and reduce the risk of breaking the battery pieces by the external force by covering at least part of the colloid part 40 on part of the battery surfaces corresponding to the overlapping position.
In the above-described photovoltaic module of the present invention, the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 may be glass substrates, wherein the second transparent substrate is preferably partially coated with a reflective white glaze layer or attached with reflective strips, thereby obtaining a double glass module of a glass-glass structure. For the double-glass assembly in the prior art, as the packaging glue is paved between the two glass plates of the double-glass assembly through the whole area to fix the battery piece in the double-glass assembly, the area of the double-glass assembly which can contact air is only four circles, the area is extremely small, the double-glass assembly can be recovered only by physically crushing the whole assembly, and the finally obtained recovered material is a finely crushed mixture, so that the screening and purifying difficulties are high, the cost is high, and the complete battery piece cannot be obtained. By arranging the glue portion 40 only on the surface of the connection portion and part of the cell 210, compared with the photovoltaic module in the prior art, the invention reduces the coverage area between the two glass plates, has a gas passage, and is beneficial to separating the two glass plates, thereby being beneficial to recycling the cell and the metal material.
When both the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 are glass substrates, the refractive index of the gel portion 40 is preferably 1.4 to 1.5. Since the gel portion 40 satisfying the refractive index can be similar to the refractive index of glass, the refractive index is not greatly different from that of the battery sheet, and thus the optical loss can be effectively reduced.
The material forming the gel part 40 may be selected from any one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene- α -olefin copolymer, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomer, butyl rubber (PIB), polyurethane (TPU) and polysiloxane, preferably, but not limited to, the above-mentioned type, and one skilled in the art may suitably select the type of forming the gel part 40 according to a desired refractive index.
In order to ensure that the gel portion 40 can more firmly fix the battery piece 210 between the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, the thickness of the gel portion 40 is 0.2-3 mm, the battery piece has different designs of the number of main grid lines, and the size is also various, and a person skilled in the art can set the gel portion 40 with a reasonable area according to the actual battery piece type, and the gel portion 40 cannot be completely filled between the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30, so that a gas channel needs to be reserved in a sealed cavity. Preferably, the glue portion 40 on each connection portion is in a strip shape, and the width of the glue portion 40 is 0.5 to 150mm.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the plurality of cell strings may be provided, and preferably, the connection part further includes a bus bar 240 connecting the respective cell strings, and the gel part 40 at least partially covers the bus bar 240, as shown in fig. 3 and 4. The glue portion 40 may be covered on most or all of the bus bars 240 to reduce the coverage area of the glue portion 40 on the battery sheet 210, thereby reducing the influence of the glue portion 40 on light.
Preferably, the second transparent substrate 30 is provided with a wire extraction hole 60, and a colloid portion 40 or a sealing portion 50 is arranged between the wire extraction hole 60 and the first transparent substrate 10 to ensure the air tightness of the assembly, and the bus bar 240 is extracted to the outside of the sealing cavity through the wire extraction hole 60. The bus bar 240 is used for connecting with a junction box, the junction box and the second transparent substrate 30 can be bonded by silica gel, and the interior of the junction box is filled by pouring sealant. The wire extraction holes 60 are filled with the material of the glue portion 40, and the wire extraction holes 60 may be further covered with the material of the sealing portion 50 to ensure the air tightness of the assembly, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
In the photovoltaic module of the present invention, the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparent substrate 30 and the sealing part 50 together form a sealing cavity, the battery string and the gel part 40 are positioned in the sealing cavity, and the sealing part 50 may have a width of 0.5 to 50mm and a thickness of 0.5 to 7mm. Preferably, the material forming the seal 50 has a water vapor transmission rate<0.1g/m 2 Day, preferably butyl gum. In the subsequent recovery process of the photovoltaic module, the use of the above-described preferred materials can facilitate separation of the first transparent substrate 10 from the second transparent substrate 30 by thermal degradation.
In the above photovoltaic module of the present invention, preferably, the sealing chamber is filled with a shielding gas, which may be selected from any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, and carbon dioxide. Because the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 generally need to be vacuumized to prevent the influence of water vapor on the performance of the battery piece, however, this can lead to the external pressure to be higher than the pressure inside the sealing cavity, so that the existence of pressure difference in the use process can lead to the water vapor entering the sealing cavity, and the invention can balance the pressure inside and outside the sealing cavity and protect the battery piece in the sealing cavity from the influence of the water vapor by filling the protection gas into the sealing cavity.
In order to better balance the pressure inside and outside the sealed cavity and facilitate subsequent recovery, the sealing portion 50 may be provided with an air vent 70, and the photovoltaic module further includes a sealing plug disposed in the air vent 70. More preferably, the ventilation holes 70 are plural, and the sealing plug in at least one ventilation hole 70 is connected with an air pressure balancing device 80, and the air pressure balancing device 80 may be an air bag. The air pressure balancing device 80 can also solve the problem of thermal expansion and cold contraction caused by the change of the working temperature of the air in the photovoltaic module in the outdoor use process.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for recovering a photovoltaic module, including the steps of: with the photovoltaic module provided by the invention, the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 in the photovoltaic module are thermally degraded so as to separate the battery strings in the photovoltaic module from the first transparent substrate 10 and the second transparent substrate 30 respectively.
In order to achieve thermal degradation of the materials of the gel portion 40 and the sealing portion 50 in the photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic module may be placed in a heating device, and the materials of the gel portion 40 and the sealing portion 50 may be thermally degraded by the heating device. However, the component recycling industry has not been fully developed at present, so that thermal degradation of organic materials is a conventional mode at present, but for a double-glass component, gas cannot enter the interior of the component, and only after the glass of the component is broken, the glass can be thermally degraded, so that complete materials such as glass, battery pieces and the like cannot be obtained.
The sealing part 50 in the photovoltaic module of the invention can be provided with the vent hole 70, and heating gas can be introduced into the sealing cavity through the vent hole 70, so that the accelerated degradation of the materials of the colloid part 40 and the sealing part 50 is facilitated, and the complete material recovery is realized. The vent holes 70 are opened again, oxygen, nitrogen or air is introduced and heated at high temperature, so that the packaging material with the local bonding and buffering functions of the component can be degraded in an accelerating way, and finally the complete transparent substrate, battery piece and other materials are obtained.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
1. the colloid part can fix the battery string between the upper transparent substrate and the lower transparent substrate, so that the battery string cannot move, has good buffering and bonding effects, has good reliability and is consistent with the structure of the existing assembly;
2. compared with the packaging adhesive film comprehensively paved on the front and back sides of the battery piece in the prior art, the colloid part is positioned between the connecting part, part of the battery surface and the transparent substrate in the battery string, a channel capable of containing heating medium is formed in the sealing cavity between the upper transparent substrate and the lower transparent substrate, the colloid part and the sealing part are subjected to thermal degradation through the channel, the recovery of the subsequent photovoltaic module is facilitated, the harmless treatment of the waste module is facilitated, the recovered material is complete and high in purity, so that the environmental burden is reduced, and the device has potential practical and economic values.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for recycling a photovoltaic module is characterized in that,
the photovoltaic module includes first transparent substrate (10), battery cluster and second transparent substrate (30) of order range upon range of, the battery cluster includes a plurality of battery piece (210), battery piece (210) are connected through connecting portion, wherein, the photovoltaic module still includes:
a glue part (40) at least partially positioned between the first transparent substrate (10) and the connecting part and between the second transparent substrate (30) and the connecting part, for bonding the battery string with the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), respectively; the connecting part comprises an interconnecting strip (220), the interconnecting strip (220) covers the front and back part surfaces of each battery piece (210) to string each battery piece into an electric path, and the colloid part (40) at least partially covers the interconnecting strip (220) and/or the battery piece (210);
a sealing part (50) located at the peripheral end parts of the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30) and forming a sealing cavity with the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), wherein the colloid part (40) is located in part of the sealing cavity, the material forming the colloid part (40) is selected from any one or more of ionic polymer, polyurethane and polysiloxane, the material forming the sealing part (50) is butyl rubber, and the material forming the colloid part (40) and the sealing part (50) can be thermally degraded under the action of a heating medium, wherein the heating medium is selected from oxygen or air; an air vent (70) is formed in the sealing part (50), the photovoltaic module further comprises sealing plugs arranged in the air vent (70), the number of the air vent (70) is multiple, and an air pressure balancing device (80) is communicated with the sealing plugs in at least one air vent (70);
the recovery method comprises the following steps: thermally degrading the gel portion (40) and the sealing portion (50) in the photovoltaic module to separate the cell strings in the photovoltaic module from the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30), respectively; the step of thermally degrading the gel portion (40) and the sealing portion (50) in the photovoltaic module includes: the ventilation holes (70) are formed in the sealing part (50) of the photovoltaic module, heating gas is introduced into the sealing cavity through the ventilation holes (70) so as to thermally degrade the colloid part (40) and the sealing part (50), and the heating gas is nitrogen or oxygen-containing gas.
2. The method of recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the connection portion comprises a conductive adhesive layer (230), and the ends of adjacent cells (210) overlap and are bonded and form an electrical path through the conductive adhesive layer (230).
3. The method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the refractive index of the colloid portion (40) is 1.4 to 1.5.
4. The method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of cell strings are provided, the connection portion further comprises bus bars (240) connected to each cell string, the colloid portion (40) at least partially covers the bus bars (240), the second transparent substrate (30) is provided with a wiring lead-out hole (60), the bus bars (240) are led out of the sealing cavity through the wiring lead-out hole (60), and the position of the wiring lead-out hole (60) is filled with the material of the colloid portion (40).
5. The method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing portion (50) is formed of a material having a water vapor permeability<0.1g/m 2 /day。
6. The method of recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sealing portion (50) has a width of 0.5mm to 50mm and a thickness of 0.5mm to 7mm.
7. The method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sealing chamber is filled with a protective gas.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the shielding gas is selected from any one or more of nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, and carbon dioxide.
9. The method of recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first transparent substrate (10) and the second transparent substrate (30) are both glass substrates.
10. The method for recycling a photovoltaic module according to claim 9, wherein a light-reflecting white glaze layer is plated or a light-reflecting film is stuck on a partial surface of the second transparent substrate.
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