CN111261784A

CN111261784A - Packaged perovskite solar cell and packaging method

Info

Publication number: CN111261784A
Application number: CN202010223965.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨松旺; 陈薪羽; 邬荣敏; 陈宗琦; 寿春晖; 沈曲; 丁莞尔; 洪凌; 俞丹馨; 季志江; 王美树
Original assignee: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS; Zhejiang Energy Group Research Institute Co Ltd; Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS; Zhejiang Energy Group Research Institute Co Ltd; Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-26
Filing date: 2020-03-26
Publication date: 2020-06-09

Abstract

The invention provides a packaged perovskite solar cell and a packaging method, wherein the solar cell comprises: a transparent conductive substrate; a perovskite solar cell assembly located over the transparent conductive substrate; the packaging adhesive is arranged on the transparent conductive substrate and forms a packaging space to accommodate the perovskite solar cell module; the edge of the cover plate is hermetically connected with the top of the packaging glue, so that the perovskite solar cell module is sealed in the packaging space; and a total electrode disposed on the transparent conductive substrate and completely outside the package space, and transmitting electrons to the total electrode through the transparent conductive substrate. The invention separately arranges the main electrode outside the packaging adhesive, and utilizes the characteristic that the transparent conductive substrate can conduct electricity and transmit electrons, thereby avoiding the problem that water and oxygen enter the packaging space through gaps due to the contact of the packaging adhesive and the electrode leading-out part, and simultaneously not influencing the transmission of electrons.

Description

Packaged perovskite solar cell and packaging method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a packaged perovskite solar cell and a packaging method.

Background

The perovskite solar cell adopts an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite material as a light absorption layer, and has the excellent characteristics of continuously adjustable band gap, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion distance, simple preparation method and the like, so that the perovskite solar cell becomes an ideal light absorption material of a new generation of photovoltaic devices. Since the invention of the titanium ore solar cell in 2009, the efficiency is continuously broken through, and the highest authentication efficiency reaches 25.2% at present. However, the perovskite battery is also required to be commercially applied, and technical problems of large-size large-scale preparation, long-term environmental stability improvement and the like are also required to be solved. The perovskite solar cell is exposed in air for a long time, and the stability of the perovskite solar cell is greatly influenced by water and oxygen in the environment, so that the perovskite needs to be packaged before practical application.

Generally, when packaging a perovskite solar cell, the perovskite solar cell is arranged between an upper substrate and a lower substrate, a filling material for packaging is arranged in the middle of the substrates and around the cell, and the four sides of the substrates are further packaged by a sealing material. The filling material is usually subjected to a vacuum-pumping heating curing packaging process, but the perovskite layer can be decomposed due to high temperature during heating. In addition, for the packaged perovskite battery, in order to lead out the positive and negative electrodes of the battery for testing or connecting a load, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are usually led out by punching holes from the edges of four-side sealant or upper and lower cover plates, for example, in patent document 1, the leading end portions of the positive and negative electrodes are in contact with the edge packaging sealant, and a gap caused by the contact portion may induce water and oxygen to enter; in non-patent document 1, the metal conduction band connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode is led out from the middle of the four-side sealant, the metal conduction band may move during the lamination process to introduce water and oxygen, and the water and oxygen may enter the inside of the packaged battery along the metal conduction band after packaging, so that the perovskite material is damaged; in patent document 2, the conductive solder strips are used for respectively leading the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell module to the back plate hole areas, extra packaging is needed at the positions of the back plate holes, and the situation that water vapor enters due to the fact that the packaging effect is not ideal can occur, so that perovskite decomposition is caused.

Prior art documents:

patent document 1: CN 208923201U

Patent document 2: CN 109427977A

Non-patent document 1: r. Cheacharoen et al, "sustainable energy Fuel", published 2.2018, pages 2398-.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a packaged perovskite solar cell and a packaging method, on one hand, the packaging structure provided by the invention can effectively prevent the influence of water and oxygen on the perovskite cell and improve the stability of the perovskite cell when the perovskite cell is used in the air; on the other hand, the packaging method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the attenuation of the performance of the perovskite battery in the packaging process.

The present invention provides an encapsulated perovskite solar cell, characterized in that it comprises:

a transparent conductive substrate;

a perovskite solar cell assembly located over the transparent conductive substrate;

the packaging adhesive is arranged on the transparent conductive substrate and forms a packaging space to accommodate the perovskite solar cell module;

the edge of the cover plate is hermetically connected with the top of the packaging glue, so that the perovskite solar cell module is sealed in the packaging space; and

and the total electrode is arranged on the transparent conductive substrate and completely positioned outside the packaging space, and electrons are transmitted to the total electrode through the transparent conductive substrate.

The invention separately arranges the main electrode outside the packaging adhesive, and utilizes the characteristic that the transparent conductive substrate can conduct electricity and transmit electrons, thereby avoiding the problem that water and oxygen enter the packaging space through gaps due to the contact of the packaging adhesive and the electrode leading-out part, and simultaneously not influencing the transmission of electrons.

Further, the edge of the cover plate is aligned with the outer edge of the packaging adhesive. Therefore, the width of the packaging adhesive can be ensured, and the excessive packaging adhesive is prevented from overflowing, so that an ideal packaging effect is achieved.

Further, the main electrode comprises an extraction terminal, the extraction terminal is electrically connected with a metal wire or a metal foil, and the connection position of the extraction terminal and the metal wire or the metal foil is protected by sealing material. Thus, the metal lead or the metal foil is prevented from being oxidized under the influence of the actual environment to cause deterioration of conductivity, and the connection strength between the metal lead and the lead-out terminal is enhanced to prevent falling off.

Furthermore, the total electrode comprises a conductive total grid line, and a gap is formed between the conductive total grid line and the outer edge of the packaging adhesive. Therefore, a part of reserved space which overflows to the conductive total grid line can be reserved after the packaging adhesive is pressed, and the influence of the packaging adhesive which possibly overflows on the positive and negative electrodes of the battery is prevented.

Further, the present invention also includes a filler layer located between the perovskite solar cell assembly and the cover plate. In the packaging process, the filling layer has the function of bonding the cover plate and the battery module together, so that the packaging effect of the cover plate is ensured, and the filling layer also has a certain protection function after packaging is finished.

Further, a gap of 2 mm-5 mm is formed between the filling layer and the packaging adhesive, and the height difference between the top of the filling layer and the top of the packaging adhesive is 0.1 mm-0.3 mm. Therefore, the filling layer material can be completely filled in the space formed by the cover plate, the battery and the packaging glue after being melted and solidified, and the packaging effect cannot be influenced by overflow from the packaging glue.

Further, the perovskite solar cell assembly comprises at least one perovskite solar cell unit, and when the number of the perovskite solar cell units is two or more, the two or more perovskite solar cell units are connected in series and parallel.

The invention also provides a packaging method of the packaged perovskite solar cell, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: sequentially stacking the transparent conductive substrate, the perovskite solar cell module, the packaging adhesive and the cover plate from bottom to top to obtain a stacked cell;

step two: heating a heating plate of a laminating machine, putting the stacked battery into the heating plate of the laminating machine, and vacuumizing, pressurizing and laminating the stacked battery through the heating plate of the laminating machine to obtain a packaged battery;

step three: the packaged battery is removed from the laminator heating plate and cooled.

Further, the perovskite solar cell module is made of materials decomposed at about 85 ℃, and the temperature of heating plates of a laminating machine is set to be 80-110 ℃; or the perovskite solar cell module is made of a material decomposed at about 150 ℃, and the temperature of the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 110-160 ℃. The invention adopts a lamination process for packaging, and sets different lamination temperature parameters aiming at perovskite materials with different thermal stabilities, thereby ensuring that the performance of the battery after lamination is not influenced.

Further setting the vacuumizing time of the heating plate of the laminating machine to be 3-6 min; the laminating time of the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 8 min-15 min, and the pressure is set to be 30 kPa-100 kPa. Under the parameters, the filling layer can completely fill the gap between the battery module and the bottom substrate, and is firmly combined with the substrate, so that the phenomena of air bubbles, delamination and the like can not occur, and an ideal packaging effect is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

(1) the packaged perovskite solar cell solves the problem that water oxygen is introduced into the cell by the lead wire due to the fact that the lead wire penetrates out of the edge sealant, can effectively prevent the influence of the water oxygen on the perovskite cell, is particularly suitable for packaging perovskite materials which are more sensitive to water vapor, and improves the stability of the perovskite cell when the perovskite cell is used in the air;

(2) the packaged perovskite solar cell provided by the invention avoids that the conductive welding strips respectively lead the positive and negative electrodes of the perovskite solar cell to the back plate hole-reserving area through the lead wires, the back plate hole-reserving position needs additional packaging, and water vapor enters due to unsatisfactory packaging effect to cause decomposition of perovskite;

(3) the packaging method of the packaged perovskite solar cell provided by the invention selects different lamination temperatures for different perovskite materials of different systems, and can effectively reduce the attenuation of the performance of the perovskite cell in the common lamination packaging process.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an encapsulated perovskite solar cell of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front side structure of an encapsulated perovskite solar cell of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of perovskite solar cell modules in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of perovskite solar cell modules in example 2 of the present invention and comparative example 2;

FIG. 5 is a J-V curve under AM1.5 illumination for the perovskite solar cell module before and after encapsulation in example 1;

FIG. 6 is a J-V curve under AM1.5 illumination of perovskite solar cell modules before and after encapsulation in comparative example 1;

FIG. 7 is a J-V curve under AM1.5 illumination for perovskite solar cell modules before and after encapsulation in example 2;

FIG. 8 is a J-V curve under AM1.5 illumination of the perovskite solar cell module before and after encapsulation in comparative example 2;

FIG. 9 is a J-V curve under AM1.5 illumination for perovskite solar cell modules before and after encapsulation in example 3;

reference numerals:

1. a transparent substrate;

2. a transparent conductive layer;

3. a perovskite solar cell assembly;

4. a filling layer;

5. a cover plate;

6a, 6b, lead-out terminals;

6c, 6d, conductive bus line

7. Packaging glue;

8. etching the line;

9. a hole blocking layer;

10. an electron transport layer;

11. a perovskite light-absorbing layer;

12. a hole transport layer;

13. a counter electrode layer;

14. an insulating layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation. The dimensions in the figures are for ease of viewing only and are not to scale with actual dimensions.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides an encapsulated perovskite solar cell comprising: the square transparent conductive substrate comprises a transparent substrate 1 and a transparent conductive layer 2 covering the upper surface of the transparent substrate 1; the perovskite solar cell module 3 is arranged at the centrosymmetric position of the upper surface of the transparent conducting layer 2, and the size of the perovskite solar cell module 3 is slightly smaller than that of the transparent conducting layer 2; and the packaging adhesive 7 is internally provided with the perovskite solar cell module 3 and arranged on the upper surface of the transparent conducting layer 2. In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the encapsulation adhesive 7 is in a square frame shape, the length of the encapsulation adhesive 7 is the same as the length of the transparent conductive substrate, and the width of the encapsulation adhesive 7 is smaller than the width of the transparent conductive substrate, in other words, two sides of the encapsulation adhesive 7 in the length direction are aligned with two sides of the transparent conductive substrate in the length direction, and two sides of the encapsulation adhesive 7 in the width direction leave a space with two sides of the transparent conductive substrate in the width direction, so that two uncovered external spaces are formed on the upper surface of the transparent conductive substrate and at two sides of the encapsulation adhesive 7 in the width direction, but the encapsulation adhesive 7 is not limited thereto, and the shape can be changed according to specific requirements on the basis of encapsulating the; the filling layer 4 is filled in a packaging space surrounded by the packaging glue 7 and covers the upper surface of the perovskite solar cell module 3 until the packaging space is filled; a cover plate 5 having substantially the same size as the encapsulating adhesive 7 and having a lower surface hermetically connected to an upper surface of the encapsulating adhesive 7, thereby sealing the perovskite solar cell module 3; and a total electrode disposed in an uncovered outer space on the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, i.e., completely outside the package space, and specifically, symmetrically disposed at substantially the middle of the outer spaces on both sides, respectively, and only contacting the transparent conductive layer 2.

In the present embodiment, the transparent substrate 1 is transparent glass, and the transparent conductive layer 2 is an FTO transparent conductive layer. The transparent conducting layer 2 is fully paved on the upper surface of the transparent substrate 1, conducting grid lines for collecting electrons are further distributed on the upper surface of the transparent conducting layer 2, the main electrode comprises connected leading-

out terminals

6a and 6b and conducting

main grid lines

6c and 6d, and the conducting grid lines collect the electrons and transmit the electrons to the conducting

main grid lines

6c and 6d through the transparent conducting layer 2. The characteristic that the transparent conducting layer 2 can conduct electricity and transmit electrons is utilized, and the main electrode is independently arranged outside the packaging adhesive, so that the problem that water and oxygen enter a packaging space through a gap due to the fact that the packaging adhesive is in contact with the electrode leading-out part is avoided, and meanwhile, the transmission of electrons is not influenced. In this embodiment, the conductive

bus gate lines

6c and 6d are strip-shaped gate lines and are arranged along the length direction of the transparent conductive substrate, two ends of the conductive

bus gate lines

6c and 6d are aligned with two sides of the transparent conductive substrate in the length direction, and the two conductive

bus gate lines

6c and 6d are respectively arranged on two sides of the package adhesive 7 in the width direction and are used for collecting electrons of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Preferably, a space is left between one side of the

conductive bus lines

6c and 6d and the packaging adhesive 7, and a space is also left between the other side of the conductive bus lines and the two side edges of the transparent conductive substrate in the width direction. The lead-out

terminals

6a, 6b are rectangular in shape, one side of which is connected to the middle of the corresponding

conductive bus line

6c, 6d, and the other side of which is aligned with the edge of the transparent conductive substrate. The

outgoing terminals

6a, 6b are used to facilitate electrical connection or testing with a metal wire or a metal foil through an electrical connection medium, where the electrical connection medium includes solder or conductive paste. And the joint of the leading-out terminal and the metal wire or the metal foil is also sealed and protected by a sealing material, so that the metal wire or the metal foil is prevented from being oxidized under the influence of the actual environment to cause poor conductivity, meanwhile, the connection strength of the metal wire and the leading-out terminal is enhanced, and the metal wire or the metal foil is prevented from falling off, wherein the sealing material is silica gel, butyl rubber, epoxy resin or acrylic resin. The conductive grid line and the conductive total grid line are made of metal respectively, and comprise at least one of gold, silver, copper or aluminum. The width of the conductive grid line is 0.01 mm-0.5 mm, the thickness of the conductive grid line is 0.1 μm-30 μm, and the conductive grid line and the edge of the perovskite solar cell module are at least 10 μm apart; the width of the conductive total grid line is 0.02 mm-1 mm, and the thickness of the conductive total grid line is 0.1 μm-30 μm; the leading-out terminal is 2 mm-6 mm in width, 5 mm-10 mm in length and 0.1 μm-30 μm in thickness; the lead-out terminal and the edge of the perovskite solar cell module 3 are separated by 5 mm-12 mm, the conductive total grid line and the edge of the outer side of the packaging adhesive 7 (the outer side of the packaging adhesive 7 refers to the side of the packaging adhesive 7 far away from the packaging space, and the same below) form a separation of 1 mm-2 mm, so that a part of reserved space which overflows to the conductive total grid line can be reserved after the packaging adhesive is pressed, and the situation that the lead-out of the anode and the cathode of the cell is influenced by the packaging adhesive which possibly overflows is prevented.

The perovskite solar cell assembly 3 on the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 2 comprises at least one perovskite solar cell unit. When the number of the perovskite solar battery cells is two or more, two or more perovskite solar battery cells are connected in series and parallel. The invention mainly packages the perovskite battery, the perovskite battery can be a single battery or a plurality of series-parallel battery modules, and the packaging structure and the method can be adopted. As shown in fig. 3, the perovskite solar cell unit includes a hole blocking layer 9, an electron transport layer 10 located on the upper surface of the hole blocking layer 9, a perovskite light absorbing layer 11 located on the upper surface of the electron transport layer 10, a hole transport layer 12 located on the upper surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer 11, and a counter electrode layer 13 located on the upper surface of the hole transport layer 12, wherein the counter electrode layer 13 also covers one side surface of the perovskite solar cell unit. Since the perovskite light absorbing layer 11 is interposed between the electron transporting layer 10 and the hole transporting layer 12, electrons and holes in the perovskite light absorbing layer 11 are transported to the electron transporting layer 10 and the hole transporting layer 12, respectively. When series connection is required between perovskite solar battery cells, the perovskite solar battery cells can be arranged in a mode that etching lines 8 for separating adjacent perovskite solar battery cells are arranged on the transparent conducting layer 2, and counter electrode layers 13 on the side faces of the perovskite solar battery cells are made to cross the etching lines, so that the series connection is realized. The perovskite light absorbing layer 11 material may be MAPbI₃、FAPbI₃、MA_xFA_(1-x)PbI₃(0≤x≤1)、CsPbI₃、CsPbI_xBr_3-x(0≤x≤3)、CsPbBr₃、Cs_x(MA_yFA_1-y)_(1-x)PbI_ZBr_3-Z(0≤x≤1，0≤y≤1，0≤z≤3)、(PEA)₂(MA)_n-1Pb_nX_3n+1(X = I/Br, n.gtoreq.1).

The edges of two sides of the packaging adhesive 7 in the length direction of the transparent substrate 1 are aligned with the edges of the transparent substrate 1, the edges of two sides in the width direction of the transparent substrate 1 are positioned between the perovskite solar cell module 3 and the conductive total grid line, the inner surface of the packaging adhesive is tightly attached to the perovskite solar cell module 3, and the outer surface of the packaging adhesive is reserved between the outer surface of the packaging adhesive and the conductive total grid line to form an interval of 1 mm-2 mm. The packaging adhesive 7 is made of butyl rubber, silica gel, thermoplastic polymer material, ultraviolet curing adhesive or AB component adhesive. The width of the packaging adhesive 7 is 3-10 mm.

The filler layer 4 is provided on the upper surface of the perovskite solar cell module 3, specifically, on the upper surface of the counter electrode layer 13. On one hand, in the packaging process, the filling layer has the effect of bonding the cover plate and the battery module together to ensure the packaging effect of the cover plate, and on the other hand, the filling layer has a certain protection function on the battery assembly in the packaging space after the packaging is finished. The cover plate 5 is used for sealing the top of the packaging space, the edge of the cover plate is aligned with the outer edge of the packaging adhesive 7, and the lower surface of the edge of the cover plate is hermetically connected with the top surface of the packaging adhesive 7, so that the width of the packaging adhesive can be ensured, namely, no redundant packaging adhesive overflows, and an ideal packaging effect is achieved. The packaging adhesive 7 is arranged around the perovskite solar cell module 3 and the filling layer 4, so that the perovskite solar cell module 3 and the filling layer 4 are sealed in a packaging space surrounded by the transparent conducting layer 2, the cover plate 5 and the packaging adhesive 7, and the filling layer fills a gap between the perovskite solar cell module 3 and the cover plate 5 in the packaging space. The material of the filling layer 4 is polyethylene octene co-elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and/or organic silicon resin. A 2 mm-5 mm interval is arranged between the filling layer 4 and the adhesive film of the packaging adhesive 7; the thickness of filling layer 4 is less than the thickness of encapsulation glue 7, filling layer 4 with the difference in height at encapsulation glue 7 top is 0.1mm ~0.3mm, guarantees to fill completely after the melting solidification of filling layer material in the space that apron, battery and encapsulation glue formed, and can not spill over from the encapsulation glue, influences the encapsulation effect. The cover plate 5 is made of ultra-white glass, tempered glass or metal.

In addition, the invention also provides an encapsulating method of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps.

The method comprises the following steps: and (3) stacking the transparent conductive substrate, the perovskite solar cell module (the transparent conductive substrate and the perovskite solar cell module are integrated), the filling layer, the packaging adhesive and the cover plate in sequence from bottom to top to obtain the stacked cell.

Step two: heating a heating plate of a laminating machine, putting the stacked batteries into the heating plate of the laminating machine, and performing laminating treatment on the stacked batteries through the heating plate of the laminating machine, wherein the laminating treatment process is divided into three stages, namely a vacuumizing stage, a pressurizing stage and a laminating stage.

Wherein the temperature range for heating the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 50-180 ℃.

In particular, different lamination temperatures are selected for different perovskite material systems: when the perovskite light absorption layer 11 is selected from materials with poor thermal stability which decompose at about 85 ℃, and particularly MAPbI₃、FAPbI₃、MAxFA(1-x)PbI₃During material preparation, the temperature range of the heating plate of the laminating machine for heating is set to be 80-110 ℃; when the perovskite light absorption layer 11 is made of a material with good thermal stability and capable of decomposing at about 150 ℃, and particularly CsPbI₃、CsPbI_xBr_3-x、CsPbBr₃、Cs_x(MA_yFA_1-y)_(1-x)PbIZBr_3-Z、(PEA)₂(MA)_n-1Pb_nI_3n+1When the material (X = I, Br), the temperature range of the heating plate of the laminator for heating is set to 110 ℃ to 160 ℃. Wherein the vacuum-pumping time is 2-10 min, the pressurizing time is 5-15 s, and the laminating time is 5-30 min.

Preferably, the evacuation time is 3-6 min, the lamination time is 8-15 min, and the lamination pressure is 30-100 kPa.

Step three: after the lamination process is completed, the packaged battery is taken out and cooled.

Example 1

With MAPbI₃The encapsulation of perovskite solar cell modules is an example. WhereinThe perovskite solar cell module 3 comprises 8 perovskite solar cell units, and each unit comprises an FTO layer (transparent conducting layer 2), a hole blocking layer 9, an electron transport layer 10 and MAPbI₃A perovskite light-absorbing layer (perovskite light-absorbing layer 11), a hole transport layer (hole transport layer) 12, a carbon counter electrode layer (counter electrode layer 13), wherein MAPbI₃The perovskite layer is arranged between the electron transport layer and the carbon counter electrode layer; the FTO layers of the adjacent battery units are separated by etching lines 8, and the counter electrode layer crosses the etching lines and is connected with the FTO layers of the adjacent battery units, so that the series connection of 8 battery units is realized.

As fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3 show, this embodiment relates to a perovskite solar module of encapsulation, the battery module openly is transparent substrate 1, glass substrate is chooseed for use to transparent substrate 1, FTO conducting layer is chooseed for use to transparent conducting layer 2 that sets up on the glass substrate, chooseed for use 8 sections perovskite solar cell unit of establishing ties as perovskite solar module 3 on the transparent conducting layer 2, POE glued membrane is chooseed for use to filling layer 4 above perovskite solar module 3, perovskite solar module 3 and POE glued membrane set up encapsulation glue 7 all around, the glass apron is chooseed for use to apron 5 above the POE glued membrane, transparent conducting layer 2 top and the relative both sides of encapsulation glue 7 set up the electrically conductive total grid line 6c of positive negative pole respectively, 6d and leading-out terminal 6a, 6b (being total electrode).

Placing an unpackaged perovskite solar cell on a platform, wherein the front side of a glass substrate faces downwards; placing 1 layer of POE adhesive film above the perovskite solar cell module 3; coating packaging glue butyl rubber on the periphery of the perovskite solar cell module 3 and the POE glue film, wherein the upper edge and the lower edge of the packaging glue are aligned with the upper edge and the lower edge of the transparent conductive substrate, and the opposite edges of the packaging glue are respectively aligned with the inner sides of the conductive total grid lines; and pressing the glass cover plate against the edge of the packaging adhesive and sticking the glass cover plate.

In order to ensure that the filling layer material can be completely filled without air bubbles after being laminated and does not overflow from the sealant at four sides, a gap of 5mm is reserved between the size of the POE glue film of the filling layer and the butyl rubber; the thickness of butyl rubber should be greater than the total thickness of perovskite battery module and filling layer, and the thickness of perovskite solar module is about 0.1mm in this embodiment, and the thickness of POE glued membrane is about 0.45mm, and the thickness of butyl rubber is about 0.65 mm.

And (3) placing the stacked perovskite solar cell into a laminating machine, setting the temperature at 95 ℃, vacuumizing for 5min, pressurizing for 10s, laminating for 10min and laminating pressure at 100kPa, taking out the assembly after the laminating treatment is finished, and cooling and then carrying out photoelectric conversion parameter testing under an AM1.5 solar simulator.

In order to facilitate the testing and load connection of the packaged battery assembly, the positive and negative lead-out terminals can be respectively connected with a metal wire or a metal foil, and the weather resistance of the connection part can be ensured by packaging and protecting through silica gel, butyl rubber, epoxy resin and acrylic resin.

Table 1 shows the AM1.5,100mW/cm of the perovskite solar cell before and after lamination encapsulation in this example²Photoelectric conversion parameters measured under a light source.

TABLE 1 perovskite solar cell Performance parameters before and after lamination encapsulation in example 1 (AM 1.5,100mW/cm 2)

Wherein Voc is an open-circuit voltage, Jsc is a short-circuit current, FF is a fill factor, and Eff is a photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The packaging method provided by the invention is adopted to package the battery, the efficiency of the packaged battery is not reduced but slightly improved, and the packaging method provided by the invention has the advantages that the packaging battery structure has better water resistance performance, and the packaging method provided by the invention has the effect of reducing the performance attenuation of the battery in the packaging process.

Comparative example 1

The same unencapsulated perovskite solar cell as in example 1 was selected, and the remaining encapsulation steps were the same as in example 1 except that the temperature set in the laminator was changed to 115 ℃.

Table 2 shows the AM1.5,100mW/cm of the perovskite solar cell before and after lamination encapsulation in this comparative example²Photoelectric conversion parameters measured under a light source.

Table 2 prior to lamination packaging in comparative example 1The performance parameters of the perovskite solar cell (AM 1.5,100 mW/cm)²）

It can be seen that, in comparative example 1, since the temperature set by the laminator was changed to 115 ℃, compared with example 1, the photoelectric conversion parameters of the packaged battery were both reduced, wherein the open-circuit voltage Voc and the fill factor FF are reduced significantly, and the final conversion efficiency is reduced by 47%, while the battery efficiency is not reduced but slightly improved in example 1. Demonstration of the invention for Using MAPbI₃The temperature for heating the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 80-110 ℃ so as to achieve the beneficial effect of reducing the performance attenuation of the battery in the packaging process.

Example 2

This example provides a different perovskite solar cell structure from example 1, which includes, as shown in fig. 4, a hole blocking layer 9, an electron transport layer 10 on the upper surface of the hole blocking layer 9, an insulating layer 14 on the upper surface of the electron transport layer 10, a perovskite light absorbing layer 11 on the upper surface of the insulating layer 14, and a counter electrode layer 13 on the upper surface of the perovskite light absorbing layer 11, wherein the counter electrode layer 13 also covers one side of the perovskite solar cell. Since the perovskite light absorbing layer 11 can transport both holes and electrons, in order to prevent the holes in the perovskite light absorbing layer 11 from being transferred to the electron transport layer 10, an insulating layer 14 is required to block the hole transport. Wherein the perovskite precursor solution permeates from the carbon counter electrode layer 13 to the electron transport layer 10 and the insulating layer 14, and forms an independent perovskite light absorption layer 11 in a gap between the carbon counter electrode layer and the insulating layer 14. The rest of the structure and the packaging steps are the same as those in embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.

Table 3 shows the results of the perovskite solar cells before and after lamination packaging in this example at AM1.5,100mW/cm²Photoelectric conversion parameters measured under a light source.

Table 3 perovskite solar cell performance parameters before and after lamination encapsulation in example 2 (am1.5, 100mw/cm)²）

Comparative example 2

The same unencapsulated perovskite solar cell as in example 2 was selected, and the remaining encapsulation steps were the same as in example 1 except that the temperature set in the laminator was changed to 115 ℃.

Table 4 shows the results of the comparative examples of perovskite solar cells before and after lamination packaging at AM1.5,100mW/cm²Photoelectric conversion parameters measured under a light source.

Table 4 perovskite solar cell performance parameters before and after lamination encapsulation (am1.5, 100mw/cm) in comparative example 2²）

It can be seen that, in comparative example 2, since the temperature set by the laminator was changed to 115 ℃, compared with example 2, the photoelectric conversion parameters of the packaged cell were reduced, wherein the open-circuit voltage Voc and the fill factor FF are reduced significantly, and the final conversion efficiency is reduced by 21%, while the efficiency of example 2 after packaging is increased by 10%. Demonstration of the invention for Using MAPbI₃Poor material with equal thermal stabilityAccording to the perovskite solar cell module, the temperature of the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 80-110 ℃, so that the beneficial effect of reducing the performance attenuation of the cell in the packaging process is achieved.

Example 3

This example utilizes CsPbI₂Br perovskite layer (perovskite light-absorbing layer) instead of MAPbI in example 1₃The perovskite layer and the laminator set temperature was changed to 150 ℃, and the rest of the structure and the packaging steps are the same as those of example 1, and are not described herein.

Table 5 shows the results of the perovskite solar cells before and after lamination packaging in this example at AM1.5,100mW/cm²Photoelectric conversion parameters measured under a light source.

Table 5 perovskite solar cell performance parameters before and after lamination encapsulation in example 3 (am1.5, 100mw/cm)²）

Claims

1. An encapsulated perovskite solar cell, comprising:

a transparent conductive substrate;

2. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the edge of the cover plate is aligned with the outer edge of the encapsulant.

3. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the total electrode comprises an extraction terminal, wherein the extraction terminal is electrically connected with a metal wire or a metal foil, and wherein the connection of the extraction terminal and the metal wire or the metal foil is protected by an encapsulation material.

4. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 1 or 3, wherein the bus electrode comprises a conductive bus grid line, the conductive bus grid line forming a space with the outer edge of the encapsulant.

5. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 1, further comprising a filler layer between the perovskite solar cell assembly and the cover plate.

6. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 5, wherein a gap of 2mm to 5mm is provided between the filler layer and the encapsulation glue, and the height difference between the top of the filler layer and the top of the encapsulation glue is 0.1mm to 0.3 mm.

7. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the perovskite solar cell assembly comprises at least one perovskite solar cell unit; when the number of the perovskite solar battery cells is two or more, two or more perovskite solar battery cells are connected in series and parallel.

8. A method of encapsulating an encapsulated perovskite solar cell, comprising:

the method comprises the following steps: stacking a transparent conductive substrate, a perovskite solar cell assembly, packaging glue and a cover plate from bottom to top to obtain a stacked cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6;

9. The method of encapsulating an encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 8,

the perovskite solar cell module is made of materials decomposed at about 85 ℃, and the temperature of heating plates of a laminating machine is set to be 80-110 ℃;

or the perovskite solar cell module is made of a material decomposed at about 150 ℃, and the temperature of the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 110-160 ℃.

10. The method for encapsulating an encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a vacuum time of the laminator heating plate is set to 3 to 6 min; the laminating time of the heating plate of the laminating machine is set to be 8 min-15 min, and the pressure is set to be 30 kPa-100 kPa.